细胞生物学课件：Chapter5 II2010

1、Molecular basis of phosphorylation: ATP synthase,The structure of the ATP synthase,F1 particle is the catalytic subunit; The F0 particle attaches to F1 and is embedded in the inner membrane.,F1: 5 subunits in the ratio 3:3:1:1:1,F0: 1a：2b：12c,Figure14-6Fractionation of purified mitochondria into sep

2、arate components.These techniques have made it possible to study the different proteins in each mitochondrial compartment. The method shown, which allows the processing of large numbers of mitochondria at the same time, takes advantage of the fact that in media of low osmotic strength water flows in

3、to mitochondria and greatly expands the matrix space (yellow). While the cristae of the inner membrane allow it to unfold to accommodate the expansion, the outer membrane which has no folds to begin with breaks, releasing a structure composed of only the inner membrane and the matrix.,B. Specific fu

4、nctions localized within the Mit by disruption of the organelle and fractionation,F1 particles have ATP synthase activity,Proton translocation through F0 drives ATP synthesis by F1: Binding Change Model and rotational catalysis,Boyer proposed in 1979, and was greatly stimulated by the publication in

5、 1994 of the structure for F1 complex (X-ray) from bovine heart mitochondria,Direct experimental evidence supporting the rotational catalysis.,Japan researcher, Nature 386: 300, 1997.,The ATP synthase is a reversible coupling device,Other roles for the proton-motive force in addition to ATP synthase

6、,C. Mithchells Chemiosmotic theory (1961),The pH and electrical gradient resulting from transport of protons links oxidation to phosphorylation.,When electrons are passed to carriers only able to accept electrons, the H+ is translocated across the inner membrane.,More than 21026 molecules (160kg) of

7、 ATP per day in our bodies.,化学渗透学说,Electrons pass from NADH or FADH2 to O2, the terminal electron acceptor, through a chain of carriers in the inner membrane (FMN, Fe-S center, Heme group Fe, CoQ); As electrons move through the electron-transport chain, H+ are pumped out across the inner membrane, a

8、nd form Proton motive force; Electrons move through the inner membrane via a series of carriers of decreasing redox potential,If not all the detergent is removed, what will happen?,An experiment demonstrating that the ATP synthase is driven by proton flow.By combining a light-driven bacterial proton

9、 pump (bacteriorhodopsin), an ATP synthase purified from ox heart mitochondria, and phospholipids, vesicles were produced that synthesized ATP in response to light.,Summary of the major activities during aerobic respiration in a mitochondrion,NADHO2: 3ATP/2e; FADH2 O2 : 2ATP/2e,生物氧化产生ATP的统计 一个葡萄糖分子经过细胞呼吸全过程产生多少ATP？ 糖酵解：底物水平磷酸化产生 4 ATP（细胞质） 己糖分子活化消耗 2 ATP（细胞质） 产生 2NADH，经电子传递产生