基于GISGPSGPRS技术的露天矿卡车和电铲监测调度信息系统毕业论文外文翻译

1、英文原文monitoring dispatch information system of trucks andshovels in an open pit based on gis/gps/gprsabstract using gis, gps and gprs, an intelligent monitoring and dispatch system of trucks and shovels in an open pit has been designed and developed. the system can monitor and dispatch open-pit truck

2、s and shovels and play back their historical paths. an intelligent data algorithm is proposed in a practical applicat-ion. the algorithm can count the times of deliveries of trucks and loadings of shovels. experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy

3、production standards in open pits. keywords gis; gps; gprs; dispatch; data processing; open pit1 . introductionto date the development of truck monitoring dinpatch systems in the world, such as the dispatch monitoring system of the american module company has reached a highly mature level and is alm

4、ost univernal. it has developed into a decision-making platform by management as a control system in multi-direction-al mining production, called intellimine. in 1998, dispatch was introduced into the dexing copper mine in jiangxi, china. it has clearly enhanced the service efficiency of equipment,

5、improved the management level in the open pits and obtained better overall benefits. in 2003, the dandong dong-fang measurement and control technology co. ltd.,together with the qidashan iron mine have developed a dispatch management system for trucks in open pits.the system has become indispensable

6、 to daily production management. it must be emphatically pointed out that the greatest disadvantage of these systems is that they cost too much. the major cause is that an independent communication network needs to be established and maintained by every open pit. many mines can not afford such a sys

7、tem. however, using gis/gps/gprs technologies, it is not necessary to establish independent communication networks in every open pit. the network can be maintained and upgraded by a third party (e.g., china mobile communication co. ltd). this can reduce costs considerably and provides a good platfor

8、m for medium and small open pit mines to establish a fast, highly tive, and practical ground transportation system. such a system is very important in enhancing labor productivity, reduce mining costs and promote mining technologies to an unprecedented level in open pits.2 . gis/gps/gprs2.1 gisthe g

9、eographic information system (gis) is one kind of computer system gathering, storing, managing,analyzing, demonstrating and applying geographicinformation. it is a general technology that can analyze and process enormous amounts of geographic data. it takes a geographic space database as its foundat

10、-ion, uses a geographic model analysis method to provide many kinds of spatialand dynamic geographic information and serves as a geographic research anddecision-making tool. it has some basic functions such as electronic mapping, spatial data management and spatial information analysis. gis has been

11、 applied in many fields to establish all kinds of spatial databases and decision support systems,each with different criteria and provide answers to many different formal spatial inquiries, spatial analyses and assistance plans and decision-making func-tions.to date, gis has pits. the task been grad

12、ually applied in open of a monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits is to track, monitor and manage production equipment,which depends largely on geographic spatial information. therefore gis plays an important role in visual supervisory systems of trucks, real-time

13、dynamic management and assistance in decision analysis.2.2 gpsthe global positioning system (gps) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed in orbit. their ground stations aremanaged by the u.s. department of defense.a gps receiver must be locked on to the s

14、ignal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2d position (latitude and longitude) and track movements. with fouror more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the 3d position of trucks (latitude, longitude and elevation). once the position of the truck has been dete-rmined, the gps unit

15、 can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, suprise and sunset time and more. gps works in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. there are no subscription fees or establishment charges to use gps.to date, as gps units are becoming smaller

16、and less expensive, there are an expanding number of applications for gps in open pits. with gps, the monitor-ing dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits provides cua-ccurate position (latitude and longitude), speed, bearing, time, track and more basic information of trucks an

17、d shovels.2.3 gprsthe general packet radio service (gprs) is one of gsmphase2+ standard realization contents and can provide fast data transmission speed. theoretically,this service is ten times faster than the current circuit switched data services on gsm networks. gprs uses the same frequency rang

18、e,bandwidth, sharpedged structure wireless modulation standard,frequency-hopping rule and tdma frame structure as gsm.the monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits largely uses the advantages of gprs such as faster speed and instant connections as the need arises and

19、charging by amount of data. it can provide realt- ime wire-less transmission and is very quick without a dial-up modem connection to gps equipment for position information. that is very important because gps position information has room for only a small amount of data and needs to be transmitted fr

20、equently. so this system can make good use of gprs to transmit gps position information.3. principle of monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels3.1 monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovelsthe monitoring dispatch system is composed of mobile terminals carried by vehicles, a communicat

21、ion network and a monitoring center, as shown in fig.1 .in this system the mobile terminals receive gps signals and then calculate the latitude, longitude, angle, elevation and speed of the vehicles. the expansion interfaces of mobile terminals can also meet many examination and control lines to obt

22、ain the information from the vehicles. each kind of information is transm-itted to the monitoring center through gprs and the internet. gprs, as a teleco-mmunications network between the mobile terminals and monitoring center, mainly transmits the information on position and condition of the vehicle

23、 and information in case of an alarm, to the monitoring center, which in turn transmits dispatch and control commands to the vehides.in the monitoring center, the communication server, the database server and the console are connected by a 100m local area network. the monitoring center under control

24、 of the system software system receives and processes all kinds of information coming from the controlled vehicles. the position, paths and other information of the vehicles are displayed at led multimedia monitors and electronic maps in the monitoring center and from these the vehicles can be monit

25、ored and dispatched. besides, the system may establish other centers with monitoring and dispatch subsystems in different regions. this sub-center with independent or relatively independent monitoring dispatch functions can be can be controlled from the center.3.2 data processing system of trucks an

26、d shovelsthe data processing system of trucks and shovels at first locates the real-time positions of trucks through gps and gprs and then determines the loading mine position a (longitude, latitude) through a terminal on the shovel and the unloading mine position b (longitude, latitude) through gps

27、 equipment. the rea-ltime location of truck c (longitude, latitude) can be determined according to a terminal installed in the truck,as shown in fig. 2.4.monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in sandaozhuang open pitthe sandaozhuang open pit is part of the luoyang luanchuan mo

28、lybdenum industry group inc. its output is 1o million tons. its length is 2350 m, its width 1350 m and its mining elevation is between 1114 and 1630.8 m. the height of mining is 516.8 m and the bench height 12 m. rotary drilling machines, shovels and trucks are used in this mining process.the transp

29、ortation system consists of a number of trucks, a crushing station, an ore pass and electric locomotives. the monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in this open pit consists mainly of terminals and monitoring dispatch software.4.1 software constitution and its function4.1.1 gi

30、s monitoring dispatch client (gmdc) the gis monitoring dispatch client can be installed in the monitoring center to manage, dispatch and monitor trucks and shovels. its functions are as follows: 1) map operation: zoom in, zoom out, roam and display lamination maps; display coordinates of a random po

31、int on the map; compute the distance of two random points; compute the area of a random polygon; inquire about the geographic target information etc. 2) vehicles display: display the several trucks or shovels differently, e.g., different colors and different marks; do not display trucks or shovels a

32、ccording togiven commands. 3) playback of historical paths: play back the travel path of any truck at some time on the electronic map. 4) inquiry about the location of a truck: inquire current position, speed, condition and driver of any truck at any moment. 5) instruction dispatch: the monitoring c

33、enter can send out dispatch instructions as text; the terminal carried by trucks will clearly indicate and display, with a red light, the dispatch instructions on the terminal.6) pronunciation dispatch: the monitoring center can call any terminal carried by vehicles for dispatch;the red light of the

34、 terminal will clearly indicate thatinstructions are given and will ring. 7) terminal information feedback: the terminal carried by trucks can upload the prefabricated fixed information on the operation surface of the terminal andreturn feedback to the monitoring center which can deal with the infor

35、mation in a timely fashion.4.1.2 gps data processing client (gdpc) the function of the gps data processing is to record the times delivered by trucks and the times loaded by shovels. the concrete function is as follows: 1) count of delivery by truck: count accurately the delivery times of each truck

36、 from shovels to crushing stations during some time interval; the interval can be set by users; the statistical results can be transformed to report forms by class, month and season, according to need of the user. 2) count of loading by shovels: count accurately the loading time during some time int

37、erval of each shovel; other functions are the same as in 1).4.1.3 gps localization data processing server (gldp) the function of the gps processing server is mainly to filter, extract and process the localization data of trucks and shovels in order to enhance the level of accuracy and statistical ef

38、ficiency.4.1.4 data communication control server (dccs) the communication control server mainly gathers,transmits and routes the data through the tcp/ip and analyzes the communication protocol and the distribution of data; this part is also in charge of the handling of traffic (monitoring, dispatch

39、etc.) and other data connections (the localization data input, condition, renewal of vehicles, etc. ).4.1.5 database management system (dbms) the database management system mainly manages the database and increases, deletes, modifies and requires data from vehicles, drivers and operators; it regular

40、ly backs up the data and then deletes it.4.2 system application deployment the process of the entire system deployment is as follows: 1)early preparation: the terrain of the open pit is complex, the communication signals are bad and there are many blind signal zones. a communication base seat and a

41、repeater were built by china mobile.these measures have solved the signal problem. 2) terminal installation: the type of terminals is a hq60006-t10 provided by the shenzhen huaqiang holdings ltd. gps terminals had been installed in 75trucks and shovels during an earlier period. the terminal consist

42、mainly of a mainframe, a gps antenna,a gprs antenna, a display, a red indicating lamp,earphones, a sound box as well as a microphone. after installation, the terminal needed debugging. it mainly sets the parameters of the main frame (number,ip, port, etc)using an operation handle. 3) software deploy

43、ment: there are five sub-systems in the project. a schematic deployment structure is drawn in fig. 3. the data communication control system is deployed in the web server of the company; the localization data processing system and the database management server are deployed in the database server of

44、the company; the data processing client and the monitoring client of trucks and shovels are deployed in the monitoring center of the open pit.4) coordinate registration: in first instance, the present topographic map of the open pit should be renewed. under autocad2006 we can transform it from dwg t

45、o dxf format. then we can match the present dxf topographic map to the coordinates. establish a longitude/latitude (wgs84) coordinate system and select a couple of coordinates: the geodetic coordinates of the first point are: (6755.3044, 4850.7990),latitude/longitude coordinates (111.506202, 33.9190

46、5);those of the second point are (6459.1221, 5482.2094),latitude/longitude coordinate (111.50295, 33.92468).their match is shown in fig, 4. after obtaining the electronic map of tab format, the electronic map is saved as geoset by mapx5.0.5) system debugging: many parameters need to be rationalised

47、in this system, given the real situation.the most important parameters are the demarcations of all the scanning regions in the open pit. at present there are five scanning regions, those of crushing stations i, ii, iii, the nangou trough and the reserve mine.they have mainly adopted the method of sc

48、anning return paths made by many trucks to determine the areas. besides, in some special terrain, scanning regions of irregular shapes can be determined by means of points and straight lines. fig. 5 is the operation interface of the software system.4.3 running the systemthe monitoring dispatch infor

49、mation system in the sandaozhuang open pit has been used since march,2007. some problems have arisen since then, such as drift and precision of gps. these have been solved by optimization of the system software. after experiments with real scenes, the performance of the system is stable. it not only

50、 can track and localize trucks,play back historical paths, monitor the trucks automatically, but can also dispatch the trucks by voice and instructions, count the workload of trucks and shovels accurately. fig. 6 shows some results of the data system of trucks.5. conclusions1)based on gis/gps/gprs t

51、echnologies, the monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in an open pit is a set of multi-directional,real-time, highly effective software system. the practical application indicates that the system improves labor productivity and the production scheduling efficiency in mines co

52、nsiderably and saves investment and transportation costs. 2) from gps pinpoint data, the system can determine the delivery times of trucks and loading times of shovels. its level of accuracy is 99%100%. the system saves considerably on labor costs, reduces the effect of human factors on production s

53、cheduling and provides an accurate basis for matching ore plans. 3) the system is of great importance in the realization of automation in truck and information management in open pits, which definitely can be applied toother open pits.acknowledgements the authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperati

54、on of the luoyang luanchuan molybdenum industry group inc and shenzhen huaqiang holdings limited. the authors also thank other participants fortheir support.汉语翻译基于gis/gps/gprs技术的露天矿卡车和电铲监测调度信息系统摘要 卡车和电铲监控调度系统，是一个集gis, gps 和 gprs技术的智能的系统已经在露天矿得到了应用和发展。这个系统可以监测和调度露天矿卡车和电铲，并可以回放它们的历史路径。将这个智能的数据计算程序在实际应

55、用，可以计算卡车运行和电铲装载的次数。现场实验证实了这个系统是稳定的，可以满足露天矿的生产要求。关键词 gis;gps;gprs;调度；数据处理；露天矿1.引言到目前为止，全世界的卡车监测系统的发展，已经到达高度成熟的水平，如美国模块公司的调度监控系统。在多样化的生产中，被称为“智能开采”的检测调度系统，已被发展成为一个管理和决策的平台。在1998年，该系统被引入到中国的江西德兴铜矿。它明显地提高了露天矿设备的效率、提高了管理水平，并获得更好的综合效益。 2003年，丹东东方测控技术有限公司和齐大山铁矿共同开发了一套露天矿山的卡车调度管理系统。该系统已成为日常生产中不可或缺的管理工具。必须强调

56、指出，该系统的成本太高，这也是最大的缺点。主要的原因是在每一个露天矿都要建立和维护一个独立的通信网络，许多露天矿无法承受这样的花费。然而，利用gis(利用地理信息系统)/gps(全球定位系统)/ gprs(通用分组无线业务)技术，没有必要在每一个露天建立独立的通信网络。该网络可以通过第三方（如中国移动通信有限公司）进行维护和升级。这可以大大降低成本，并提供了一个良好的平台，为中型和小型露天矿建立了一种快速，高效，和实用的地面运输系统。这种系统是非常重要的，在露天矿山前所未有的程度上提高劳动生产率，降低开采成本和促进采矿技术的发展。2.地理信息系统/全球定位系统/ 通用分组无线业务2.1地理信息

57、系统（gis）地理信息系统（gis）是一种收集，存储，管理，分析，显示和应用地理信息的计算机系统。这是一种可以分析和处理大量的地理数据的综合性技术。它以地理空间数据库为基础，采用地理模型分析方法，提供多种空间和动态的地理信息，并作为地理研究和决策工具。它的一些基本功能，如电子地图，空间数据管理和空间信息的分析。地理信息系统已经应用在许多领域建立各种空间数据库和决策支持系统，各有不同的标准，并提供许多不同的方案，如：空间查询、空间分析、援助计划和管理决策。迄今为止，地理信息系统已经进入矿山。这项技术已逐步在露天矿山应用于追踪卡车和电铲的监测调度信息系统。监测和管理的生产设备，这在很大程度上取决于

58、地理空间信息。因此，地理信息系统在屏幕监控汽车运输环节、实时动态管理和决策分析上都扮演重要得角色。2.2全球定位系统（gps）全球定位系统（gps）是一种卫星导航系统，是由在轨道运行的24颗卫星构成的一个网络。它们地面站由美国国防部管理。至少利用三颗（4颗或更多的卫星）在二维位置（经度和纬度）的轨道运动的卫星发出的信号来锁定gps接收器，来确定卡车的三维位置（纬度，经度和海拔）。一旦确定卡车的位置，全球定位系统可以确定卡车的其他信息，如速度，运行方向，运行轨迹，运行距离，上班和下班时间及更多。全球定位系统可以在各种天气条件下，任何地方，全天候的运行。使用全球定位系统没有认购费或建设费用。迄今为止，gps接收器正变得越来越便携，越来越便宜，有越来越多的露天矿山应用gps技术。在露天矿山使用全球定位系统，卡车和电铲监测调度信息系统，可以提供卡车和电铲的精确位置（经度和纬度）、运行速度、运行方向、运行周期、运行轨迹和更多的基本信息。2.3通用分组无线业务(gprs)通用分组无线业务（gprs）是一个gsm二代和分组无线业务的结合，可以提供快速的数据传输速度。从理论上说，这项技术的数据传输速度比目前应用的电路交换数据服务的gsm网络快10倍。gprs使用和gsm相同的频率范围，带宽，快分结构的无线调制标准，跳频规则