完整版新译林八年级1 4单元语法复习期中复习

1、一、语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级（一）形容词的比较等级（1）用法讲解大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用 much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最” 形容词的比较级（-er）和最高级（-est）的构成a.规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变着加 b.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / well better bestmany / much more most l

2、east far farther, further farther, further 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法bad / ill worse worstlittle lessold older, elder oldest, eldest 比较级前的修饰语still, even, any, quite（a bit）, almost, nearly, just, rather ; a little, a bit ; much, a lot, far, many ; twice, ten times, one fourth, two poun ds, three years【小试牛刀】1.

3、1 cant run any（far）. Shall we stop for a while?2. It is not so（hot） today as it was yesterday,3. （hard） you study,（good） you will be at En glish.4. -Which do you like（well）, En glish, Maths or Chin ese?-E nglish is my favorite subject.5. Our country is becomi ngand（beautiful）.（二）形容词的比较等级（2） 常见句型 A=B

4、 A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。一样）He is as tall as I/me.他和我一样高。He is as good a teacher as his father他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 A 丰 B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。不一样）They didn ? t do as/so much work as you did. 他 们干得 事没有 你多。 I ve never seen as/so old a car as this我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。 A B 或 A B A +

5、V + 比较级 + than + B （比。）Tom is two years older than his brother.汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。Our classroom is bigger than theirs.我们的教室比他们的大。 表示倍数 A + V + twice/four times/ + as + adj./adv. + as + B （A 是 B 的两倍 /四倍 /）This room is twice as large as that one.整个房间是那房间的两倍大。The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的 49

6、倍大。 表示程度的递增主语+ V +比较级+ and+比较级（越来越）主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv.（越来越 ）The days are gett ing shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美了。 表示两种情况同时变化The+比较级+主语+ V +，the+比较级+主语+ V +（越越）The more we get together, the happier we ?l be.=If we get togethe

7、r more, we ?l be happier.我们聚 得越多，我们就会越高兴。The harder you study, the better you ?ll be at English.= If you study harder, you ?ll be better at English. 你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。 主语+ be +one of the+最高级+ n.（pl.） + in/of（是最之一）Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China. 北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 主语 + V 。+ the+ 序数词 +最高级（最 ）S

8、he is the second tallest girl in her class. 她是她班里第二高女孩子。 主语+ V。 + the+比较级+ of the two（两者中 较的）Lily is the taller of the twins. 莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。 主语+ V。+比较级+ than + any other +n.（单数）+ in（比任何其他的更 ）主语+ V。 +比较级+ than + any of the other +n.（复数）+ in（比任何其他的更）He is taller than any other student in his class.

9、他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class. 三、祈使句（一）祈使句用法讲解 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形 +其他Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + n./adj.Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子 ! Be care

10、ful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！（3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let?s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。2. 否定的祈使句（1）Dont + 动词原形Dont stand up. 别站起来。 Dont be careless. 别粗心。Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（2）Let 型的否定式有两种 :“ Dont + let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其它成分”。D

11、ont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（3）no 开头 ,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟 !No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 !3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词 Do。 例如： Do shut up! 快住口！4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般 用 will 或 won?t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1）形式一致（即Yes与will保持一致；No与won?保持一致）2）意思

12、相反（即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思）。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：- Don ?t go out, please. It?s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。 外面雨下得很大。 Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。（二）易错点讲解1、 放句首时，要注意Don?后面要用动词原形；2、当人称后面有标点符号时，要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。如： Lucy, don?t be late again.Lucy, a 17-year-old

13、girl, is not late again.3、 祈使句与 or 的搭配，女口： Hands up, or we?l shoot.趁热打铁】1. late again, Bill! A. Dont to be B. Dont beC. Not be D. Be not2. cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont3. Kate, your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringin

14、g4. me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 5 .He5. doctor said: “ work so hard ” A Stop B Don ?t C Can?t D No6. Sindy, to be here at 8 o?clockA is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure7. when you cross the road.A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful8. i

15、n bed. It?s bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Don ?t read C Don?t to read D Not read9 tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never四、 should 和 had better（一） should 用法讲解1. 用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见。如： Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？2. should 表义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。如： You should do what your parents tell you. 你应该照你父母的话

16、去做事。He should do some work, but he doesn ?t want to. 他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。 也可指现在。如： You shouldn ?t be sitting in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。3. should 表推测，暗含很大的可能。如：It?s 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。（二） had better 用法讲解 1. had better 的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略

17、为,d。如：You? better get some sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。 We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。2. had better 如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将 not 置于 had better 之后 （而不是 had 之后 ）； 而构成疑问式时，则通常将had（而不是had better）置于主语之前。如： I?d better not disturb him .我最好别去打扰他。 What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办 ? 【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将 not 与 had

18、连用。如： Hadn?t we better go now? 我 们是不是现在就去呢 ?3. had better 后接进行式有时后接动词的进行式，表示最好马上做某事如：I think I ?d better be going .我想我最好还是马上走。You?d better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。【趁热打铁】 句式转换：You should go to school on time.（ 否定句 ）You had better get here early.(否定句)You should dress neatly.(同义句)We? better put the rubbish in the bin.(划线问)单选()1. This diet ionary bel ongs to Rita. Youit home without lett ing her know.A. had better not to take B. shouldn ? take C. needn? take D. shouldn ? be taking()2. This is a very important project , so youplan it very carefully.A. sh