3月全国英语等级考试（三级）试题及答案（文字版）

1、姓名：_ 班级：_ 学号：_-密-封 -线- 3月全国英语等级考试（三级）试题及答案（文字版）考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分题号一二三四五总分分数遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。promotionsbapplicationscpracticesdadvances27awaybmannercstyledscope28aimagebfigurecvoicedsound29adisposedbshapedcengineereddconditioned30asayingbfeelingcsearchingddoing32abeforeboncecsincedunl

2、ess32aevenbthuscyetdonly33ahopebpassioncfaithdnotion34aperhapsbexceptcprovideddespecially35athereforeblikewisechoweverl44asacrificingbaffectingcpreventingdlosing45aunusualbunfortunatecuncertaindunnecessarysection reading comprehension（40 minutes）partadirections：read the following three textsanswerth

3、e questions on each text by choosing a，b，cordmarkyour answers on answer sheet 1text 1whenevercatherine brown， a 37yearold journalist， and her friends，professionals in their 30s and early 40s，meet at alondon caf6，their favorite topic ofconversation is relationships：mensreluctance to commit，wo mens in

4、dependence，andwhen to have childrenor，increasingly，whether to have them at all“with the years passing my chances of having a child godown，but i wont malty anyone just to have achild，”saysbrownto people like brown，babiesare great_if the timing is rightbuttheyre certainly not essentialin much of the w

5、orld，havingkids is no longer a given“neverbefore has childlessness beenan understandable decision for women and men in so many societies，” says frank hakim at the londonschool of economicsyoungpeople are extending their childfreeadulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30sor e

6、ven40s and beyonda growing share are ending up with nochildren at alllifetime childlessness in westerngermany has hit 30 percent among universityeducated women，and is rapidly rising among lowerclass meninbritain，thenumber of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 yearsthe latesttrend of childle

7、ssness does not follow historic patternsfor centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of european women toremain childlessbutin the pastchildlessnesswas usually the product of poverty ordisasterof missingmen in times of wartoday the decision to haveor not havea child is theresult of a complex combi

8、nation of factors，includingrelationships，careeropportunities，lifestyleand economicsin some caseschildlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form ofprotestinjapan，supportfor working mothers hardly existschildcare is expensive，men dont help out，andsome companies strongly discouragemothers from re

9、turning to work“in japan，itscareer or child，”says writer kaorihaishiits not justwomen who are deciding against children；according to a re cent study，japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a childtheir motivations，though，may havemore to do with economic factors46catherinebrown and her f

10、riends feel that having children is not _atotallywisebahuge problemcarational choicedabsolutelynecessary47it can beinferred that，formany women，havingbabies nowadays is _aahard commitmentbhelpfulto their careercessentialfor happinessdanunderstandable decision48in theold days。manywomen remained childl

11、essaasa quiet form of protestbbecauseof lack of supportcbecauseof unfortunate circumstancesdbecausethey lacked social responsibility49we learnthat childlessness at present _aaffectseurope more than it does asiabproducesmore benefits than in the pastcismore a womans decision than a mansdismore comple

12、x in its cause than that in the past50according to the text，when a japanese man decides not to have children，he probably feels unable to _ahelpwith houseworkbaffordto have a childcbea responsible fatherdbalancework and familytext 2faced with amissioncriticaldecision，who would you turn to for advice?

13、 someone you had great confidence in，surelybut several lines of research show thatour instincts about where to mm to for counsel are often not completely correctmy research looksat prejudices that affect how people use advice，including why theyoften blindly follow recommendations from people whoas f

14、ar as they knoware as knowledgeable as they arein studies i conducted with don moore of carnegie mellonuniversity，for example，i found matpeople tend to overvalue advice when the problem theyreaddressing is hard and to undervalue it when the problem iseasyin our experimentssubjects were asked to gues

15、s the weight of people in various pictures，some of which werein focus and some of which were unclearfor each picture，subjects guessed twice：the first time without advice and the second time with input from another participantwhen me pictures were in focus，wefound，subjects tended to discount theadvic

16、e；apparently，theywere confident in their ability to guesscorrectlywhen the pictures were unclear，subjectsleaned heavilyon me advice ofothers and seemed less secure about their initialopinionbecausethey misjudged the value 0f the advice theyreceivedconsistently overvaluing orundervaluing it depending

17、 on the difficulty of the problemour subjectsdid not make the best guesses overalltheywould have done better if theydconsidered the advice equally，and to a moderate degree，on both hard andeasy tasksanother advicerelated prejudice ive found compels people toovervalue advice that they pay forn one stu

18、dy iconducted，subjectsanswered different sets of questions about american historybeforeanswering some of the questionstheycould get advice on the correct answer from another subject whom they knew was nomore expert than they werein one version of the experiment，people could get advice for free，while

19、 in another version，they paid for itwhen they paid foradvice，peopletended to have firm belief in it，isuspect，by a combination of sunkcostprejudice and the nearly instinctual belief that cost and quality are linked51in theface of a missioncritical decision，peopletend to _atrusttheir own effortsbrelyo

20、n research findingscgetaffected by others opiniondseekhelp from the more knowledgable52researchshows that when faced with difficult problems people often _adiscountothersadviceboverlookothersadvicecdisagreewith othersadvicedoverrelyon othersadvice53the firstexperiment tries to prove how objective co

21、nditions _astrengthenpeoples initial opinionbstrengthenpeoples selfconfidencecinfluencepeoples response to advicedinfluencepeoples guess of weight loss54it can beinferred that people are likely to _aundervaluefree advicebovervaluepeers advicecmisinterpretspecialists advicedmisjudgetheir instinctual

22、belief55the twoexperiments mentioned in the text reveal _ahowto follow othersadvicebhowto understand othersadvicecwhatcauses people to seek advicedwhataffects peoples attitude to advicetext 3top national health service（nhs）nurses will be able to earn $40，000 a year without leavingfrontline patient c

23、are in a modification to salary structures new“supernurse”grades will be created to enable the best staff to increasetheir salaries without having to move into management desk jobs currently the most senior nhs nurses can earn a maximum$28，000 a year unless they arewilling to withdraw from the front

24、line and become administratorshundredsof experienced and highlyqualified nurses are lost to patient care every yearbecause of this odditywhile only a few thousand of britains 332，000 nhs nurses will qualify for the$40，000plussalary，fasttrackpromotion schemes and a simpler grading system will increas

25、e the pay of many morethe government announced that a new simplifiedcareer structure would see just four gradesreplacing the existing sixnurses will begin their careers as healthcare assistants before moving up to registered practitioner grade，followed by senior registered practitioner and ultimatel

26、y consultant practitionerand a$40，000salary“nurses are rising to thechallenge of modernisation，”said a government official“these proposals will help them improve their professional role further andprovide a better service to patientswe do not think mat in order to be paid more，nurses should have to

27、move intomanagementnurses working at the sharpend of patient care should have a career structure which n0 longer penalises them for wanting to stay there”the nursingstrategy will include proposals to allowmore flexible training courses and improve opportunities for qualified nurses who have left the

28、profession to return in parttime rolesthe royal college of nursing welcomed the reformsthe top salary level falls into line with figures it hadpresented to ministers56 hundreds of experienced nurses are lost to patientcare every year because they_adislikethe nursing jobbaredissatisfied with their pa

29、ycarereplaced by“super nurses”dlackfurther training for the profession57the newsystem will mostly benefit those who_amoveinto managementbworkon a part time basischaveretired from the nursing jobdhave reached the top of the system58the newcareer structure is different from the existing one in its_aqu

30、alityof nursesservicesbpossibilityof a job transfercopportunitiesfor promotiondsimplicityof nursesgrades59thenursing strategy will be adopted in order to_ aprovidemore consultation to practitionersbencourageexperienced nurses to work part timecenablethe most experienced nurses to be paid moredpromot

31、ethe most experienced nurses to management60the royalcollege of nursing _aproposedsimilar top salary for nursesbraisedthe management issue to ministerscsuggesteda fourgrade system for nursesdputforward the nursing strategy to ministerspart bdirections：read the textstaken from five peoples comments o

32、n an article on the issueof global povertyfor questions61 to 65，match the name of each person（61to 65）to one of the statements（a tog）given below mark your answers on your answer sheet 1ankita agarwal：your article made me ashamedivealways thought of myself as not the typical selfabsorbed teenager，but

33、i guess l was wrongwhile isit in my large，warm and cozy housewishingfor the shoes and clothes i see in teenmagazines，there are people in the world wishing for something as simple as clean waterthank you for reminding me aboutpeople who would be more than happy with what i havejanet tejada：whatabout

34、the relationship between population，consumptionand resources?after allpoverty most simply defined，isnot having enough resourcesthesteady growth of the global population，overconsumption of resources by developed nations such as the us，and increasing levels of c0nsumption among the growing middle clas

35、sin many developing nations ensure that there is ever less of the planetsalready dwindling resources to go aroundtadaship kawabe：extreme poverty is so tragicsudden natural disasters like an earthquake mobilize alarge number of people and money for a short period of time，while the slow but massive wa

36、ve of poverty and deathin africa doesnt attract the worldsattention in the same waywhen we try to help those affected by disasters and extreme poverty，however，weshouldnt focus on the overwhelmingnumber of the dead but simply try to do something good for othersjane thomas：the poorshould be trained to

37、 organize，set priorities and develop skills and resources to put their owncommunity plans into actionwhat your article proposes is the conventionaltopdownway for doing things：outsidersdetermine the priorities and solutions，thenthrow money at themto actuallyhelp，we must first develop our ownskills an

38、d understandingwe need to find out what the poor want and what the root causes of theproblems arewehave to listen to poor peoplesanjay kathe：concerned and sensible peoples endeavors to reduce poverty inunderdeveloped countries are deserving of high praiseitis sad，however，thatonly a small part of the

39、 funds raised for the poor actually l each themthegenerous people who donate money to reduce poverty would be more successful ifthey spent time in the poor nations to check firsthand the use of their fundsnow match the name of each person（61 to65）to the appropriate statementnote：there are two extra

40、statementsankita agarwal62janettejada63tadashipkawabe64janethomas65sanjaykathestatementsawhat we should do is to help the poor help them selvesbi have always been deeply grieved by the tragicdisasterscthe root of poverty lies in the unfairdistribution of resourcesdthesituation in africa has been ove

41、rlooked by the worldetheuse of donated funds should be put under strict controlfpeople living in prosperityshould cherish what they havegitsour duty to end global povertysection lv writing（40 minutes）directions：you should write your responses to both part a and part b of this section on answersheet

42、2part a66 youve justmoved into a neighborhood where you find the current public transport is inadequate，and soyou want a new bus line opened to solve the problemwrite aletter to the bus company，1）makinga request for a new bus line：2）statingthe reasons for your request；3）expressingyour eagerness for

43、solutionyou should write about 100 wordsdo not sign your own name at the end of your emailuse“wanglin”insteadyoudo not need to write the addresspart b67look at the picture below and write an essay of about 120words making reference to the following two points：1）adescription of the picture；2）yoursugg

44、estions on how to protect consumersrightsthis is the end of the test参考答案及精析第一部分听力125略第二部分英语知识运用参考译文未来的房子可能是什么样子呢?格雷斯能告诉我们答案。这种房子更为正式的名字叫做微软之家，其高科技设备、设计与建筑方面的改进或许会改变我们对于家的设想。当你进入这个房子时，格雷斯的声音会从一个隐藏着的话筒中传出来，将你的信息传递进去。在厨房里，你将一袋子面粉放在智能设计的石头柜台上时，格雷斯能够看到你正在做什么，他还能将一系列用面粉制作的食品投射在柜台上。你一旦选定一种食品，他就会重复讲述这种食品的制作

45、方法。他甚至知道碗柜里有什么。在不远的将来，你的房子将像一个家庭成员一般。在关于未来家庭的设想中，电脑技术天衣无缝的理念备受重视。在这一理念中，电脑技术无处不在，却又恰到好处，不露痕迹（除了我们需要它的时候）。然而，微软并不是唯一一个探索如何用技术让我们的房子变得更加高效和舒适的公司。在佐治亚理工学院，科学家们正在设计一种能够使老年人独立生活的系统因此，祖母的智能房子能够识别她睡觉、醒来和运动的形态，并由电脑将她的任何变化及时通知她的家人。成天监视着祖母是不是听起来非常令人不安啊? 贝丝迈纳特主任说：“我们很大一部分工作就是研究如何既能够传递信息又不会牺牲隐私。我们也不想制造不必要的担忧。也许

46、她只是花上一天时间静静地看书，而电脑系统却不得不对其加以识别。”26d【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。promotion晋升，宣传；application应用，使用；practice实践，做法，惯例；advance改进，改善。此处意为设计和建筑的改进，所以只有advance符合题意，故选d。27a【精析】本题考查名词常用搭配。the way后接从句，表示的方式。其他选项没有这种用法。故选a。28c【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。image形象；figure身材；voice（特指某人的）声音；sound声音（泛指）。由后文的“coming fromhidden speakers”可知此处指格雷斯的声

47、音，故选c。29c【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。dispose处理，处置；shape使成为形状，塑造；engineer设计；condition调节。此处意为“智能设计”，故选c。30d【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。say说；feel感觉；search搜寻；do做。根据上下文可知，此处意为“看到你正在做什么”。故选d。31b【精析】本题考查连词词义辨析。before在之前；once一旦；since自从以来；unless如果不，除非。根据上下文可知，此处意为“一旦选定一种食品”，故选b。32a【精析】本题考查副词词义辨析。even甚至；thus因此；yet然而；only仅仅，只。根据上下文可知，此

48、处意为“甚至知道碗柜里有什么”。故选a。33d【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。hope希望；passion激情，热爱；faith信念；notion理念。根据上下文可知，此处意为“电脑技术天衣无缝的理念”。故选d。34b【精析】本题考查副词和连词词义辨析。perhaps也许；except除了；provided假如；especially尤其。由上文可知，电脑技术无处不在却又不露痕迹，下文韵意思是“我们需要它的时修”，由此可推知此处所要表达的意思是“除厂我们需要它的时候”，故选b。35c【精析】本题考查连词词义辨析。therefore所以；likewise相似地；however然而；moreover此

49、外，而且。根据上下文可知，此处意为转折，即微软并不是唯一一个探索用技术让我们的房子变得更加舒适的公司。故选c。36a【精忻】本题考查连词词义辨析。how如何，可引导方式状语从句。whether是否；what什么；why为什么，常用于引导原因状语从句。根据上下文可知，此处意为如何用技术让我们的房子变得更加舒适。故选a。37c【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。fashionable时髦的；complicated复杂的；efficient高效的；attractive迷人的。根据上下文可知，此处是指电脑让房子变得更加高效。故选c。38b【精沂】本题考查动词词义辨析。decorate装修；design设计

50、；deliver投递；debate争论。根据上下文可知，此处是指科学家们正在设计一种和老年人生活相关的系统。故选b。39a【精析】本题考查副词词义辨析。independently独立地；enthusiastically热情地；colourfully色彩鲜艳地；satisfactorily满意地。根据下文可知，该系统能够在老人独自生活时监视他们，进而将突发状况告知他们的家人，所以该系统能够使老年人独立生活。故选a。40b 【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。receive收到；recognize识别；represent代表；review复习，审查。根据上下文可知，此处是指该系统能够识别她睡觉、睡醒和运

51、动的形态。故选b。41d【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。warn警告；relieve缓解；advise建议；inform通知。根据上下文可知，此处是指电脑能将任何变化及时通知其家人。故选d。42c【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。interesting有趣的；boring无聊的；disturbing令人担忧的；appealing有趣的。由下文可知，该系统的研究人员在研究如何既能传递信息又不会牺牲隐私，由此可知，成天监视老人一举一动的做法引起了一些人的不安。故选c。43b【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。analysis分析；research研究；concern关心；focus焦点。根据上下文可知，此处

52、说的是该系统研究人员的工作，故选b。44a【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。sacrifice牺牲；affect影响；prevent防止；lose失去。根据上下文可知，此处是指该系统对隐私的影响。故选a。45d【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。unusual非同寻常的；unfortunate不幸的；uncertain不确定的；unnecessary不必要的。根据上下文可知，此处是指“我们也不想制造不必要的担忧”。故选d。第三部分阅读理解partatext 1参考译文凯瑟琳布朗，一位三十七岁的记者，每次和她三四十岁的朋友们在伦敦一间咖啡屋碰面时，她们最爱聊的话题就是“关系”：男人们怠于承担，女人们的自

53、立，还有什么时候要孩子或者，越来越多地谈到到底要不要孩子。“年华流逝，我要孩子的机会也在减少，但是我不会仅为了要孩子而找个人结婚，”布朗说道。对于像布朗一样的人而言，有孩子再好不过了当然如果时机到了。但孩子肯定不是必须的。在世界的许多地方，要孩子都不再是必须的。“从前，不要孩子这个决定对于许多社会中的男男女女都是不可理解的，”伦敦经济学院的弗朗克哈基姆说道。年轻人正在延长他们无予无女的成年时光，推迟生儿育女的年龄，直到他们步入三十，或四十岁，或更久。越来越多的人终生没有孩子。在德国西部，受过大学教育的女性中，百分之三十终生无子女，这一比例在下层男性中正快速增长。在英国，女性无子女的人数在二十年

54、内翻了一番。新近漉行的无子女潮流并没有延续历史的模式。几个世纪以来，四分之一欧洲女性无子女是很寻常的事。但是在过去，无子女常常是因为贫穷或灾害，或是因为战争时期缺少男性。如今，决定要或是不要孩子取决于一系列的因素，包括各类关系、事业机遇、生活方式以及经济状况。某些情况下女性无子女可视为一种沉默的反抗形式。在日本，工作女性几乎孤立无援。照料孩子开销很大，男人不分担，并且许多公司强烈抗议妈妈级女性重新回来工作。“在日本，事业与孩子不可兼得，”作家叶石香织说道。根据最近一项研究表明，不光是女人：不想要孩子，日本的男人更不想结婚生子。日本男人考虑更多的是经济方面的原因。46d细节题。从文章第一段最后一

55、句话“but they are certainly not essential”得知，对布朗和她的朋友来说，孩子肯定不是必须的。故选d。47a【精析】推理题。从文章中得知现代社会妇女生育是综合一系列因素之后做出的决定，是艰难的选择。故选a。48c【精析】细节题。从文章第四段第三句话“but in the past，childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster，of missing men in times of war”可以得知，过去妇女不育是由于一系列不幸的因素。故选c。49d【精析】细节题。从文章第四段第四句话“a child is the resultof a complex combination of factors”得知，不生孩子的原因比过去更复杂。故选d。50b 【精析】细节题。从文章第五段第三句话“child care is expensive，and men dont help out”及最后一句话“their motivations，though，may have