形容词和副词教案

1、形容词和副词13【2013咼考考纲解读】形容词与副词是高考考查的热点，高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及到形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面： 在具体的语境中考查不同形容词意义的区别；考查形容词做状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较； 考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。【重点知识整合】一、 形容词，副词的主要功能形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随原因等。We find the boy con siderate.（宾补）He w

2、alked in the snow, cold and hungry . （伴随状语）Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road.（原因状语）副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。He speak English fairly fluently （修饰性状语）.Fortunately， none of the them was hurt.（评注性状语 ）His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.（

3、连接性状语 ）注意：形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如：He walked home slowly.He arrived home safe.:、形容词的位置：1 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1 修饰 some, any, every, no 禾口 body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高 级或only修饰的名词之后3 Afraid, ashamed, alive,alike, awake,aware, asleep等表语形容词作定语要后置4 和空间、时间、单位连用时5 形容词短语一般后置个别

4、形容词前置和后置意义不同no body abse nt, everythi ng possiblethe best book available, the only solutionpossiblethe only pers on awakea bridge 50 meters longa man difficult to get on withthe members present（在场的，出席的）the present situation（现在的）the concerned parents （焦虑的）the students concerned（有关的）2 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：

5、多个形容词作定语排列的顺序 口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+ size （小） + shape （形状）+ age （年龄、时间）+ color （颜色）+ origin （国籍、来源）+ material （材料）+ purpose （目的）+ 名词。如: the man s first tow interesting little red French oil paintings.a small round tablea tal l gray buildi nga dirty old brow n shirt

6、a famous Germa n medical school an expe nsive Japa nese sports car多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，要从以下几个方面把握其顺序。（1 ）表示不定、泛指意义的多类形容词修饰同一中心词的顺序为：限定词+ 一般描绘性形容词+大小（长短、高低）类+形状（新旧、年龄）类+颜色类+来源（国籍、地区、出处）类 +物质（材料、质地）类 +用途（类别、功能、作用）类 +中心名词。例如a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room. 口诀记忆：美小圆旧黄 法国木书房（2）限定词分类：

7、前位限定：all, both, half, double，倍数，分数中位限定：冠词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, much, whose等后位限定： 基数、序数及 little, few, last, next, other, another, more, less, several 等（3）限定词顺序：前位+中位+后位+中心词。例如：all these last few days ； some beautiful little r ed flowers注：前位、中位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰同一中心词，但后位限定词可以，位置较

8、固定。体会:the first two chapters;the n ext few weeks ;ano ther two boys;three other girls;any （no, few, three） such books3. ly结尾的形容词 -ly是副词的后缀，但有些形容词以ly结尾。friendly友好的；sisterly姐妹般的；lovely可爱的；womanly像女人的；silly傻的；ugly丑陋的；elderly较老的；oily多油的；Ionely孤独的。三、副词1）副词的分类:1时间副词soon, now, early, fin ally, once, recen

9、tly5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, whe n, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly,7连接副词how, whe n, where, why, whether, however, mean while4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why2）副词作状语(1) 有些副词像

10、 fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等做评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。如：Surpris in gly, no one in the class could work out the problem.Pers on ally, I dont think he will in terview you.主：连接副词图表及运用(2 )还有些副词其连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有:意义词汇表示列举和顺序

11、First(ly),sec on d(ly), the n, n ext, fin ally ,last表示意义增补和引申Also, besides, furthermore, moreover表示意义等冋Equally, similarly表示结果therefore, thus, con seque ntly表示推论Otherwise表示换个说法Rather, alter natively表示意义转折In stead, still, though, yet, however,表示让步An yhow, any way表示时间过度Mea nwhile, mea ntimeI am wrong.

12、Similarly, you are to blame. 我错了 .同样地，你也该受到谴责。He was dow n with the flu, and therefore could nt come to the party.Seize the chan ce. Otherwise youll regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves.He forgot to tur n on the radio and thus miss

13、ed the program.It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.可能下雪，但我无论如何要进城。He said he would come, he did nt, though.Mother went shopp ing; mean while, I clea ned the house.四、兼有两种形式的副词(1)不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念。high空间咼度Do you see that butte rfly flying high above the street?highly表示咼程度The distinguished gue

14、sts were highly praised.贵兵们受至U了咼度赞扬deep空间深度They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。deeply 深深地 You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。close接近地，紧紧地She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。closely 仔细地，严密地 The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。【 close; closely】close 意为 “靠近；挨近；接近 ”。如： He liv

15、es close to the school. 他住得靠近学校。 closely 意为 “紧密地；严密地；紧紧地；仔细地 ”。如： She is following the matter closely.【 deep; deeply】deep多用于具体的、有形的场合。如：They had to dig deep to find water.注意以下几个搭配： deep into the night 到深夜 deep in reading a book 专心致志地读书deep in work (study, thought) 埋头工作(学习，沉思)deeply 多用于抽象的或比喻的场合，意为 “

16、深刻地；强烈地 ”。如：We love our motherland deeply. 我们深深地热爱我们的祖国。【 free freely 】free常用在动词后面，意为 免费地；自由地”女口：You can eat free in my restaura nt. freely意为 随意地；直率地；不受限制地；不受阻碍地 ”。如： You can speak freely in front of me. 【hard; hardly】 hard 意为 “努力地；猛烈地；费力地；用功地；拼命地 ”。如： It rained hard yesterday.hardly 意为 “几乎不；简直没有 ”。

17、如： I can hardly recognize him.【 fair; fairly 】fair 用作副词，意为 “公平地；正面地 ”，常出现在以下短语中。play fair公平地比赛hit fair正面打过去fair and square正大光明地fairly意为 公正地；公平地；诚实地 ”，与形容词 fair 相对应。如： We should treat everybody fairly.fairly 还可用作表示程度的副词，意为 “相当地 ”。如： She plays the piano fairly well.【 high; highly】high 作副词用时，指的是具体的 “高”

18、。如： We flew high in the sky.highly作副词用时，表示的是抽象的高度”意思相当于 very much。如：He is highly paid.注意一些固定词组： aim high 向高处瞄准，心怀大志live high 过奢侈的生活【 just; justly 】just 作副词用时，意为 “正是；就是；刚才；简直太”。如：This is just what I want.justly 作副词用时，意为 “公正地；合理地；公平地”。如：He was justly punished for his crimes.【 late; lately 】late用作副词时，意

19、为迟到地；过晚地 ”女口： We always work late at night.lately用作副词，意为最近，不久之前 ”相当于recently或not long ago。如： He hasn t seen Jim lately.注意：as late as与 as lately as都有 近到；直到的意思，用法相同。女口：I saw him as late (lately) as yesterday.【 most; mostly】most是much的最高级，也可构成形容词和副词的最高级。女口： Which part of the concert did you like most?在较

20、正式的文体里，most用于加强语气，前面可以加不定冠词，意为非常；极其”。Hangzhou is a most beautiful city. 杭州是一个非常美丽的城市。mostly 意为 “主要地；几乎全部；在大多数场合 ”。如： This drink is mostly sugar and water.【 near; nearly 】near作为畐U词，意为离 不远； 近令邻 ” 女口： The train came nearer and nearer.nearly 作为副词，意为 “几乎；差不多；将近 ”。如： The child slipped and nearly fell.【 pr

21、etty; prettily 】pretty作为副词，意为 十分地；相当地”与rather的意思相近。如：A girl aged 25 is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.prettily 作为副词，意为 “漂亮地 ”。如： Sometimes Miss Zhao is prettily dressed.【 wide; widely 】wide 作为副词，意为 “广大地；张得很大、宽；充分地；全部地；完全地”，表示状态和结果。如：“ Open your mouth wide, ” said the (大夫说:张大嘴。”widely作为副词，意为 广泛

22、地；大大地；广博地；在许多地方”，表示 程度和范围。如：En glish is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。【easy; easily】easy作为副词，只出现在某些短语中，常用于口语中。如：Easier said than don e. Easy come, easy go.easily作为副词，意为容易地；不费力地；无疑地 ”。女口： He won the race easily.【short; shortly 】short作为副词，意为突然地；短暂地；简短地；提早地 ”。女口：She spoke short at the mee

23、ting.shortly作为副词，意为不久；立刻；简短地 ”。女口：He is shortly to leave for Japan.注意：short用作副词时，常用在一些固定词组中。如：cut sb./sth. short 结束或中断go short of 欠缺 run short of 用完【clean; cleanlyclean作为副词，意为径直地；完全地”。女口： I clean forgot about it.我完全忘记它了。cleanly作为副词，意为 干净利落地”。女口：The knife doesn t cut clearly把刀切起来不利落。【clear; clearly c

24、lear 作为副词，意为完全地；径直地 ”。女口：You can see clear to the mountains today.The prisoner got clear away. 这个囚犯逃得无影无踪。clearly作为副词，意为 清楚地；显而易见地 ”。女口： Can you see clearly from here?【dead; deadlydead 作为副词，意为突然地；完全地”。女口：He was dead tired. The wind was dead against us. deadly作为副词，意为死一般地；极度地；致命地 ”。女口：deadly pale dead

25、ly seriousdirect; directly direct作为副词，意为直线地；不绕圈子地 ”。女口：The train goes there direct.directly作为副词，意为 直接地(反义为间接地)；立刻；马上”。女口：She answered me very directly and openly.I ll be there directly.【考题示例 After watch ing the movie Avadar, Mary lay in bed with her eyes ope n while all her familywereasleep. D. wide

26、; sound(2) 两种形式，词义差别较大）1 late 晚You have come too late.lately 最近 What have you been doing lately?free 免费 You can eat free in my restaura nt whe never you like.freely 自由地 You may speak freely; say what you like.most 很，非常，最He is most kind to me.mostly 主要地，大部分She is mostly at home on Sun days.J hard 努力地

27、 Think harder.hardly 几乎不，简直不I can hardly understand you.五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型句型（1） as + adj./ adv.原级 + as / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级 +as注意：当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式。This is as good an example as the other is. = This is an example as good as the other is.句型（2） adj./ adv.比较级 + than / less + adj./ adv.原级 + thanYo

28、u are less tall tha n I.注意：比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have n ever read a better story.句型（3） the +最高级 + of/ among+同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词 /定语从句（have ever）This cake is the most delicious of all/ i n the shop/ I have ever had.注意：当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常，相当于very，此时没有比较概念。例如:Stee

29、l is most useful / a most useful material in in dustry. ”否定词语+比较级”，”否定词语+ soas结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. We couldn t feel better.（4）比较等级的修饰语 强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far 等修饰。注意

30、：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the 如: He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。 原级可被 very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly 等等修饰。句型（4） the+比较级，the

31、+比较级。表示 越越The more you practise , the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。（1）双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用比较级 （+ than） ”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另方隐藏起来的情况。句型（5）表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级+than的结构表示。This room is less beautiful than that one.比较级+ and +比较级”的结构，意思是 越The girl becomes more and more beautiful.I couldn t agree mo我非

32、常同意。句型（6）不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用来越。女口： The weather is getting colder and colder.（8）三者及其以上之间的比较，要用最高级。（9）否定词+比较级，可以用来表达最高级的意思。如：（10）某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior （劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于 ）、junior （资历较浅的）、senior （资格较老的）、prior （在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.（11）用介词by表示相差的程度。H

33、e is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。（12）more., than. 表示 如口其说不如说。It is more blue than green.六、倍数的表达的常用句型句型（1） A is three / fourtimes the size / height / length / width.of B. 如:The n ewly broade ned square id four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。句型（2） A is three / four.times as big

34、/ high / long / wide.as B. 如:This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。句型（3） A is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / widerthan B. 如:The dict ionary is exactly five times more expe nsive tha n that one.七、形容词、副词重难点透视1考查比较级中比较范围和对象的一致性在比较级结构中，互比对象要一致，切不能相互包容。体会下面几种表达方式：（1）比较的范

35、围= tha n any of the other+ 复结构（1）than any other+ 单数名词= than any+单数名词 +else数名词 （同一范畴的比较 ）= than any of the others= than all the other+ 复数名词 （all theothers）China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any country else in Asia.China is larger tha n any of the other coun tries in

36、 Asia.结构（2）than any other +复数名词= than any+单数名词= than any of the+复数名词（不同范畴的比较）China is larger than any other countries in Africa. China is larger than any country in Africa.China is larger than any of the countries in Africa.（2）比较的对象：互比对象一致时为避免重复，常用that或those表示特定指代，不定的指代用one（复数形式用ones）。 The weather h

37、ere is warmer tha n that of Shan ghai. The radios made in our factory are better tha n those in your factory. I prefer a street in a small tow n to one in such a large city as Shan ghai. The house built of brick last Ion ger tha n that of wood.2. 考查否定的隐含比较和省略现象在实际运用中，比较的对象在上下文中经常隐含、省略，而借助否定意义来考查比较级的

38、应用已成为困绕学生的一大难点。体会：（1） John feels better, please don t wi在与过去比）（2）We all hope to live in a better world.（现在与将来比）（3） Things can t be worse! Why don t you do anything to stop th将来（的情况与现在比 ）（4） He had never spent a more worrying day.（过去与过去以前比 ）（5 ）常见句型结构（1）:否定词（n ever ,not noth in g.）+ 比较级,表达最高级概念 Nothi

39、 ng is more valuable than health.结构（2）:否定词（n ever ,n ot noth in g.）+so +adj+as,表达最高级概念No ne is so bli nd as those who wontsee.3. 考查多个形容词作定语的词序问题多个形容词修饰同一中心名词，词序的排列是记忆的难点和重点。【考题示例】A. pretty little Spa nish（1）Thisgirl is Linda s cousin.（2）The husba nd gave his wifeevery month in order to please her. D

40、. all his half in come（3）Thehouse smells as if it hasn t been lived An fotediise wooden 4考查形容词、副词词义的辩析问题近几年高考不仅加强了对语义的考查，而且更注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。做题时，要结合语境,partly部分地 occasi on ally 偶然地 eventually 最终地 eagerly急切地 basically基本地 purposefully 故意地particularly 尤其、特别 namely即，也就是 narrowly勉强地 extremely极限，非常 especially尤

41、其、特别 generously 慷慨地obviously显而易见地frankly空白地，坦白地 gradually逐渐地n aturally自然而然地accide ntally偶然地unfortun ately 不幸地patiently耐心地environmentally 环保地（的）注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析，作出正确选择。知识链接：常考易考型副词归类5. 考查倍数表达的常用句型【注意】用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。6. 考查特殊结构和固定搭配问题形容词、副词部分有许多特殊结构和表达方式，归纳与考点有密切联系的部分如下：特殊结

42、构(1): toot句型的两个意义表示否定意义，意为太而不能”。女口：This question is too hard for me to understand.这个问题太难，我理解不了。The flower is too beautiful to last. 花太美，难经久。表示肯定意义，意为 非常，很，极”。当 too后面接 easy, ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful , delighted 等形容词时，too表示 很，非常之意，与very表达 很的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时， 形成only too/but

43、 /all too to结构，仍旧表达 非常，很，极之意。特殊结构(2): A is to B what C is to D. 至于B就如C至于D。 ”Engines are to mach ines as hearts are to ani mals.特殊结构(2): than的习惯短语more than超过，多于；十分，非常；不仅仅 ”I was more tha n surprised at his sudde n arrival.对他的突然至 U来我非常吃惊。more.than 与其一不女口 ”He was more frighte ned tha n hurt. It had mor

44、e the characteristic of a foolish dream tha n of a ni ghtmare.rather than 而非，不”宁愿一也不 ” (would/had rather.than)Hr resig ned rather tha n take part in such a dish on est tran sacti on.I would rather have the small one than the big one. I would rather you came tomorrow than today. Rather tha n take a b

45、us to school, Id prefer to walkother than常译为 除之外”“同于”；在否定结构中，形成no/not/nothing/other than的结构搭配。 常译为 正是、恰好是”，除了别无”。It was no other than my old friend Jones.At that time I had no other choice than follow them aimlessly.Un til very rece ntly no school less ons were held in Ian guages other tha n En glis

46、h.There are no other tha n so deaf as those who will not hear.The result was quite other tha n we had expected.nothing else than 仅仅； 完全地 ” (only, entirely )His failure was due to nothing else tha n his own careless ness.more than a little 非常，很”。She was more than a little sad when saying“ Goodbye ” t

47、o her boy friend.more often than not经常，在大多数情况下 ”More ofte n tha n not things that lead to happ in ess in volve some pain.Joh n is a fairly good runner. He wins more ofte n tha n not.【高频考点突破】考点一、倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)A is +倍数+比较级+ tha n+ B(2)A is +倍数+ as+原级+ as+ B(3) A is +倍数+ the+ 名词(size, length , height

48、 等)+ of + BA is +倍数+ that+ of + B(5)A is +倍数+ what引导的名词性从句 This buildi ng is three times higher tha n that one.This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012. = The output of this year is 3 times

49、what it was in 20012. After the new technique was introduced , the factory produced twice as many cars in 2012as the year before. 考点二：形容词副词的比较级和最高级1. “我形容词+ (a/a n) +名词+ as策示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is gen erally believed that teach ing is as much an art as it is a scie nee.2. “我形容词/副词的原级+ as与“

50、notas/so+形容词/副词的原级+ as策示同级比较，即两个或两部分 人或物在性质上或程度上相同（不同）。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagi ne.3. “th。比较级+ of the two +名词表示 两者中较 的那个”The taller of the two boys is my brother.4. a+形容词比较级+ n.After two years resewi have a far better un dersta nding of the disease.We went to the USA in search of

51、 a better life.5. 比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still , even, far, any（用于否定句或疑问句 ），a lot, a little , a great deal, by far, a bit 等。The stude nts study even harder tha n before. A car runs a great deal faster tha n a bike.6. 最高级（1）最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly , almost, by no means, not really , not qui

52、te , nothinglike。The bridge being built now is by far the Ion gest across the Yellow River.I d like to buy the second most expensive camera.（2）否定词+比较级=最高级。There is no greater love tha n that of a man who lays dow n his life for his frien ds.Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? No.It c

53、ouldn t have been worse.考点三、形容词、副词的基本用法1 .形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。After the long journey , the three of them went back home , hungry and tired.2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, （ever）sinee, in case等He is old.He works hard , though. = Though he is old , he works hard.3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obvious

54、ly , naturally , surprisingly等Fort un ately , he was not drow ned and was saved by the PLA.Happily for her , her stepmother was kind to her.4. can not/never与enough或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越 越好。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden , a car cut in and knocked me down.You can n ever be too care

55、ful in the street.【难点探究】1. 考查形容词与副词的基本用法形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、副词或句子等。这是有关形容词和副词的最基本的用法。【例】 How much bettershe looked without her glasses!A. wellB. goodC. bestD.better【例】It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step makes a big differenee.A. exactlyB. fortun atelyC. surprisinglyD. hardly【例】In the good care of the nurses , the boy is reco