Intonation语调

1、Intonation 语调语调就好像是一种语言的乐谱，每一拍都有自己的意思，语调赋予语言以旋律。英语有许多声调的变化，这些声调表达了所说一切内容带有的情绪和感情。不同的语句 语调模式也不一样。Three Ways to Make Intonation语调的三种表达方法不同的语调究竟是如何实现的？当你在念到句子的主要部分或当你要重读一个词时，语调又会有怎样的变化？在这里，我们来讨论三种表达语调时重读单词的方法。1. 大点声或者提高你的音量。这并不是很复杂的做法，不过，你肯定会吸引别人的注意力。I didnt say he stole the money.2.把你要引起别人注意的单词拉长或延伸单词

2、的发音。I didnt saaaaaay he stole the money.3.声调的变化I didnt (pause) say he stole the money.Reasons for Intonation语调变化的原因1. New Information 新信息It sounds like rain.Rain is the new information. Its the most important word in the sentence.Rain(雨)是新的信息，是这个句子中最重要的单词。2. Opinion 观点It sounds like rain, but I dont

3、 think it is.In this case, intonation makes the meaning the opposite of what the words say.在这个句子里，语调使它的意思正好与字面意思相反。3. Contrast 对比He likes rain, but he hates snow.Like and hate are contrasted and are the stronger words in the sentence.like和hate正好形成对比，是这个句子里最有力的两个单词。4. Negative 否定The rain didnt affect

4、 his plans, though.Didnt negate the meanings of the following words.Didnt正好否定了它后面谓语动词的意思。Stress and Meaning Shifts重读与词义的变化Intonation is powerful. It can change meaning and pronunciation. 语调的作用是非常大的，它可以改变词义和单词的拼写。I have two.I have too.I have to.How many kids do you have?I have two.Ive been to Europe.

5、I have too.Why do you work so hard?I have to.Intonation Patterns 语调模式1 Statements 陈述句1 陈述客观事实的陈述句：语调在句子的最后稍微下降。Shes my sister.Were going to visit them.Hes here.I have a dog.Its beautiful.We love it.Hes here, but she isnt.I have a dog, and you have a cat.Shes my sister and hes my cousin.When I see hi

6、m, Ill tell him.After you get here, have a cup of coffee.2 表达惊讶、激动、生气、恐惧，或其它强烈情绪的陈述句：语调仍要在句子的最后稍微下降。Amsterdam is one of the most beautiful cities Ive ever seen!I cant believe he actually said that to you!3祈使句：祈使句用来告诉别人去做某事。普通祈使句就像普通陈述句一样用降调。不过在比较客气的祈使句中，声调一般比陈述句高，这些祈使句通常由could或would开始。Put the letter

7、 in the mailbox.Bring me a cup of coffee.Tell me where the bus stop is.Could you please put this letter in the mailbox for me?Would you bring me a cup of coffee please?Could you please tell me where the bus stop is?4 点数和罗列：在这些句子中，除最后一项外，每一项声调都上扬。声调在最后一项要降下来。One, two, three, four, five.Four hundred a

8、nd thirty-seven, four hundred and thirty-eight, four hundred and thirty-nine, four hundred and forty.I need shoes, socks, shirts, and pants.He ate two hamburgers, french fries, and an ice cream.She likes perfume, chocolates, flowers, and money.2 Questions 疑问句1 Yes / No Questions: Your voice goes up

9、at the end.用Yes或No回答的一般疑问句：声调在句尾上扬。Are you hungry?Do you like ice cream?Does she want to go swimming?2 Tag questions 反意问句反意疑问句就是前一部分是一个陈述句，后面再跟一个问题。表达自信、说话人的把握较大、寻求肯定或需要证实的时候，用降调。表达不确定、说话人的把握不大、需要了解情况的时候，用升调。Hes coming, isnt he?Youre a lawyer, arent you?My sister told you, didnt she?Youll come to my

10、 party, wont you?Its snowing, isnt it?The housekeeper left, didnt she?表示不满的反意问句：声调在句子的两部分都下降。Hes coming, isnt he?Youre a lawyer, arent you?My sister told you, didnt she?Youll come to my party, wont you?3 Information Questions: The voice generally drops at the end.特殊疑问句：声调在句尾处下降。When are you going?Wh

11、o is the teacher?Why are you crying?Where did he go?What time is it?Where are you going?Why dont you take the bus?When does the show begin?不过，如果你想你的话听起来比较不生硬的话，声调在句尾上扬能使音调柔和些。When does the show begin?What time is it?How much is the movie?4 Questions with suggested answer: Voice should drop at the en

12、d of first part and rises at the suggested answer.设问句：声调在问句第一部分的结尾下降和在暗示答案结尾上扬。When are you going, Friday?Who is the teacher, Miss Smith?Why are you crying, to make me feel bad?Where did he go, to the movies?The answers to this type of questions have their own pattern.这类问题的答案也有独特的语调模式。Yes. Friday.No

13、. Miss Jones.No. I cant help it.Yes. To the movies.5 表示恼怒的问题：声调在句尾上扬。Why do you ask?When is he coming?Where did you hear that?Who did this to you?6 选择性疑问句：如果是一般疑问句，声调在第一个选择处上扬，在第二个选择下降。Would you like potatoes or carrots?No, I would rather have fruit.Are you unhappy or uncomfortable?No, I feel just f

14、ine.Will he eat ice cream or cake? Yes, he probably will. But he should be on a diet. Would you like a drink or something?Yes, please, Im thirsty.Would you like potatoes or carrots?I would like carrots.Are you unhappy or uncomfortable?Im unhappy.Will he eat ice cream or cake?Hell have cake.7 如果你想核对一些事情或需要某些东西被重复的话，你的声调应该在句尾上扬，就跟用Yes或No回答的一般疑问句一样。Its going to be over 100 to