计算机科学与技术英文文献

1、Introduction to ASP.NET DevelopmentTo overcome the performance and scalability problems that CGI brings, Microsoft developed a new way for developers to build scalable applications. This high performance alternative is called the Internet Server Application Programming Interface(ISAPI). Instead of h

2、ousing functionality in executable files, ISAPI uses DLLs. Using DLLs instead of executable programs has some definite performance and scalability advantagesThe ISAPI extension could also be called with arguments that will allow a single ISAPI extension to perform multiple tasks. Just as in the CGI

3、example, the directory must have execute permissions enabled, or the DLL will be downloaded to the client rather than run on the server. ISAPI extensions are typically used to process client requests and output a response as HTML, which is very similar to the way CGI programs are used.ISAPI filters

4、perform a function that cant be directly duplicated with CGI applications. ISAPI filters are never explicitly called; instead, they are called by IIS in response to certain events in the life of a request. The developer can request that an ISAPI filter be called whenever any of the following events

5、occur:1When the server has preprocessed the client headers2When the server authenticates the client3When the server is mapping a logical URL to a physical URL4Before raw data is sent from the client to the server5After raw data is sent from the client to the server but before the server processes it

6、6When the server logs information7When the session is endingAs with any filter, ISAPI filters should request only the notifications it requires and process them as quickly as possible. One of the more common uses of ISAPI filters is to provide custom authentication. Another use is to modify the HTML

7、 that will be sent to the client. For example, an ISAPI filter could be used to change the background color of each page. Because ISAPI filters arent nearly as common as ISAPI extensions, I wont cover them any further in this book. If you want to learn more about ISAPI extensions, you can check out

8、my book Inside Server-Based Applications (Microsoft Press, 1999).ISAPI specifies several entry-point functions that must be exported from the DLL. Using these entry points, IIS can load the DLL; call the functions that it implements, passing in parameters as required; and receive the data to write b

9、ack to the browser. ISAPI requires only two entry-point functions to be implemented these entry points, IIS can load the DLL; call the functions that it implements, passing in parameters as required; and receive the data to write back to the browser. ISAPI requires only two entry-point functions to

10、be implementedA Better Solution: Active Server PagesIf youre wondering why weve dwelt on the alternatives to ASP.NET in a book about programming ASP.NET, the answer lies in the details of the implementation of ASP.NET and its predecessor, Active Server Pages (ASP). Understanding ISAPI is required fo

11、r adept understanding of ASP and thus ASP.NET.During the beta of IIS 2.0, which became part of Windows NT 4.0, Microsoft introduced a new technology initially codenamed “Denali.” This was during Microsofts “Active” period and so the technology was eventually named Active Server Pages, or ASP. Severa

12、l versions of ASP.NET have been released, most notably the versions included with Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack (ASP 2.0 and IIS 4.0) and Windows 2000 (ASP 3.0 and IIS 5.0). For the purposes of this discussion, Ill consider ASP as a whole, without referring to version differencesASP.NET became an insta

13、nt hit, in large part because it made something that was difficult(create dynamic Web content) relatively easy. Creating CGI applications and ISAPI applications wasnt terribly difficult, but using ASP was much simpler By default, ASP uses VBScript. Literally millions of developers are at least somew

14、hat familiar with Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), or VBScript. For these developers, ASP was the way to enter the Internet age. Certainly the developers could have learned a new programming language, but they didnt have to with ASP. Partly because of its use of VBScript, ASP becam

15、e a viable way to build Web applications.Just as important was the relatively easy access to databases allowed through Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). When you need to generate dynamic content, that dynamic content obviously needs to come from somewhere, and ADO made it easy to get at that dat

16、a.Finally, and perhaps most important, the ASP.NET development model allowed developers to essentially write code and run it. There was no need to perform compilation or elaborate installation steps. the ASP.NET architects were careful to capture this same development model, even though whats going

17、on under the covers is quite a bit different.A New Solution: ASP.NETWhen version 3.0 of ASP.NET was released along with Windows 2000, it became clearer that the future of software development was closely tied to the future of the Web. As part of its .NET initiative, Microsoft has introduced ASP.NET,

18、 a new version of ASP that retains the model of development ASP developers have come to know and love: you can create the code and place it in the correct directory with the proper permissions, and it will just work. ASP.NET also introduces innovations that allow easier separation of the development

19、 of the core of an application and its presentation.ASP.NET adds many features to and enhances many of the capabilities in classic ASP.ASP.NET isnt merely an incremental improvement to ASP; its really a completely new product, albeit a new product designed to allow the same development experience th

20、at ASP developers have enjoyed. Here are some of the notable features of ASP.NET:.NET Framework: The .NET Framework is an architecture that makes it easier to design Web and traditional applications.Common language runtime: The common language runtime provides a set of services for all ASP.NET langu

21、ages. If youre an ASP developer who has had to combine ASP scripting with COM objects, youll appreciate the beauty of a common set of types across many languages.Compiled languages:ASP.NET provides enhanced performance through the use of compiled languages. Compiled languages allow the developer to

22、verify that code is at least syntactically correct. ASP doesnt provide any such facility, so simple syntax errors might not be caught until the first time the code is executed.Cool new languages Visual Basic: .NET is a completely new version of Visual Basic that provides a new, cleaner syntax. C# is

23、 a new language designed to look and feel a lot like C+, but without some of the unsafe features that make C+ difficult to use to create reliable applications. These two languages are available out of the box, but other languages will be available from third parties as well. As of this writing, COBO

24、L and Eiffel implementations should be available for Visual Studio .NET as well.Visual Studio .NET: Visual Studio .NET is a cool new development environment that brings rapid application development (RAD) to the server.Improved components: The .NET Framework supports the use of new types of componen

25、ts that can be conveniently replaced in a running application.Web Forms: Web Forms allow Visual Basiclike development, with event handlers for common HTML widgets.XML Web services: XML Web services enable developers to create services and then make them available using industry standard protocols.AD

26、O.NET: ADO for the .NET Framework is a new version of the technology that allows ASP.NET applications to more conveniently get at data residing in relational databases and in other formats, such as Extensible Markup Language (XML.)ConclusionThis brief history of Web development should provide you wi

27、th a foundation as you continue reading about ASP.NET. Learning a programming language or development environment is much like learning a human language. Although books that cover the syntax and vocabulary are helpful, its often just as useful to understand the history of the people who use the lang

28、uage.If youre an ASP.NET developer, much of this chapter might be a review for you, but I hope that youve added something to your understanding of the history of ASP.NET. If youre new to ASP and ASP.NET, understanding the history of ASP and what came before it will be useful as you begin to explore

29、the exciting new technologies that make up ASP.NET.About ASP.NETASP.NET Active Server Aside from the burden is not only (ASP) version of the next; It also provides a unified Web development models, including the development of enterprise-class Web applications generated personnel for the various ser

30、vices. ASP.NET grammar largely compatible with ASP, it also provides a new programming model and structure, flexibility and stability can produce better applications, and to provide better security protection. Through the existing ASP applications, ASP.NET gradually add functions to enhance ASP appl

31、ications functions.When building ASP.NET applications, developers can use Web or XML Web services, or in any manner they deemed appropriate portfolio. Each functional access to the same support structure, so that you can use as a certification program, buffer frequently used data, or configuration o

32、f applications for self definition, only listed a few possibilities here.You can use Web-based generation of powerful the Web page. These generated pages, can be used to build public complaints ASP.NET server UI elements, and programming for the implementation of their common task. You can use these

33、 complaints to the building or from reusable components generated Web definition, thus simplifying the code page. For more information, please see Web pages. XML Web services provide a means of remote access server functions. Use XML Web services, enterprises can open data or business logic programm

34、ing interface, and client-server applications and can acquire and operate these programming interfaces. Through the use of information such as web and XML standards such as the transmission of data across mobile firewall, XML Web services to customers - in-server or server-server programmed for data

35、 exchange. XML Web services without relying on specific components or technology transfer targets agreed. Therefore, the use of any language, using any component model, operating system and in any operating procedures can visit XML Web services.ASP.NET and. Net Framework version 1.1 installed, as ea

36、ch part of the Windows Server 2003 series products. You can add it through the control panels for the new procedures, or use of your server guide opening it. In addition, according to this theme later introduced with Windows XP Professional or Windows 2000 Server computer installed ASP.NET process d

37、ownloading 1.0. Installed Visual Studio. Net will also install 1.0.Use of your server guide, in the operation of the Windows Server 2003 server installed ASP.NET .In the mission column, hit start button and then hit the management of your servers, in the management of your servers window, hit Add or

38、 remove players. In the configuration of your server guide, hit the next step in the server roles, selected application servers (IIS, ASP.NET), and then hit next. applications server option, hit the opening ASP.NET of, hit the next and then hit next. If necessary, inserted in CD-ROM drive Windows Se

39、rver 2003 installation CD, and then hit the next step. Installation completed, hit the completion.The use of add / delete process in operating the Windows Server 2003 server installed ASP.NET. In the mission column, hit start button, pointing to control panels and then hit the add or delete procedur

40、es. Windows components guides, components box, hit the application server of, then hit the next step. When the Windows components guides configuration End Windows Server 2003, hit the completion. In Windows Server 2003 series products in China by opening ASP.NET Server Management Column in the missi

41、on, hit start button and then hit the operation. In the operation open box, the importation and then hit determined. .Server management machine, a local computer and then hit Web service expansion. Panes right, hit ASP.NET and then hit allowed. ASP.NET state then changed to allow. In operation runni

42、ng Windows XP Professional or Windows 2000 computer, download and install ASP.NET. If necessary, install and start IIS. On the installation, please refer to the operating system files. At /downloads/default.asp, a Software Development Kits (software development kits), hit the

43、 Microsoft. net Framework SDK, and then read the page on the SDK download requests, notes and choice. Hit for download option, and read the end-user licensing agreements, and then hit the yes (is). document downloaded, download options to preserve documents, the choice to install procedures and docu

44、ments downloaded to personal tale of folder, and then hit the preservation. Check up on the latest personal tale of any document. Download documents located in the folder, Net Framework installation procedures Setup.exe.If you have IIS installed and activated, the installation of ASP.NET and. Net Fr

45、amework, deployed applications and requests a page, but received one of the following error message, indicating the Web site has not been for the establishment of an appropriate authority or directory :C:InetpubWwwroot catalogue visit was denied. Failure to start monitoring directory changes. Server

46、 applications to visit catalogue C:InetpubWwwroot Virtual Directory Name . The catalogue does not exist or could not be visited for security establishment.At root Web site or any virtual directory, ASP.NET needs ASP.net account (Aspnet_wp.exe process account) the retrieval, delivery and set limits.

47、These must be installed, ASP.NET can visit the contents of documents and surveillance document changes. Requests the Executive next steps corrected the problem.Web site or virtual directory in the root of adding ASP.net account retrieval, delivery and competence listed In Windows resources managemen

48、t devices, to browse Web sites containing roots(acquiescence to the establishment of : C:InetpubWwwroot) or the virtual directory folder. In the safe choice card, hit Add. Import Computer Name ASPNET (for example, in the computer named Web imported WebASPNET), and then hit determined. Allow ASP.net

49、account the following date: retrieval and implementation, a folder content, retrieval. Attention if the Everyone (Everyone) group or users group to retrieve root Web site or virtual directory, there would be no need to implement these steps.In Windows 2003 domain controller server, ASP.NET applicati

50、ons to network service identity operation (nothing to do with IIS isolation mode). In some cases, the domain controller function ASP.NET request to take additional steps to make your normal installation. 1.1 operating in the domain controller on the issue of the potential problems more information,

51、Please see Microsoft knowledge base article Q IWAM Account is Not Granted the Impersonate Privilege for ASP.NET 1.1 on Windows 2000 Domain Controller with SP4 (SP4 installed in the Windows 2000 domain controller, not to IWAM account for ASP.NET 1.1 simulation Privileges), Web site knowledge base for

52、 . In the domain controller function. Net Framework 1.0 more information, Please see Microsoft knowledge base article Q, ASP.NET Does Not Work with the Default ASP.net Account on a Domain Controller (with the domain controller, not the ASP.NET acquiescence ASP.net account

53、work), Web site knowledge base for .Author: ouglas J. TomFrom: Microsoft ASP.NET Applications微软ASP.NET设计应用因特网服务器应用程式介面：CGI具有扩充性能和克服的问题的能力，是微软公司开发的一种新的方式开发建设规模的应用。这就是所谓的替代high performance互联网服务器应用程式介面(ISAPI)。代替了housing功能编程档案，ISAPI使用DLLs。 利用DLLs代替了复杂的编写程序的过程，同其它软件比较DLLs具有很大的优

54、势，在性能上也有所扩充。ISAPI在功能上有所扩展，它可以向用户提出要求，使单一ISAPI扩展执行多种任务。就像CGI的例子一样, ISAPI再使用时必须使用目录执行许可认证, 或利用DLL下载客户端，而不是直接在服务器上使用，ISAPI扩展通常用来处理用户的要求做出回应，这和使用CGI的方式非常类似。凡是直接与CGI重复的申请必须经过ISAPI的过滤器。但是，ISAPI过滤器没有明确的要求，相反，它们被称为to certain针对IIS的生活事件要求，发展商在任何一种称为ISAPI过滤器的事件发生后，才能提出要求，据体发生事件如下：1当服务器发生客户邀请事件时。2当客户使用真实服务器时。3当

55、服务器从逻辑URL绘制物理URL图形时。4在原始数据由客户发送给服务器时。5在原始数据由客户发送到服务器,但在服务器程序运行之前时。6当信息服务器原数据时。7在协议结束时。因为有过滤、ISAPI过滤器只通知要求,然后服务器就会尽快处理要求。其中较常见的是使用ISAPI过滤器提供认证风俗。另一个是使用HTML修改文本,然后服务器会自动将其送交给客户端，号下面我来举一个例子，可以用ISAPI过滤器的背景颜色来改变每一个页面的颜色，这是由于ISAPI过滤器几乎是共同的ISAPI扩展，但是由于本文的篇幅有限，所以，我们不能在这本书中进一步介绍它，如果你想了解更多的关于ISAPI扩展方面的知识，你可以看

56、看我的书的服务器应用这一章节的内容，ISAPI几个具体的起点职务,必须由DLL输出，同时利用这些切入点, IIS可以负荷的DLL，功能要求它执行, 在经过必要的参数，接收数据和写回浏览器。ISAPI只需两起实施这些功能点切入点，一个更好的方法：活跃服务器页。如果你想知道我们为什么要编注一本关于ASP.NET在在程序应用的书，那么我们就会告诉你，其实它的答案在于ASP.NET执行的具体细节及其前身, 活跃服务器页(ASP)。在这之前，我们需要了解ISAP与Iadeeper的联系,只有这样才能了解ASP.NET。 IIS2.0是WindowsNT4.0的一部分，微软推出新技术的最初代号为 Dena

57、li 这是在微软的主动期间, 现在，这项技术终于正式命名为活跃服务器页技术，或者叫做ASP。它的前几个版本已出版,其中最重要的版本,包括WindowsNT4.0选择包(IIS4.0和2.0协议)、Windows2000(IIS5.0和3.0协议)。对于这次讨论的目的,首先，我们要把ASP作为一个整体来看待,而不要想它的不同版本。ASP在很短的时间内成为了一个协议,这在很大程度上是因为它是一些非常困难的问题(动态网页内容创造)变得比较容易。ISAPI应用其创造CGI介面石一见非常困难的事情,但是程序员利用ASP进行编程却变得非常容易，ASP利用VB. NET开发. 几百万个程序开发人员至少多少有

58、点熟悉Visual Basic、Visual Basic应用(VBA)或VBScript。这些发展, ASP是进入网络时代的一个基本标志。当然程序开发人员可以学到新的发展设计语言,他们都没用ASP.NET出色. 部分原因是因为使用VBScript,建立联系网络应用成为可行的方法。同样重要的是通过微软启动Objects(ADO) 可以比较容易获得数据库资料。当程序开发人员需要产生动态内容,动态内容显然是需要来自某处，而使用ADO可以使访问数据库变得容易。最后,也许最重要的是, ASP.NET的发展模式是程序开发人员是写代码并能运行. 无需进行详细设置步骤，或编辑。ASP.NET的程序开发人员需要认真掌握这一发展模式, 即使情形有点不同。ASP.NET的最新使用办法。ASP.NET 3.0版本和Windows2000几乎是在同一时间出版的,它的出版使人们清楚地看到了与开发未来网站密切相关的未来软件。微软推出ASP.NET新版本保留协议和发展模式以深受广大用户的喜爱。同时程序开发人员可以把ASP.NET创造的用户和密码正确的添加得到许可目录, 而且ASP.NET还引进创新思想，使程序开发人员更容易分离其内容和应用。ASP.NET了很多很多的特点，同时，ASP.NET是一个很优秀的协议,以逐步改善; 它实在是一个全新的产品, 虽然新产品的设计与开发经验,使