2021年中考英语二轮专题复习 专题14　句子的分类(二)

1、第二篇第二篇攻专题攻专题 能力提升能力提升 一语法专题突破一语法专题突破 专题十四句子的分类专题十四句子的分类(二二) 初中阶段常考的状语从句有以下几种： 1时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用when、as、while、before、after、since、till、until、 as soon as等连词来引导。 第 2 页 透 析 中 考 考点1状语从句 知识精讲知识精讲 (1)when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是延续的，也可以是瞬间的； while引导的时间状语从句中，动作须为延续性的，且常用进行时态。 When I arrived at school，it was raining he

2、avily.当我到达学校的时候， 正下着很大的雨。While I was doing my homework, my father was watching TV.当我在写作业的时候，我的父亲在看电视。 (2)在时间状语从句里，常用一般现在时态表示将来。Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就会给你打电话。 第 3 页 (3)如果主语是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，从句要用一般现在时态表 示将来。 (4)since引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过 去时。 (5)until表动作一直持续到某时，动作为延续性动作，not

3、.until表“直 到才”，表示直到某个时间了某个动作才发生。We wont play basketball until Eric comes.直到Eric来了我们才会打篮球。He slept until 9 this morning.他睡到今天早上9点。 第 4 页 2条件状语从句 条件状语从句通常由if、unless引导，unless常可以与if .not互换，表示 “除非，如果不”。 (1)在条件状语从句里，常用一般现在时态表示将来。Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空的话，我会帮助 你学习英语。 (2)

4、“祈使句and/or陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语的 句子。Hurry up, or youll be late./If you dont hurry up, youll be late.快 点，否则你要迟到了。 第 5 页 3目的状语从句 目的状语从句通常由so that、in order that引导。 (1)so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常用情态动词can、could、may、 might等。Tom ran very fast so that he could catch the bus.汤姆跑得很 快以便能赶上公交车。 (2)in order that 引导的从句可以

5、与in order to结构转换。We used the computer in order that we might save time/in order to save time.为了节约 时间，我们使用电脑。 第 6 页 4原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because、since、as引导。 (1)because表示直接原因，语气最强。且why引导的问句只能用because 回答；since指分析后的原因，读者有所了解，语气较弱；as表示读者 了解的原因，可译为“正如”，语气较弱。 (2)because不能和并列连词so用在一个句子里。 第 7 页 5让步状语从句 让步状语从句常由a

6、lthough、though、even though、even if等连词引导。 Though he is young, he knows a lot.尽管他很年轻，他知道很多事情。 第 8 页 考生在做状语从句的练习题时应先掌握以下四点：各种状语从句的从 属连词有哪些；同一种状语从句中从属连词的区别；同一个从属连词 在多种状语从句中的运用；时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。 第 9 页 方法指导方法指导 【例题】(2018重庆A卷)Lots of people exercise every morning _ bad weather stops them. Aif Bunless Cunti

7、lDsince 【答案】B 【解析】if如果；unless除非，如果不；until直到；since自从。句意： 很多人每天早晨锻炼 _ 恶劣的天气阻止他们。结合选项的意思 和句意可知，用unless。故选B。 第 10 页 【跟进训练1】(黑龙江齐齐哈尔)She dressed up _ everyone might notice her. Ain order toBin order that Calthoug 第 11 页 B 1宾语从句的引导词 第 12 页 考点2宾语从句 知识精讲知识精讲 引导词及用法例句 that作引导词，无实际意义，有 时可省略。从句结构完整，为陈 述语气 She

8、said (that) she was good at dancing.她说她擅长跳舞。 if/whether作引导词，从句由一般 疑问句转化而来，为疑问语气 I wonder if/whether you have been to Beijing.我想知道你是否去过北 京。 第 13 页 引导词及用法例句 疑问代词(what/whom/who/which 等)作引导词，除去引导词后， 从句结构不完整，为疑问语气 Tom asked what Lucy wanted to buy.汤姆问露西想买什么。 疑问副词(when/where/why/how 等)作引导词，除去引导词后， 从句结构完整，

9、为疑问语气 Tom asked where my brother had gone.汤姆问我哥哥去哪儿了。 2宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序均为陈述句语序，即：主语谓语宾语从句。 3宾语从句的时态 第 14 页 时态例句 当主句为一般现在时态或祈使句 时，从句根据实际情况选用时态 I wonder if/whether you have been to Beijing.我想知道你是否去过北京。 当主句为一般过去时态时，从句 须用过去的某种时态 She said (that) she was good at dancing. 她说她擅长跳舞。 当从句叙述的是客观真理、规律 等时，从句用一般现在时

10、态 Tom said that light travels much faster than sound.汤姆说光比声音传播得快。 4“疑问词不定式”作宾语 在宾语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以将从句变为“疑问 词to do”的结构。I dont know how I can get to the bus stop.I dont know how to get to the bus stop.我不知道怎么去公车站。 第 15 页 宾语从句主要的考查点是：时态、语序和引导词。考生可以牢记下面 这个小口诀，以方便答题时快速作出选择。 第 16 页 方法指导方法指导 巧学妙记 宾语从句三注意

11、，时态、语序、引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不 须受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般 疑问用if/whether定；特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 【例题】(2020北京)Do you know _？ At 9：00 tomorrow morning. Awhen the video meeting began Bwhen did the video meeting begin Cwhen the video meeting will begin Dwhen will the video meeting begin 第 17 页 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你知道

12、视频会议什么时候开始吗？”“明天上午九 点。”问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句的语序应该为陈述 句语序，因此排除B和D；根据答语“At 9：00 tomorrow morning”可 知询问的是将来的事，用一般将来时，故选C。 第 18 页 【跟进训练2】(2019湖南湘潭)Can you tell me _ on Fathers Day? Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. Awhen did you shopBwhere you go Cwhat you did 第 19 页 C 1定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从

13、句叫定语从句。 2先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。(代词惯指人称代词与不定代 词) 第 20 页 考点3定语从句 知识精讲知识精讲 3关系代词的选择 定语从句中关系代词的选择，通常取决于主句中的先行词和它在从句 中充当的成分。关系代词作宾语时，可省略。 第 21 页 先行词作主语作宾语作定语 人that，whothat，who，whomwhose 物that，which that，whichwhose 拓展：(1)关系代词只用that的几种情况 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词要用that。 当先行词为everything、anything、nothing、all、much、none

14、、few、 little等不定代词或先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much、 few等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the last、the same、 the very等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 第 22 页 (2)关系代词只用which的几种情况 在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系代词一般只用which。 当引导词前有介词，且先行词指物时，关系代词只用which。 第 23 页 4关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句中作状语 第 24 页 关系副词用法 when 表示时间，在定语从句中作

15、时间状语，其先行词是表 示时间的名词(year、season、day等) where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表 示地点的名词(place、room、school等) why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有 表示原因的reason 5定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行 词保持一致。 (2)在“one of复数名词关系代词从句”结构中，从句谓语动词 用复数形式；而在“the (only/right) one of复数名词关系代词从 句”结构中，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 第 25 页 首先，确定关系代词是指人还

16、是指物。然后，根据关系代词在句中所 作的成分来确定到底用哪个关系代词。最后，看看有无只能用that或 者which的特殊情况。 【例题】(2019湖南株洲)We have decided to sell five things _ we no loner use. AthatBwhere Cwho 第 26 页 方法指导方法指导 【答案】A 【解析】分析句子结构可知题空处引导的是一个定语从句修饰things， 且先行词things是指物，故关系代词应用that。 【跟进训练3】(2019湖南岳阳)Ill never forget the story _. Athat cheers me up

17、Bwho cheers me up Cwhat cheers me up 第 27 页 A 1(2018乐山)Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature. Dont mention it._ you have more questions，come to me any time. AIf BBecause CThough 第 28 页 四川中考真题精练 A 2(2019攀枝花)We visited the museum _ tells the history of Panzhihua yesterday. AwhoBwhy C

18、whenDwhich 第 29 页 D 3(2019达州)Linda, could you remember _？ Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hong Kong? Awhere are we going after the exam Bwhere we are going after the exam Cwhere are we going to after the exam Dwhere we are going to after the exam 第 30 页 B 4(2020遂宁)I wonder if Sally_ us prepare

19、 for the party. Im sure she will if she _time. Ahelps；will haveBwill help；has Cwill help；will have Dhelps；has 5(2020甘孜州)Get up early, _ you will miss your train. AorBand Cbut 第 31 页 B A 6(2020达州)Did you notice _ in his office? Yes, he was going over our homework. Awhat Mr. Li was doingBhow was Mr. L

20、i doing Chow Mr. Li was doingDwhat Mr. Li is doing 7(2018乐山)Could you please tell me _？ Of course.About ten minutes ride. Ahow far is it from the school Bhow far it is from the school Chow often you go to the school 第 32 页 A B 8(2020成都)The book _cover has a beautiful picture is Lilys. AwhichBwhose C

21、that 9(成都)Many people still try to climb Qomolangma every year _ it is very dangerous. AwhenBif Cthough 第 33 页 B C 10(2017乐山)Did you say anything to your parents _ they shouted at you? No, I was afraid to talk back.They looked really serious and scary. Aunless Bwhy Cwhen 11(南充)Mike, lets prepare for

22、 our baseball game. OK.Well lose the game _ we try our best. AunlessBonce CafterDsince 第 34 页 C A 12(2019遂宁)Could you tell me _？ Awhen will they leave Beijing Bwhen would they leave Beijing Cwhen they will leave Beijing Dwhen they would leave Beijing 13(2019南充)Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kit

23、e? As soon as the rain _. Ais stoppingBstopped Cwill stopDstops 第 35 页 C D 14(2019德阳)Excuse me, could you tell me _ to get a nearby bank? Go along this street and you will see a bank. AwhyBwhere ChowDwhen 第 36 页 C 一、单项选择。 1(2019黑龙江绥化)I think youll miss the train _ you hurry up. Aif Band Cunless 第 37

24、 页 C 2021年迎考特训 2(2019黑龙江绥化)They _ on the sofa when the telephone _. Asit；rangBwere sitting；rang Csat；was ringing 3(2018江苏盐城)Could you tell me _？ Oh, she is the worlds first robot citizen, Sophia. Awhat the tall girl isBwhat is the tall girl Cwho the tall girl isDwho is the tall girl 第 38 页 B C 4(202

25、0黑龙江哈尔滨)Could you tell me_？ There is nothing but some old model planes. Awhats in the room Bwhat can you see in the room Cwho in the room is 第 39 页 A 5(2018江苏南京)Before you start reading, ask yourself_ you are reading this book. Most people read for two main reasons, pleasure or knowledge. Awhy Bwhat

26、 CwhereDwhen 第 40 页 A 6(2018江苏南京)Which of the following sentences has an object clause？_ AHis mother called him Robbie when he was a baby. BOn Mars you might see people who wear special boots. CMr. Green tells us that wed better use the Internet properly. DOur life has improved because the environme

27、nt is getting better. 7(2019黑龙江绥化)Grace wonders _ she should do next. AhowBwhat Cthat 第 41 页 C B 8(2018湖北恩施州)Excuse me.Is it my turn now? Not yet.Please wait outside_ your name is called. Auntil Bsince Cso 9(2019甘肃敦煌)I wonder _ Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday. AthatBif CwhatDwhich 第 42

28、 页 A B 10(2018河南)Excuse me.Do you know_？ Sorry, I dont know, either. Ahow to check out a book Bwhen will the concert begin Cthat there is a bank near here Dhow long the meeting would last 11(2019湖南岳阳)Ill never forget the story_. Athat cheers me up Bwho cheers me up Cwhat cheers me up 第 43 页 A A 12(2

29、018湖南邵阳)The man _ is talking to my math teacher is my father. AwhoBwhich Cwhat 13(2019湖南湘西州)Hi，Shirley.Could you tell me _？ At 11：30 tomorrow morning. Awhen you will arriveBwhen will you arrive Cwhere you will arrive 第 44 页 A A 14(2020湖北黄冈)Do you know the girl_ is giving the speech？ Of course. She i

30、s my best friend, Meimei. AwhichBwho CwhomDwhat 15(2019湖南湘西州)What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies _ give me something to think about. AthatBwhat Cwhere 第 45 页 B A 16(2020湖北黄冈)What did Lily say to you just now, Emma? She wanted to know_. Awhat will I do this Sunday Bwho did I play volleyb

31、all with just now Cwhy I am late for class this morning Dif I could go shopping with her tonight 第 46 页 D 17(2020江苏无锡)I have to say thats a wonderful plan. But I wonder_. Next month? Or next year? We dont have that much time, Im afraid. Ahow soon it will be carried out Bhow long it will be carried o

32、ut Chow soon will it be carried out Dhow long will it be carried out 第 47 页 A 18(2020江苏盐城)Mr.Wu, can you tell me_ ? We get together and eat mooncakes. Awhy do you like the Chinese New Year best Bhow do you celebrate the MidAutumn Festival Chow Chinese people celebrate the Chinese New Year Dwhat Chin

33、ese people usually do on the MidAutumn Festival 第 48 页 D 19(2019贵州贵阳)Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking.He is thinking about_. Ahow he can make itBhow can he make it Chow will he make it 20(广东)“A white elephant” means something that is useless, _ it may cost a lot of money. AunlessBuntil Csi

34、nceDalthough 第 49 页 A D 21(2019山东临沂)Peppa Pig(小猪佩奇) is a British cartoon _has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents. AwhoBwhich C 22(2019江苏连云港)_ we didnt win the basketball game, we were satisfied with our hard work. AIf BThough CSinceDBecause 第 50 页 B B 23(2020黑龙江哈尔滨)What are they talking about? They are talking about the greatest inventions_ have made a big difference to our daily life. AwhichBwho Cthat 第 51 页 C 二、按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1(2019甘肃天