海明威和他笔下的英雄（黄亚丽）

1、湖南文理学院成教本科生毕业论文（设计）题 目： 海明威和他笔下的英雄 Hemingway and the Hero in His works学生姓名： 杨 晶 专 业： 英 语 教 育 年 级： 2005级 指导老师： 莫善清教授 完成时间： 2006年3月 Abstracts1Contents1Introduction3Hemingway and the Hero in His works1. A brief introduction to Hemingway and his Code Hero.1.1 The characters have a common background.1.2

2、The main traits of the Code Hero.2. Hemningway has perfected the image gradually. 2.1 The early stage. 2.2 The second stage. 2.3 The third stage. 2.3.1 A brief introduction to The old Man And The sea.2.3.2 An introduction to Santiago in detail.3. His creation is superior to life10 3.1 The connection

3、 between Hemingway and his Code Hero. 3.2 Hemingways creation is superior to life.4. Some comments on the image of the Code Hero13 4.1 The opinion of opposition faction. 4.2 The opinion of his supporters.5.Conclusion15 Bibiliography18 Acknowledgement19海明威和他笔下的英雄人物Hemingway and the Hero in His works中

4、文摘要： 海明威是美国著名的小说家，他以罗曼蒂克的经历和独特的艺术风格闻名于世。他的大部分作品都呈现了他的性格和亲身经历，作品里的主人公在某种程度上有着相同的经历，他们都是典型的英雄人物，勇敢、坚强、坚忍不拔，敢于奉献。关键词：海明威 典型英雄人物 经历Abstract: Hemingway was a famous movelist of America . He is famous for his romantic experience and unique artistic style . Most of Hemingways works came from his experience

5、 and personality . The characters in his works have a common background to some extent. Thats the image of the typical hero who is ready to offer up and exemplifies certain principles of honor,courage and endurance.Key words: Hemingway Typical Hero ExperienceIntroduction Hemingway was a novelist and

6、 short story writer who became one of the best-known American authors in his century. He is famous for his romantic experience and unique artistic style all over the world. The characters in his works have a common background to some extent. Thats the image of the typical hero, including anti-war so

7、ldiers, bullfighters , antifascist warriors and fishermen etc. The typical Hemingway hero is one who , wounded but strong, more sensitive and wounded because stronger, enjoys the pleasures of life in face of ruin and death. We should not only appreciate the Code Hero but try to be a man like the Cod

8、e Hero. Everyone may confront failure, what we learn form the code Hero can help us conduct ourselves well as “bad luck” is coming, That is , to show“ grace under pressure”.Hemingway and the Hero in His worksName:Huang YaliShool:Humnan University of Arts and ScienceMajor:English Education Tutor:Mo s

9、hanqingStudents Tel:7552596Date:March 22,20061.Ernest Hemingway(1896-1961) was a novelist and short writer who became one of the best-known American authors in his century. He is famous for his romantic experience and unique artistic style all over the world.1.1 Most of Hemingways works came from hi

10、s experiences and personality. Although the characters in his works are different in age, Sex and profession, they have a common background to some extent. Thats the image of the Code Hero, including anti-war soldiers, bullfighters, anti -fascist warriors and fishermen etc. This is the glamour and m

11、ost outstanding feature of his works.1.2 The Code Hero was a mans man (the typical man in the man). The Code Hero represents a code according to which the hero, if he could attain it, would be able to live properly in the world of violence, disorder and misery. The Code Hero, then, offers up and exe

12、mplifies certain principles of honor, courage and endurance, which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man , as we say, and enable him to conduct himself well in the losing battle that is life . He shows, in the authors famous phrase for it,“grace under pressure”. Hemingway remarked in A Fare

13、well To Arms,“The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places”, Barnes , Henry , Jordan and Santiago were or wounded in some way. They are the “strong”the Code Hero, the model of the wounded. 2.Hemingway had perfected the image of the Code Hero gradually.2.1 Nick, the he

14、ro of In Our Time(1925),is the embryo of Hemingways Code Hero. Nick is honest, virile, and outdoor male and has plenty of nerve. When he grows up ,he takes part in the war and returns home with wounds and great disappointment. Therefore, we can say that Nick laid a good foundation for the birth of J

15、ack Barnes is emasculated in the war so that he cant marry his girlfriend whom he loves deeply .The more he loves her ,the more pain he has . He throws himself into work actively, goes to enjoy beautiful scenery and watches bullfighting. In the end , he finds the true meanings of life. Following the

16、se two Code Heroes another character of anti-war and war weariness came into being. It is Henry, the hero of A Farewell To Arms(1929). Hemingway made considerable success on Henry . In the course of the novel Lt.Fredeirc , is wounded in WWI. The wounds reveal the nature and the ruthlessness of the w

17、ar .Furthermore, it shows the bravery of Henry.However on seeing a lot of innocent people become cannon fodders and the result of the war will not benefit any participators . He makes“separate peace”(a famous theory produced by Hemingway .It means that since Henry is anti-war ,he has every reason to

18、 put down his arms . Say good-bye to the war and take his own way.)-do not fight for his country, or any other, any more and escapes to Switzerland with his lover, Catherine Barkley , to seek peace. Obviously, Henry is more perfect than Barnes and Nick . Henry takes action and escapes after the real

19、izes the war is insignificant. But on the whole, the Code Hero at the early stage is the “lost struggler” and lacks the aim of life. They have the qualities of a hero, however, they are far away from heroism.2.2 At the second stage , the masterpiece is For Whom The Bell Tolls(1949)which deals with t

20、hree days in the life of the Code Hero, now named Robert Jordan, who is fighting as an American volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. He is sent to join a guerrilla band in the mountains near Segovia to blow up a strategic bridge, thus facilitating a loyalist advance. He spends three days and nights i

21、n guerrillas cave .And then successfully destroys the bridge , but Jordan is wounded in the retreat. And is left to die .From this novel we can conclude that Hemingway has had a leap in the process of his cognition. He has come to see the wisdom of such a sacrifice , and the book ends without bitter

22、ness. The Code Heros attitude to ward death is that life is worth living and that there are causes worth dying for.The image of the Code Hero is not only applied to solders but hunters, fishermen and so on .2.3 At the third stage Hemingway created the perfect image of the Code Hero.2.3.1 Santiago, t

23、he hero of The Old Man And The Sea(1952)which regained significantly in reputation and won for him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. This novel tells about an old Cuban fisherman named Santiago. After 84 days without catching a fish , Santiago ventures far out to sea alone, and hooks a giant m

24、arlin in the Gulf Stream. For two days and two nights the old man hold on . While he is towed farther out to sea ,unfortunately, the sharks begin to take his prize away from him . He killed them until he has only his broken tiller to fight with. Then they eat all but the skeleton, and he tows that h

25、ome, half dead with exhaustion, and makes his way to bed to sleep and dreams of other days. The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly-honorably, with great courage and endurance-while losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught. Thus he comes with a message that while man may

26、 grow old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare, stick to the rules ,persist when he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing win his victory. I also want to point out that the works not only extols the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicate Hemingways Code

27、Hero getting to its summit. We can appreciate the perfect image of the Code Hero in the last and most important works. 2.3.2 “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from hand

28、ling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh” “Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.” The three main pointsdeep, wrinkles, brown blotches and deepcreased scars make us infer the state of mind at once

29、 . We realize the old mans much suffering ,hard work and present failure (reflected in the sentence,“But none of these scars were fresh.”). Meanwhile , our attention is also focused on the old mans eyes“The same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated”. The few words make the eyes of the o

30、ld man come to life. We strongly feel the old mans spirit through his eyes“The beat of a hero in his old age is as stout as ever.” Throughout the novel, Santiago talked of and thought of baseball for many times. Before going to the deep sea, he said to the boy : “The Yankees cannot lose.” “But I fea

31、r the Indian to Cleveland.” “Have faith in the Yankees myson .Think of the great. DiMaggio.” On the deep sea . “I wonder how the baseball come out in the grand leagues today ,he thought.” “This is the second day now that I do not know the result of the juegos, he thought . But I must have confidence

32、 and I must be worthy of the great DiMaggio.” Its well known that baseball is a game, which needs fighting, persistence an excellent skills. Santiago thought of baseball many times during his said and cared about the result of the baseball. It shows that the spirit of playing baseball supports him t

33、o fight against the marlin . In fact , the confidence in the Yankees and the great DiMaggio is his faith in fishing skill and victory to win the fight against the great marlin . We can see an optimistic ,confident and strongwilled old man ,Santiago , the perfect Code Hero. In addition ,in the story

34、,Santiago often dreamed of the lions ,Especially in the end. “The old man was dreaming about the lions.” As we know , the lion is the symbol of bravery and invincibility. This is just the true portrayal of all the Code Hero. Of course, Its important for us to have a deep understanding about Santiago

35、s famous saying .After he killed ed the first shark: “But man is not made for defeat,” he said,“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” It not only distinctly portrays the old mans characterhis endurance, persistence and “undefeated” spirit but also expresses the novels theme .It is the spirit but

36、 also expresses the encourages us to smile in the face of adversity.3. After reading these sentences ,we can feel the Code Hero is standing us. They are very familiar to us because Hemingway created them not from imagination but from real life. 3.1 Hemingway was born in an intensely middle-class sub

37、urb of Chicago called Oak Park, lions, his father who was a doctor devoted to hunting and fishing and influenced Hemingway greatly. At the age of three, his father sent him a fishing pole as his birthday present . When he was ten years old .He was sent a hunting gun. As a boy of fourteen, he was enc

38、ouraged to practice boxing. The parts of his childhood are reflected in several of the stories about young Nick Adams . Finally Hemingway got into WWI as a honorary lieutenant in the Red Cross, he went overseas in a state of great excitement, as an ambulance driver . He was severely wounded while pa

39、ssing out chocolate to the troops in Italy on July 8,1918, and was decorated by Italians for subsequent heroism. A dozen operation was performed on his knee, after his recuperation in Milan ,he was with the Italian infantry until the Armistice .What Hemingway did during WWI has been reflected in A F

40、arewell To Arms. Then, his service and own experiences as a war correspondent during Spanish Civil War produced For Whom The Bell Tolls , In 1942 he volunteered himself and his fishing boot for various projects to the Navy and cruised off the coast of Cuba with a somewhat suicidal plan for the destr

41、uction of U-boats in the area. Jordan , in fact ,re-embodiment of Hemingway in WWI. Even the perfect image of the Code Hero, Santiago, came from his experiences of deep-sea fishing . It is obvious that there is intimate connection between Hemingway and his Code Hero. The Code HeroHemingway himself.

42、Hemingway is worthy to be called the Code Hero: his skull had been fractured at least once; he was sustained at least a dozen brain concussions, several of them were serious ones; he had been in three serious automobile accidents; and a few years ago in African jungle he was in two airplane accident

43、s in the space of two days , during which time he suffered several internal injuries; when he was blown up in Italy at the age of 18, the doctor removed off 237steel fragments which had penetrated him. However there is a question, “Is Hemingway timid and pessimistic so that committed suicide?” The a

44、nswer, of course is “No”, Hemingway suffered much illness and injury and he committed suicide at last .But his suicide cannot show he was timid and pessimistic. On the contrary ,he set up an image of braver because he regarded his illness and injury as his “enemy” such like the sharks. He used his l

45、ife as a weapon. In order to get rid of his “enemy”, he would rather choose to die, He and his “enemy” ended in common ruin. The spirit of Santiago lasted and re-embodied on Hemingway. In fact, Hemingway utilized his life to show that he was an unconquerable “old lion”. 3.2 Moreover ,Hemingways crea

46、tion not only originated from life true to life but superior to life. Hemingway is a writer realism, consequently, he truck to his standard of truth-telling in writing . But he never copied something mechanically. He was also a master of turning reality into fiction, representing not only what had a

47、ctually happen but also what logically might happen . For example, the characters in his works are all typical ones. He didnt lay special emphasis on detail description but to express the Code Heros truthfulness by their inner beauty. So Jordan and Santiago leave an indelible impression to us . Anot

48、her example, Hemingway once said that The Old Man And The Sea could be in a longer novel about 1,000 pages . In the novel , he could describe many of the other villagers and how they made a living , how they were educated , how they bore children ,and so on .But he omitted all those, only describing

49、 the old man and the process of fishing the marlin and fighting the sharks .Besides , Hemingway not only reflected real life but also expressed himself in his works. Henry says good-bye to the arms and Jordans American teacher of Spanish goes to the front. Both show Hemingways emotional coloring . O

50、r , we can say , Hemingways creation is superior to life. 4. Its not difficult to see that Hemingways own personality and rich life experiences make him than immortal works. However , there were more comments on him than own works. Among these Comments, most of the characters created by Hemingway. T

51、he opposition faction had two kinds of opinion .One was that the Code Hero was no minds ,no feeling and lost their game and lovers and even life. All was insignificant for them . The other is that the Code Hero was lacking in their inner world-its only a world of men , but no family , no house , no

52、job , even no social groups. However, for the supporters , its very easy to demolish the arguments above because they took a one-sided approach to comment the image of the Code Hero, just like “the blind men trying to size up the elephant”, that is ,took a part for the whole. 4.1 This part is to ref

53、ute one kind of opinion of the opposition faction. In order to express himself what to love and what to hate, Hemingway created the Code Hero: the description of war weariness of Barenes and Henry reveals the nature of WWI; Hemingway made both of them go through hardships in the war so as to express

54、 his hatred for the war; This kind of writing technique is unique . The other example, Jordan might be wounded or even sacrifice if he goes to destroy the bridge, but he doesnt care about his personal safety and accomplishes his mission in the end .It just reflected that Hemingway supported the just

55、 war with all his strength and that Hemingway was filled with hatred for the fascist . How we can say that the Code Hero was no brains, or no feeling? Otherwise, the Code Hero didnt fear death and was ready to risk their life to defeat “bad luck ”.It doesnt mean that they indulge in homicidal act. T

56、he typical example of the young bullfighter, Romero(an early Code Hero),showed us that courage is the great strength to defeat death. Bull fighting is very cruel , but what a bullfighter shows during the life-and death struggle is a sportsmans courage that is also the strength to inspire our fightin

57、g will. Santiago has ever said: “You did not killed the fish only to keep alive and to sea for food, he thought. You killed him for pride and because you are a fisherman.” Santiago showed great sympathy on the giant marlin. On the other side ,he thought it was reasonable to kill the fish . He was sad because the giant fish had nothing to eat; but no one was qualified to eat the giant fish because it was so nobe no matter the fish was alive or dead , the