It的用法归纳(2015年11月26日整理完毕)

1、it 的用法归纳it 既可以用作代词（人称代词，非人称代词） ，也可以用作引导词（作形式 主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型。一、用作人称代词这是 it 的基本用法。1. 指事物 指代上文或刚提到的事物，以避免重复。I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。It s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog?” “It sin the bedroom.” “狗在哪 ?”“在卧室里”。Shanghai is a beautiful city,isn t it?2. 指人

2、 指代未知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人。 Is this your dog？No, it isn t.Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩 ?There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?【说明】 在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 Its me。3. 代替某些代词。还可用于代替指示代词 this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing 等。如：“ Whats this?” “I

3、t s a new machine”. “这是什么 ?”“是一种 新机器”。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗 ?4. 指抽象事物 :It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like thatYouve helped me a lot. I shall never forget it.I tried my best to persuade him to give up smoking, but it didnt help.辨析 代词 it ,one 和 that.（1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一名

4、称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的 名词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。（2）one 代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个， 所代替的上面可数名词， 其前可带冠词与修饰语， 如代替 复数名词，则用 ones。 （3）that 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代 替的名词可以是可数名词也可是不可数名词，但其前通常不能有修饰语。The population problem may be the greatest one in the world.The doctor in our school is youn ger than that_ in your school.I bought

5、a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.二、用作非人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、日期、时间、温度、价值、路程 距离、环境、自然现象等，称为非人称的代词it。It is a lovely day, is nit?（天气）It is April First today.（日期）It was nearly midnight when she came back.（

6、时间）It was very quiet in the caf.（环境）It is half an hourswalk to the city centre.（距离）It is three dollars.（价值）Today it is 30 degrees cen tigrade.温度）三、做形式主语（一）基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡， 通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it,这样可以使句子避免“头重脚轻”。如：It svery important to remember this.记住这一点很重要。It shard work climb

7、ing mountains.爬山是费劲的事。It unknown whe n he will come.他什么时候来还不知道。（二）用it做形式主语的基本句型1. It is time（ for sb） to do sth.介词短语。“是（某人）该干某事的时候了” （初中学过）It is time to have supper/for supper.2. It is ones turn to do sth意为轮到某人做某事了 。 （初中学过）Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮至 M尔值日了。3. It takes sb. some time to

8、do sth.（初中学过）该句型中的不定式是真正的主语， it 是形式主语， 句型中的直接宾语是时间 常译为 做事情要花费某人时间”“某人花了多少时间做某事”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.4. It+ is/has been 一段时间+since从句.(初中学过)关于该句型详解见下面第 11 条。5. It is/ was +过去分词+ that从句.1) It is said (reported ，learned/ believed/ thought / considered/well-known

9、 )that 从句。该结构常译为据说(据报道，据悉 )。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.2) It is suggested (ordered /dema nded/i nsisted/comma nded.) +th从句。该句型和上一句属一个句型。 主句中的过去分词是表示请求、 建议、命令( 一 坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求)等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动 词原形)。should可以省略，

10、常译为 据建议；有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.6. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that从句.在该句型中，that后的从句(1) 一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should 可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为 “竟然” 。 ( 2 )没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语 气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in

11、 your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！7. It is no use doing sth 做某事是没有用的该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ), no pleasureIt is no good learning English without speaking English.It is no use crying over the spilt milk.It is no pleasure l

12、ooking through these any longer.8. It is the first （second Iast） time that sb. has done sth.该句型应和下一个句型区别开来。该句型表示截止到说话时.某人的一种经 历，不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。如果主句谓语动词是 is,从句用现在完成时 态；如果主句谓语动词是 was，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去； it有时也用this/that替换，常译为 是某人第一（二,）次做某事”It is the first time that I have enjoyed this kind of moon

13、cake.This was the second time that I had been to Beijing.9. It is （about/high ） time that .sb. did sth / sb. should do sth.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：（1）常用过去时 态表示虚拟.有时也用should +动词原形，should不能省，常译为是（正 是）.的时侯了. “早就到了时候了”。It is time that children should go to bed.=lt is time that children went to bed.10

14、. It is/ was + adj.+ for /of+ sb. +to do sth.（初中学过）该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语。（1）如果句子中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语sb.的，描述sb. “（真）是（太）了”，这时用of引出逻辑主语。这里的形容词通常是表示人的性格、品质、特征等。常见的这类形容词有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish ,hon est, kin d, lazy, modest, n aughty, polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wron等。 该句型可以换成 Sb.+be+adj.

15、+to do sth.It is ki nd of you to say so = You are ki nd to say so.如果句子中的形容词是修饰to do sth.不定式的，说明“做某事 是 的”，这时用for引出 逻辑主语sb。这里的形容词通常是表示难、易、重要性、必要性、紧迫性、危险等情况的词。常见的这类形容词有：hard, difficult, easy, importa nt, useful, n ecessary, n atural, safe, com mon , no rmal, dan gerous, unu sual, great, impossible 等。It

16、 is useful for us to learn English well.11. 与it有关的几个时间状语从句（1） It+ is/has been +段时间 +since从句.（初中学过）该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中的“一段时间”作表语，其时态是一般现在时或现在完成时，引导的 从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。 （如果主句是一般过去时，从句则 用过去完成时。）It is /has been 5 years since his father died.It is / has been four days since I caught a

17、 cold.It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.It s ages since we last met.（2）It +be + not long/ long / 一段时间 + before 从句该句型主句中的 it 指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或一般过去时两种时态。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，既：主句中be动词是was时，从句用一般过去时。 主句中be动词是will be时，从 句用一般现在时代替将来时。主句中的表语多是Iong ,not Iong ,3 days, 2 weeks

18、等 表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“之后才”，没过就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It was not long before he left Nanjing.It will not be long before he finishes his job.（3） It + be +时间点 + when从句这个句型中 , it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词 （时间一般为具体时 间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，既：主 句中be动词是was时，从句用一般过去时。主句中be动词是will be时，从句用一般现在时代替

19、将来时。常译为当的时候，是”It was already 8 o clock when we got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work.It was eight oclock when we arrived.It will be midnight when they get there.12. It is clear （ obvious true， possible certain.）+ that 从句该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为很 清楚（显然，真的，肯定 ） 是主语从句最

20、常见的一种结构。It s clear that smoking is bad for our health.13. It is important ( necessary， strange，natural.) +that 从句 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同， that 后的从句中 要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)，should可以省去。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.14. It is

21、a waste of time /money doing sth. “做某件事是浪费 ”It s a waste of time ryotaulking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。15. (It is) no wonder (that) 难怪It s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。16.lt is up to sb. to do sth.该句型为 该由某人负责做”，该句型中up后的to是介词。It is up to him to clean our classr

22、oom today.It s up to you to to make the choice.17. It seems/seeme(d 似乎) that 从句 (初中学过)It appears (似乎)that 从句It happens(碰巧)that 从句该句型中的 it 是形式主语， that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的 happen, see m等词是不及物动词。It happe ned that he met his teacher in the street碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来)The Foreign Mi

23、nister said, It is ou“rhope that the two sides will work towards peace.18. It looks (seems) as if该句型中it无意义。as if引导一个状语从句，常译为：看起来好像”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. (真的病了)陈述语气It looks as if he were ill. (事实上没有生病)虚拟语气It seemed as if he was dying.19. Its + 表语 + to do sth。 （初中学过）Its a good ide

24、a to go out for a walk.出去散步是个好主意。四、做形式宾语（一）基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动 词+it+宾语补足语+不定式（动名词或从句）”。女口：I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这件事不容易。I thi nk it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。We thi nk it no use complai ning.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。I find

25、it hard to give up smoking.He feels it his duty to help others.【小结：6123 口诀 】 “6 个动词（find, make, feel, think, believe,consider）， 1个形式宾语（it），2个宾补（adj, n.），3个真宾语（to do sth. doing sth.that 从句）。【另外注意】it做形式宾语的三类特殊句式1，动词 +it+if/when 从句。I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice.说明能用于此结构的动词不多，如

26、appreciate, hate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, prefer 等。2，动词+介词+it+that从句。I ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.说明能用于此结构的动词不多，能用于此句型的动词短语有depend on,rely on, count on , see to,insist on, stick to,等。3.动词+ it +介词短语+ that-从句。如：I owe it to you that I am still

27、alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for gran ted that he would help us.我认为他会帮助我们的。Don bother to arrange anything. Just to leave it to me to sort out.说明能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted认为想当然；bring it to sb s attention, owe把to 归功于 ；leave it to sb. that 把 留给某 人去做；keep it in mi nd that 记住等。五、it用于强调句句型：“It is/w

28、as +被强调部分+that/ who +其他部分” 。it可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调(对主语、宾语、状语等进行强调；若要强调谓语，则要用do, does, did)。例如对下面句子的各个成分进行强调：Tom saw your sisterin Beiji ng last week.It was Tom who saw your sister in Beijing last week.It was your sister who Tom saw in Beiji ng last week.It was in Beijing that Tom saw your sister last we

29、ek.It was last week that Tom saw your sister in Beijing.(Tom did see your sister in Beijing last week)【注】在对时间状语notuntil结构强调时，必须把not与until 一起放到 被强调的位置上。既：it is /was not until that.(1) 1 didn t recognizerhuntil she took off her dark glasses.f It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recog

30、nized her.(2) 1 didn t go to bed until twelve o clock last night.f It was not until twelve o clock last night that I went to bed.六、与it有关的常用固定搭配1. make it在口语当中相当于succeec表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到 达。She feels shesfi nally made it as a sin ger.I m afraid I can walk any further. Come on! You can make it.If we s

31、et off now, we should make it to the station before the train goes.2. make it+时间点 表示“就约定在什么时候了”whe n shall we meet tomorrow morni ng.lets make it 8:00 at the school gate.3. (1) take it/things easy别紧张(2) believe it or not(3) when it comes to一谈到；就.而论(4) Forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧。( 5) It/That ( all/just ) d

32、epends. 要看情况而定。(6) It doesnt matter 通常用来回应别人的道歉 .(Never mind 别在意,通常是在别人有过失时让别人不要在意 ,是种安慰性的话)(7) That it. (口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。4. It makes no/mu(h difference 没有 /有区另廿It s doesn t make much difference my btheeinreg. 我在不在那儿没有什么影 响。【巩固练习一】I 单项选择：1. The road conditions there turned out to be very g

33、ood, was more than we couldexpect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that2. was most improtant to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As3. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It B. What C. As D. Which4. Isn t it amazing how the humn body h_e_a_ls_ a

34、fter an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it5. Our neighbours gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell fron itsnest.A. us; it B. us; itself C. ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it6. -Have you heard the latest news?-No, What ?A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those7. -There is still

35、a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?- No, I d rathbeury in the bookstore.A. it;one B.one;one C.one;it D. it;it8. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in thenewspaper.A. it B. those C. one D. thatII 将下列句子翻译成英语：1. 我们保持身体健康很重要。2.到了我们努力学习的时候了。3.轮到我来照顾

36、年迈的母亲了。4.那是我第一次收到你的来信。5. 人们认为他的英语很棒。参考答案：I1-5 CCBCB6-10 AADII 1. It is important for us to keep fit.2.It is time for us to study hard./ It is time that we studied hard.3.It is my turn to care for my old mother.4.It is the first time that I have received your letter.5.It is thought that he is good at

37、 English.【巩固练习二】高中英语 It 的用法专项练习题1. Was it during the Second World War he died?A.that B.while C.in which D.then2. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it D.he3. I dont think possible to master a foreign language without much memorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it4. Does m

38、atter if he cant finish the job on time?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it5. It was not she took off her glasses I realized she was a famous filmstar.A.when, that B.until, that C.until, that D.when, then6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected to be much better.A.that B.this C.one D.it7. It was not unt

39、il 1920 regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which C.thatD.since8. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.That D.It9. It was only when I reread this poems recently I began to appreciate theirbeauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so10. I hatewhen people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them11. It is the