20XX高中同位语从句精讲和练习题

1、精品考试资料 同位语从句讲解 学资学习网 4 / 14 是名词性从句 （、同位语从句 ）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与 之同位的名词 （短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词 （短语）加 以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关 系，即主表关系。 详细信息一个 （或其它形式 ）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这 个名词（或其它形式 ）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧 挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visit ing us on Tuesday先 生，

2、我孩子的老 师，星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the otherchildren. 我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题： “多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊 吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 学资学习网 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail upthe . 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语

3、部分是个句子 ,就是同位语从句 ,这种用法比较固定 一、在中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用 以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the n ews that our team had won.我听至 U了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news， idea， fact， promise， question， doubt，thought，hope, message suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。 三、中引导同位语从句的词通有 that, whether，连接how,when, where 等。

4、（注： if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or n ot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the en emy had fled thecity .他突然想起 可能敌人已经逃出城了。 学资学习网 同位语从句 -引导词 同位语从句的，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代 词和连接副词等。 1. 连词 that 引导同位语从

5、句 注：引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking isquite wrong. 你认为 不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意1】在某些名词（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolutio n等）后面的同 位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from thetea m有一项建 议是布朗应该离队。 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词

6、that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也 可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding theplane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was 学资学习网 answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语

7、从句。 其它引导词引导的同位语从句 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 引导同位语从句 1）.I have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） 2）.1 have no idea which wi ne is besits a matter of person altaste.我不知道哪 种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（ which 作定语） 3）.The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 作主语） 4 .连

8、接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how,why We havent yet settled the question where we are going tospend our summer vacatio n.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 同位语从句 -相关语法 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1 .一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词 （如 news， idea， fact， promise， hope, message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达 学资学习网- 的具体内容。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在 上叫做分

9、隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door openwhen she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词（word 除外）加 以修饰。 三、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion, advice, request, order 等意为 “建 议；命令；要求 ”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should 动+ 词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,句中的 should 可以省略。 四、同位语从句的先行词 同

10、位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有： idea,situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news,order, ability 等 等。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feelthe new clothes 学资学习网 in him ?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的 代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 it 常放在某些或短语动词后作， 同时兼作其后 t

11、hat 同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。 有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一 般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于 主语+be+表 语”结构。 You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You mustsee to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.) 你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。 同位语从句 -语法区别与的的语法区别

12、： 1意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可 以划等号；而定语从句是所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类 似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he told us听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高 兴。 (that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个 news 而不是其他的 news， 学资学习网 故 that 从句为定语从句 ) 2.引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定 语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同 5 /

13、 14 为， that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作 要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有 hope, wish, idea,news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth 等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广 泛。 13 / 14 词， 饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定: 另外， when 和 where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时

14、间和地点的名 而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如 why 引导定语从句，它通常只修 Ill never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日 子。 （定语从句） 同位语从句 -特殊形式 1.间隔同位语从句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况 学资学习网 下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔 开。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use thepocket money to buy some flowers for my m

15、others birthday 简析:由于 that 从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从 句 2.suggestion,request 和 order 等名词后的同位语从句用。 She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once 她请求立即请医 生来。 3. 及固定句式后的同位语从句 简析：短语 On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), onthe understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fa

16、ct, on theassumption 及句 式 There be+no doubt(hope, chance, possibility,后的-that从句为同位语从句。 练习 单选 26. This book will show you can be used in othercontexts. 学资学习网 A. how you have observed B. how what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 27. Where do you think A. has he

17、 gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he 28. Do you know A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the world C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is 29. Would you go and see outside A. what to take place B. what Tom

18、has happened C. what is happening D. what the matter had been 30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even knowhim. is A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I 31. I think he is Charles. 学资学习网 A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is C. Whom do you think he is D.

19、 Do you think who he is 32. He didnt know which room A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 33. The little boy ate his mother gave him. A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what 34. The city is no longer A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it

20、 usedto be 35. My parents used they had to get a new car forme. A. which B. that C. what D. all what 36. we go swimming every day us a lot ofgood. A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does 37. was the idea the wife thought of 学资学习网 A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how 38. did he tell hi

21、s wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where the book said wasright. 39.One of the men held the view A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that 40. I have no idea or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which 41.Do you know His father i

22、s a doctor. A. what is his father B. who is his father 42. Is this C. what his father is D. who his father is we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which 43. It Bob drives badly. 44.We all know the truth A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is t

23、houghtthat there are air, water andsunlight there are living things. A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed 学习网 they could settle the problem without others help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 46. She asked A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when

24、 she rang me up C. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing 47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take you like. A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. w

25、hat it is beautiful 49. He insisted that he in good health and towork there. A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send 50. Do you know D. whose 51. Its uncertain whether D. how he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. 学资学习网

26、52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday. A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for 53. is to do good all ones life and never do anythingbad. A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hard C. What is hard D. All what is hard 54. the boy didnt take medicine made his

27、motherangry. A. That B. What C. How D. Which 55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for awalk in the park. A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go 二单选 1. I have no idea Mr. Brown returned home A. whenB. whereC. thatD.who 2. They raised the question we were to get so muchmoney. A

28、. thatB. what 学资学习网 D. whether C. where 3. I have no idea has happened to him. A. whenB. whatC. whyD. that 4. The problem he will start is unknown. A. whenB. thatC. whatD. who 5. I dont have any idea A. what does the word infinity ”mean B. what the word infinity means “ r 1” infinity” C. what the meaning of the word D. what the word infinity mean A. whetherB. thatC.