语法知识点归纳

1、 英语句子成分与高考主语(一) 主语的定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是句子要描述的人或事物。（二）充当主语的词和句子主语可以由名词，动名词，不定式，主语从句，代词，数词，及名词化的形容词和充当1 名词During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.My English improved a lot as I used English everyday.2.代词We often speak English in class.This means I could get up an hour lat

2、er than usual as schools in China began before 8.a.m.Everything is possible.Who is the man standing over there ?3.名词化的形容词（the +形容词）The rich are not always happy .In new China the old are living a happy life.4. 动词不定式To study hard is very important .To talk with him is a great pleasure To get there in

3、 time is impossible .Its nice -_( 听到你的声音)。It is better to laugh _(笑比哭好)。1. 动名词Its dangerous _(玩火)。Its not easy_(be )the parents of a teenager._(Go ) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me .注意， 用no good ,no use 作表语，主语只能用动名词不能用不定式e,g Its no good _（smo

4、ke）.you should give it up. Its no use _( quarrel )with him.高考题1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old .A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D .To swimming 2._in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure .A. Swim B.Swimming C.To swim D.To swimming3. What has made you so upset? -_ my new bike.

5、A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D.Since I lost4. _ in a well-known university is what everybody wishes for .A. Educated B. To educate C. Educating D. Being educated5. _ deserts into forests is the key to preventing sandstorms in the spring in some northern cities .A. Turn B. Having turned C. To

6、have turned D. Turing 6.主语从句 引导主语从句的连接词有： what, ,which, who, whoever,whom ,whose, when, where, why, how, whether, that (1) _comes will be welcome.(2) _ breaks the law should be found out.(3) _ you go or stay at home wont make any difference.(4) _it rains or not makes no difference to me.(5) _the doc

7、tors really doubt is whether the mother will recover from the serious disease soon .(6) _ you need is more practice(7) _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(8) _caused the accident is still a completely mystery.(9) _they are reducing the price does not matter .(10) It not clear_ of t

8、hose will be chosen to do the job.(11) It hasnt been decided _they will leave for New York .(12) It is not clear _ he did it .(13) It is unknown yet _ he has gone .(14) _ the scientist will give us a lecture next week is true .(15) It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey .(16) _ Wang Fang l

9、ooked after the old woman a whole year moved us all .(17) _ the earth moves around the sun is known to us all .(18) (2008 山东 )_ was most important to her , she told me was her family .A. It B. This C. What D. As(19)( 2008 福建) _is known to us is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing

10、.A.It B.What C. As D.Which . (20) (2008 浙江) _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way .A. Anyone B .The one C. Whoever D. Who (21)( 2008 上海) It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life .(22) _ Taiwan has purchased a large q

11、uantity of arms from the US causes great tension in the Asian and Pacific district .A. What B. That C. It D. As( 23) (2011 湖南 ) Before a problem can be solved ,it must be obvious_ the problem is ._ .A. what . B. that C. which D. why 谓语谓语一般由动词充当。动词按其性质和用途可分成四种。1. 行为动词（又称为实义动词）.包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词是一定要带宾

12、语意义才完整的动词，如 see ,say , expect, reach, 等等。不及物动词不能直接带宾语 但可借助于一个介词再带宾语。常见不及物动词如come, go ,arrive ,belong ,work, listen ,look etc.,e.g I missed Chinese food a lot at lunchtime .At the end of term, we held a class party .After lunch, we usually played on the school field .In class ,we should listen to the

13、 teacher carefully . 2 .联系动词 常见的联系动词有：be , get ,become ,turn ,grow ,go , stay , remain ,keep , look , smell ,taste ,sound ,feel, seem , prove , fall .etc.联系动词后常接形容词和名词做表语。e.g. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke .It was a bit challenging for me at first .I felt lucky as all my teachers were very hel

14、pful. The eggs have all gone bad .What he said sounds reasonable .Our country is becoming more and more powerful .3. 情态动词You mustnt drink it , it is poisonous .He dare not go there .John studies so hard that he may pass the examination .A wise man may sometimes make a mistake .Look what you have don

15、e , you should have been more careful.4.助动词 ：帮助构成时态 ， 被动语态 ，疑问句和否定句的词。帮助构成被动语态的助动词是 be .帮助构成完成时态的助动词有have ,has had .帮助构成进行时态的助动词是be .帮助构成否定句和疑问句的助动词是do , does 和 did .E .g It has never snowed in Hongkong .Daniel has lived in Beijing since he came to China .The sun had risen when we got to the top of

16、the mountain .The teacher is respected by all his students .宾语1.名词作宾语In woodwork class I made a small table .Sometimes I played football with the boys .2.代词作宾语Though it didnt look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much .3.不定式做宾语（1）希望 ：hope ,want ,expect ,desire, wish .e.g We a

17、ll hope to become scientists . We all want to take part in the sports meets .They expect to see their mother （2） 计划和打算： plan ,intend , mean E.g They are planning to visit London .I fully intended to pay for the damage. I meant to visit the famous writer ,but I was too busy last week .I am sorry I hu

18、rt you .but I didnt mean to .(3). 同意 ， 承诺，拒绝 ：agree , promise, refuse e.g He agreed to let me go early .My father promised me to bye me a new bike as my birthday gift .He refused to discussed the matter .Einstein once refused _ on the radio for $ 10 00 a minute.A . speaking B. to speak C. speak D. s

19、poken We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet .A having met B. to meet C. to have met D。 meet Tom _ when they spoke ill of him .A. happened to be passed by B .happened to be passing byC .happened passing by D。 happened by（4） 其它接动词不定式的动词：happen, decide, try, manage ,I managed to get there

20、 in five minutes .4. 动名词作宾语避免 错过 少延期 （avoid ,miss, delay ,put off ,postpone .）建议 完成 多练习 （suggest, advise recommend ,finish ,practice ）喜欢 想象 经不住 （enjoy ,appreciate imagine ,cant help ）承认 否定 与嫉妒 （admit , deny ,envy ）逃脱 冒险 请原谅 （escape, risk , forgive ）忍受 保持 不介意 （stand , keep ,mind ）1. Our teacher sugge

21、sted _ (have ) a discussion of the subject .2. We delayed_(hold ) the meeting for two weeks .3. The old professor wanted a quiet room for the night because he just couldnt stand _ (sleep ) in a noisy room .4. Would you mind _ (turn ) down your radio a little please ?5. A lot of students enjoy _ (col

22、lect )stamps .6. We must try to avoid _ ( repeat ) the same mistakes.7. The price of food keeps _ ( go ) up.8. . The wounded soldier escaped _ ( kill) in the fighting 9. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ .A. catching B. to be caught C。 being caught D. to catch 10 .（2006 江苏）- There is a

23、 story here in the paper about a 110 year _old man .- My goodness ! I cant imagine _ that old .A . to be B. to have been B. being D. having been 11.（2006 北京） I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office .She just refuses _ talking while she works .A working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working

24、 ; to stop D. to work to stop 12. Mary cant help _ the room because she is busy with her homework .A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 介词宾语We had no difficulty in working out the problem .The boy spent a lot of time playing football.He succeeded in solving the problem .Thank you for

25、telling me the good news .The teacher scolded the naughty boy for being late .I apologize for not having kept my promise .(2007辽宁) You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm .A. walked B . walk C. to walk D. walking注意下面短语中的to 都是介词 后面要接名词或者动名词做宾语refer to pay attention to stick to

26、 devote oneself to be used to look forward to object to lead to submit to contribute to1. I am the boss here ! I am not used to _ what to do .A. told B. telling C. be told D. being told 2.The foreign friends whom you referred to _ looking forward to _ around our country .A. be ,be showing B. are , b

27、e shownC. being, showing D. are , being shown3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic ocean in five days .A. sail B. to sail C . sailing D . to have sailed 4. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling5. Its a good habit to practic

28、e _English aloud in the morning .A. to read B. reading C. in reading D. to be reading 6.Mr. Black gave up _only a few weeks ago .A . teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaching 7. We are looking forward to _another chance _ it againA be , to try B. give , trying C. giving ,trying D. having , to try 8. D

29、uring the year the president turned his attention to _ agriculture .A. improve B. improvement C. improving D. improved 9. He didnt like _like that .A. being laughed at B. laughing at C. having laughed at D. to laugh at 10. While shopping , people sometimes cant help_ into buying something they dont

30、really need .A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D, be persuaded 11. Paul didnt mind _- to the party .A. to invite B. having not been invited C .not being invited D .not having been invited12. On his birthday the little boy looked forward to _ a gift by his parents .A . give B. given C.

31、giving D. being given 13.The little boy entered the room without _ .A. noticed B. being noticed C. notice D. noticing 14. While we are developing agriculture and industry we must prevent the earth _ A. from polluting B. polluted C. being polluted D. polluting 15. Having been ill in bed for nearly a

32、month , he had a hard time _ the exam .A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 动名词作形容词的宾语 1. I consider the film _ .A. worth seeing B. worth see C. worth being seen D. worth to be seen 2.What do you think of the book? - Oh excellent . Its worth _ a second time .A. to read B. to be read C. reading D.

33、 being read 3. Though it sounds a bit too dear, it is well worth _ .A. to be bought B. buying C. bought D. being bought 5. 宾语从句（1） I am not sure _ he will be here in time .(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring ? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice

34、put (3) Philip asked me _ would support us ?（4） Do you know _ winter is colder than summer ? (5) I couldnt tell you _ his home was .(6) Do you remember _ he solved the problem ?（7） Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _ A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she

35、is getting along D . what is she getting along (8) Nobody knew _ . A. where he comes from B. where he was from C. where he is from D. where does he come from (9) We dont know _ I should go away .A. that B. if or not C. whether or not D. where (10) You can write _ topic you can think of .A. whatever

36、B. what C. that D. which(11) I dont doubt _he will come . A . that B. if C what D. whether (12) I am sorry _I have caused so much trouble . A. that B. for C. as D. since （13）（2010 湖南）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry .A. where B . whether

37、C. that D. why(14) (2008 湖南)When asked _they need most, the kids said they want to feel important and loved.A. what B. why C. whom D. which (15).(2011衡阳市联考一)。If a rush of danger is _ it takes to see him, then thats what I ll find .A. what B. which C. why D. how(16)（. 2011衡阳市联考二）I still doubt _the pr

38、ice of houses in Beijing or Shanghai will go down, but it remains to be seen .A. how B. whether C. why D. that(17) (衡阳市联考二) Living a full life is not focus on _ you dont have .A. that B. which C. what D. it 宾语补足语：在宾语后面补充说明宾语的句子成分能够充当宾语补足语的有：1.名词。They made Professor Zhang Chairman of the meeting .She

39、 made Joe her assistant .2.形容词She found the job less and less attractive .We found the ruins most interesting .3. 动词不定式能接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：warn， ask ,expect , get, order , persuade ,allow ,permit, encourage ,recommend , advise , make , have ,let , see , hear, watch, notice ,listen ,等等。They believed him t

40、o be honest .Professor Zhangs speech made us all _( laugh ).The doctor warned him _ (not smoke ).His parents encouraged him _ (去国外)。高考链接（1）. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills .A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D .me to take （2） Mr. Smith warned her da

41、ughter _ after drinking .(never drive )4.分词I will get my watch _ (repair ).Will you please get my bike _( send ) to my hotel ?-I cant see the words on the blackboard .- Perhaps you need to have your eyes _ (examine ).The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ (hear ).The managers

42、discussed the plan they would like to see _ the next year .A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 2010(湖南高考) Listen ! Do you hear someone _ for help ? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 5.介词短语We found ourselves in the middle of a desert .6.从句I asked my mother if I could go

43、with them .Could you tell me whether it snows in winter in Australia ?My friend wouldnt tell me _ his new car .A. did he pay how much B. he paid how much for C. how much did he pay D. how much he paid for表语： 在系动词后表明主语的性质，状态， 身份的句子成分。能充当表语的有：1.名词。Cristas father is an engineer.2.代词Money is not everyth

44、ing .-Who is it ?- Its me .3.形容词Your answer is right .She was sad when I went to see her .He looks young though he is approaching 50.I failed the maths test ! I am so upset .Im so happy ! Mum and Dad bought me a bike .4.分词The situation is embarrassing .The story is moving .The door remains locked .I

45、t was a bit challenging foe me at first .5.不定式My job is _ (look )after these children .Her wish is _ (become ) a doctor .We are _ (visit ) the large factory .5.表语从句高考链接（1）Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public .A. why B. which C. that D. what (2) His ability

46、 has never been in doubt ， the question is _ he is prepared to work hard .A. Whether B. If C. that D. where定语；修饰某一名词或代词的成分。能够充当定语的有：1. 形容词Having seen the situation, a wealthy American business man ,Charles Yerkes tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the un

47、derground group .2. 名词。Book store vegetable garden coffee cup life experience 高考题He dropped the _ and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 3. 分词China is a developing country .Who is that man standing there ?The police found the stolen car .Do you know the girl st

48、anding under the tree ?Most people invited to the party were famous scientists.高考链接Many things _ impossible in the past are common today .A. being considered B. considering C . to be considered D. considered .不定式I have some clothes to wash/to be washed .Have you anything else to say ?I have an impor

49、tant meeting to attend . I need a piece of paper to write _ . We have to find a hotel to stay _ ,its getting dark .She was the first to speak at the meeting .The meeting _ (hold ) this evening is of great importance .Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday ?A. holding B. hold C. will be held D. to be hold 定语从句做题关键1. 找准先行词 2. 分析定语从句中所缺的句子成分重点考点- 关系代词as ,which ,that ,who, whom, whose 的用法考点一先行词指物时关系代词that 和 which的区别下列两种情况关系代词只能用which:（1）直接在介词后作宾语（2）在非限制性定语从句中 , 先行词指物， 从句中缺少一个主语或者宾语。1. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows ,most