2022高考英语统考一轮复习第十一章状语从句参考课件新人教版

1、第十一章状语从句 状语从句指句子作状语， 起副词作用， 修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、 状语或整个句子。 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、 结果、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 一、状语从句一览表 种类 从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 when whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. 当我进屋时， 他正在写信。 We shall go there whenev

2、er we are free. 我们什么时候有空， 什么时候就会 去那里。 when指的是“在某 一具体的时间”。 whenever指的是 “在任何一个不具 体的时间”。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 while While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候， 他们出去了。 I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。 比较： All of us are working hard while he is sleeping. (“然而”， 并列连词) while指“在某一 段时间 里”“在期 间”， whil

3、e引导 的动作必须是持 续性的。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 as He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他赶快回家， 一边走一边向后看。 As time goes by, I like China better. 随着时间的流逝， 我越来越喜欢 中国。 as(一边一 边), 引导持续性 动作， 强调主句 和从句的动作同 时发生， 或意为 “随着”。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生， 再做先生。I finish

4、ed my task before I went home. 我做完作业才回家。 before意为 “在之 前”“才”“就”等。 after He arrived after the game started. 比赛开始之后， 他才赶到。 after意为 “在之后”。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 till until We waited till(until) he came back. 我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock. 她到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of si

5、ght, she stood there. 她站在那里， 直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是持续性动 词， 常用肯定式， 表 示“直到为止”；如 主句动词是瞬间动词， 要用否定式， 表示“直 到才”“在以前 不”。从句放在句首表 示强调， 一般用until。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 since Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自从1978年以来，中国发生了巨 大的变化。 Since I came here, I have written home four times. 自从来到这里， 我已经给家里写

6、 了四封信了。 主句动词应为持续性 的， since引导的从句动 词为瞬间(动词)。 since从句若是一般过 去时， 主句用现在完成 时或现在完成进行时。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 as soon as， hardlywhen, no sooner than, the moment， the instant， the minute， the second， immediately， directly， instantly As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you. 我一到上海就给你写信。 I had hardly

7、got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家， 就下雨了。 Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 No sooner had we got to the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站， 火车就走了。 The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌， 就感到很愉快。 它们都意为“一 就”。 hardl

8、y或no sooner位 于句首时， 语气较强， 而且主句的谓语需部 分倒装。 种类从属连词例句说明 时 间 状 语 从 句 every time， each time， last time， next time， by the time Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都晕船。 Next time you come, youll see him. 下次你来的时候， 就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中， 不能用将来时或过 去将来时， 而要用 一般现在时或一般 过去时代替将来时。 种类从属连词例句说明 地 点 状 语 从 句 wh

9、ere wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 哪里有水， 哪里就有生命。 You are free to go wherever you want to. 你可以到你喜欢的任何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪， 都要遵守法律。 where与 wherever意 义基本相同， 但后者语气 较强， 多用 于书面语。 种类从属连词例句说明 原 因 状 语 从 句 because I

10、came back late yesterday because I was on duty. 因为值班，所以昨天我 回来晚了。 because用来回答why 的问 题， 语气最强， 一般放 在主句之后，意为“因 为”。 种类从属连词例句说明 原 因 状 语 从 句 since Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了， 我们 开始开会。 since表示既然或已知的理 由， 稍加分析即可表明的 原因， 多放句首，意为 “既然”“由于”。 种类从属连词例句说明 原 因 状 语 从 句 as for As he didnt kn

11、ow much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary. 由于他英语懂得不多， 他在字典 中查阅这个单词。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet. 昨天一定下过雨， 地还是湿的呢 as与for的区别： as引导的从句可位于 主句之前， 也可放在 主句之后， 说明次要 的原因， 主句说明结 果， 常用于口语中。 for连接的是并列句。 种类从属连词例句说明 原 因 状 语 从 句 now that， seeing that， considering that

12、 Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. 鉴于天气已经晴朗， 我们可以启 程了。 Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重， 我们派人去请 医生去了。 considering that, seeing(that), now that 和since 意义 相似， 都有 “鉴于某个事实” 的意思， that可 以省去。 种类从属连词例句说明 目 的 状 语 从 句 so that (以便) in order that (为了

13、) lestfor fear that (以免) in case (万一) I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来， 以免忘记(以便不忘记)。 Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我们会把真实情况告诉你， 以便你能自己做出判断。 They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of tim

14、e. 为了能提前完成工作， 他们比往常更加努力工作。 Put on more clothes lest( for fear that)you should catch a cold. 多穿点衣服， 以免患感冒。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain. 带上你的雨衣， 以防下雨。 目的状语从句中 常用情态动词 may(might)、 can(could)、 should 等放在动词之前， 从句往往放在主句 之后， 主从句之间 不用任何标点符号。 注意so that和in order that与so as to 和in order to的转换。 种类从

15、属连词例句说明 结 果 状 语 从 句 so that (因此) sothat (如此 以至于) We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放大了， 因 此大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word. 他十分激动， 以至于一句话都说 不出来。 so that前有逗号为 结果状语从句， 这也是与目的状 语从句的区别。 sothat的so后面 跟形容词或副词。 种类从属连词例句说明 结 果 状 语 从 句 suchthat (如此 以至于) He

16、 gave such important reasons that he was excused. 他说出了这么重要的理由， 所以得 到了大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一部如此有趣的小说，所以我 们都想阅读它。 suchthat的such 后面跟名词或名词 短语， 如果名词是 单数就要用such a/anthat， 可以 转换为sothat。 种类从属连词例句说明 条 件 状 语 从 句 if(如果) unless(除非) as/so long as (只要) in case on

17、 condition that so/as far as supposing(that) provided/ providing(that) only if(只有) Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 如果我们不怕困难， 困难就算不了什么了。 We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨， 否则我们明天就去那里。 We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain. So long as you work hard, you wil

18、l succeed. 只要努力， 你就会成功。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘了， 请提醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知， 那本书下月出版。 The company will succeed only if it has sufficient backing. 只有当该公司获得足够的资助时， 它才会成功。 unless从句的谓语只 能用肯定式， unless和 ifnot同义， unless是 书面语， ifnot是口语， 通

19、常二者可以换用。 条件状语从句中的谓 语动词一般要用一般现 在时代替一般将来时， 用一般过去时代替过去 将来时。 种类从属连词例句说明 方 式 状 语 从 句 as as if /though Draw a cat as I taught you yesterday. 按照我昨天教你的方法画只猫。 Do as you are told to. 按照人家告诉你的去做。 She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好像是生病了。 He acted as if(though)nothing had happened. 他表现得就好像什么也没有发生。 They treat the

20、black boy as if(though)he were an animal. 他们像对待牲口一样对待这个黑人小孩。 此处as意为“按 照、 正如”。 as if或as though 的意义和用法基本 一样。从句中可以 用现在时表示可能 符合事实， 也可 以用虚拟语气。 种类从属连词例句说明 让 步 状 语 从 句 though although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了， 但仍开始学 习法语。 We were not tired though (althoug

21、h) we had worked all day. 虽然我们干了一天活， 但并不累。 在句子中一般用了 “虽然”就不能再用“但 是”(but), 但可以与yet或 still连用。 though/although意义 相同， 用法基本一样， 前者通俗， 口语化， 后者正式， 多放主句的 前面。 种类从属连词例句说明 让 步 状 语 从 句 even if even though Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨， 我也要去。 even if和even though意 为“即使”“纵使”， 有 退一步设想的意味， 多用于书面语中。

22、 种类从属连词例句说明 让 步 状 语 从 句 as Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是 一个孩子， 但他懂得很多。 Cold as it is， (Though it is cold，) the children play outdoors. 虽然天气冷， 但孩子们仍在户外玩。 Try as you might, you cant catch me. 尽管你可能努力， 你也抓不到我。 as引导的状语从 句多用于书面语， 它比用though或 although引导的从 句语气强， 更有 表现力， 从句常 放在句首， 谓语 部分需倒装。 种类从属连词例句说明

23、 让 步 状 语 从 句 whether or Your should finish the task whether you like it or not. 不管你喜不喜欢， 你都应该完成任务。 注意与whether引导的名词 性从句的区别： He cant decide whether to enter or not。 (名词性从句中的宾语从句) 种类从属连词例句说明 让 步 状 语 从 句 no matter who/what/ when/where which/how Do it no matter what (whatever) others say. 不管别人怎么说， 尽管干。 N

24、o matter how(however)busy he is, he studies English every day. 不管他多忙， 他都每天坚持学习英语。 No matter who (whoever) takes up the matter for me, I shall be very grateful. 不管谁为我处理这件事， 我都将非常感激。 no matter与 whever引导 的让步状语从 句意义基本一 样， no matter 引导的从句 可以位于主句 前或主句后。 种类从属连词例句说明 让 步 状 语 从 句 whever： whatever/ whoever/ wh

25、enever/ whichever/ however Whatever happens/may happen, we shall not lose heart. 无论发生什么， 我们都不要失 去信心。 Whoever comes, he will be welcomed. 无论谁来， 都会受到欢迎。 whever从句中 的动词有时可以和 may连用。 whever引导的 名词性从句与主句 之间一定没有逗号。 种类从属连词例句说明 比 较 状 语 从 句 asas (与一样) not so/asas (不如一样) the sameas (与一样) suchas suchas,Mary is as

26、 old as my sister. 玛利和我姐姐一样大。 He doesnt run so(as)fast as Jack(does) 他不如杰克跑得那样快。 His book is the same as mine. 他的书和我的一样。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter. 亨利这个工人不如彼得好。 表示同级比 较， 肯定 句用asas, 否定句可用 not asas 或not soas。 种类从属连词例句说明 比 较 状 语 从 句 than (比) She has made greater progress this year than s

27、he did last year. 她今年比去年进步更大。 He bought fewer books than I (did). 他买的书比我买的少。 He runs less fast than me. 他没有我跑得快。 表示不同程度 的比较， 主句 中用比较级的 形容词或副词。 种类从属连词例句说明 比 较 状 语 从 句 the the The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力， 你取得的进步就越大。 The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 此类结构意思 为“越， 越”。 二、wh

28、ere和when引导定语从句和状语从句的区别 1. where引导定语从句， 相当于in which, 如： The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我买书的那家商店离这儿不远。 而where引导状语从句， 相当于in the place where, 如： I found my books where I had left them. 我在丢书的地方找到了我的书。 2. when引导定语从句， 相当于in which, 如： I will never forget those days when we playe

29、d together. 我从来不会忘记我们在一起玩的那些日子。 when引导状语从句， 相当于at the time when, 如： I will return the book when I finish it. 当我看完的时候， 我就会去还这本书。 填入适当的从属连词或从属连词词组。 1. _ John arrived, I was cooking lunch. 2. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. 3. _ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much

30、we still dont know. 4. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. 5. Please dont talk so loud _ others are working. When As Although/While/Though until/till when/while/as 6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginni

31、ng to fail. 7. As is reported，it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. 8. _ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 9. His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. 10. I was about to leave_ the telephone rang. 11. I wont call you, _

32、something unexpected happens. 12. We need to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it. as/because/for since Although/While/Though that when unless before 13. _ I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. 14. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult

33、 it was. 15. My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy. 16. I would be grateful _ you could give me a kind consideration. 17. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it. 18. _online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. When however as long as if w

34、here Although/While/Though 用适当的从属连词及从属连词词组填空。 1. _ he grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening. 2. Are you ready for Spain? Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young. 3. He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. 4

35、. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. As while/when/as before than 5. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. 6. It is so cold _ you should wear more clothes. 7. Good opinions are worth sticking to _ they can benefit us all. 8. The police officers

36、 in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. 9. I was driving down to London _ I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. than that since/as/because in order that/so that when 10. _ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 11. Allow children th