高中英语词汇教学漫谈PPT参考课件

1、2021/3/10授课：XXX1 高中英语词汇教学漫谈高中英语词汇教学漫谈 杭州市余杭第二高级中学杭州市余杭第二高级中学 周建林周建林 2011. 2. 27 杭州杭州 2021/3/10授课：XXX2 讲座提纲讲座提纲 l一、英语词汇教学研究简介 l二、中学英语词汇教学要求 l三、中学英语词汇教学现状 l四、英语词汇教学方法探讨 l五、教程、读物、词典 l六、几点总结 2021/3/10授课：XXX3 第一部分第一部分 英语词汇教学研究简介英语词汇教学研究简介 l词汇的重要性 l词汇习得与阅读 l词汇知识 l“词块”的概念 l一些语料库统计数据 2021/3/10授课：XXX4 词汇对意义表

2、达的重要性词汇对意义表达的重要性 lWilkins (1972): Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. lWiddowson (1978): native speakers can better understand ungrammatical utterances with accurate vocabulary than those with accurate grammar and inaccurate vocabulary. 2021/3/10授

3、课：XXX5 词汇知识促进阅读理解词汇知识促进阅读理解 lAn improvement in reading comprehension can be attributed to an increase in vocabulary knowledge. (Beck, Perfetti, and McKeown, 1982; Kameenui, Carnine, and Freschi, 1982; Stahl, 1983) lIncreased proficiency in high- frequency vocabulary also led to an increase in readin

4、g proficiency. (Coady, Magoto, Hubbard, Graney and Mokhtari, 1993) 2021/3/10授课：XXX6 阅读是习得词汇的主要途径阅读是习得词汇的主要途径 lKrashen (1989;1991;1993a; 1993b): reading is the most efficient means by which to acquire new vocabulary. lKrashen (1993b): Free voluntary reading is the optimal form of comprehensible input

5、; reading provides “messages we understand presented in a low-anxiety situation”. 2021/3/10授课：XXX7 Word knowledge 词汇知识词汇知识 lOrthographical form 拼写形式 lPhonological form 语音形式 lMeaning 词义 lGrammatical behavior 语法特征 lAssociations 联想 lCollocations 词语搭配 lFrequency 词频 lRegister 语域 2021/3/10授课：XXX8 Lexical

6、chunks 词块词块 lVocabulary items are often not single orthographical units, but rather multi- word units. lThe mind uses “chunks” of prefabricated language because these are easier to process and use than an equivalent number of individual words that have to be strung together via syntactical rules. (L

7、ewis, 1993) 2021/3/10授课：XXX9 词块的重要性词块的重要性 lpragmatic competence is determined by a learners ability to access and adapt prefabricated “chunks” of language. (Mattinger hurt her feelings) 语法属性错误 搭配、习惯表达方式错误 2021/3/10授课：XXX21 Soon after the appearance of Diners Club, banks decided to get involved in th

8、e credit card business. In 1956, Bank of America offered a new kind of credit card. With this card, you could either pay your bill in full at the end of the month or make smaller monthly payments. If you didnt pay in full, however, you had to pay interest on your debt. Credit cards started as a conv

9、enience for customers. Businesses used them to hold on to their most valued customers 学生阅读中词汇困难（实例学生阅读中词汇困难（实例 1） 2021/3/10授课：XXX22 学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（1） l拼写错误拼写错误：destory; beleive; acheive; recieve; foreward; benifit; goverment; progames l读音错误读音错误：organize; recognize; calculator; tire; fir

10、e; smile l近似混淆近似混淆：custom/customer; wonder/wander; effect/affect; prevent/protect; invite/invent l辨析困难辨析困难：clever/wise; damage/injure; travel/tour/trip/journey; cross/across; every/each; against/oppose; instead/replace; success/succeed/successful; cost/worth 2021/3/10授课：XXX23 学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（学生英语词汇错误及

11、困难分类（2） l未发现联系导致记忆负担加重未发现联系导致记忆负担加重：image/imagine; mind/remind; remember/memory; receipt/receive; solve/solution; contain/content; participate/take part in; speech/speak; feed/food; bleed/blood; hot/heat; gift/give; century/centimeter/ percent l不懂拼读规或构词法死记硬背不懂拼读规或构词法死记硬背：reproduction; independence;

12、international; occasionally; performance; concentration; mathematics; congratulation; civilization; communication; responsibility; representative; significance; unfortunately; technologically; economically; sympathetic; phenomenon 2021/3/10授课：XXX24 学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（3） l词义误解词义误解： lShe went

13、 home after class because she felt uncomfortable. lThe five-year-old boy is very wise. lDo you know Obama? lWhat can we know from the last paragraph? lI was late because I had to send my mother to hospital. lI went to Janes party and sent her a CD. lI slept very late last night. lWould you help me l

14、ook after my dog while Im away? lThey asked me to introduce my method of learning English. 2021/3/10授课：XXX25 学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（4） l词类属性错误词类属性错误： lWenchuan happened a big earthquake on May 12, 2008. lA big earthquake was happened in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. lThe design was proved to be a s

15、uccess. lHe has bought some furnitures for his new apartment. l Im going to ask her to marry with me on St Valentines Day. l搭配错误搭配错误：to this direction; by/ through this way; be familiar to/with?; agree to/with/?; because of this reason; a great number of money 2021/3/10授课：XXX26 学生英语词汇错误及困难分类（学生英语词汇错

16、误及困难分类（5） l句型（结构）错误句型（结构）错误： lI hope you to come again. lWelcome to visit our school! lI look forward to see you soon. lI wish you succeed/successful. lOur teacher suggested us to read stories. lYou are necessary to increase your English vocabulary. lThe heavy snow made people impossible to drive. 2

17、021/3/10授课：XXX27 中学生英语词汇学习的误区中学生英语词汇学习的误区 l只关注拼写和汉语释义，忽视英语解释、形态 变化、语法属性、特定内涵、适用句型（结构） l只学单词本身，不记搭配（词块）和相关词汇 （同义词、反义词等） l脱离语境“背单词”，不熟读课文，不抄例句 l满足于reception（我懂了），忽视production （我会用了吗？） l过度依赖教辅书，懒得动手查词典 l只是死记硬背，不动脑筋，不找规律 l重视记忆，忽视运用（造句、表达思想） 2021/3/10授课：XXX28 对高中生英语词汇学习的建议对高中生英语词汇学习的建议 l跟老师或录音正确朗读单词、短语 l

18、听老师讲解具体单词的知识和记忆方法（拼读规则、构 词法、词族、搭配、同义词、反义词、联想、记忆术、 适用句型、特殊用法等） l动手抄写单词（包括变化形态） l自己查词典，摘抄英语释义、句型、例句，并模仿造句 （不要用词汇手册） l在口语练习和书面表达中尽量多用刚学的词汇 l认真对待自己作业中的词汇错误 l熟读课文，强化词汇记忆 l课外大量泛读泛听，增加词汇接触机会 Explicit vocabulary teaching Deep processing 2021/3/10授课：XXX29 教师在英语词汇教学中存在的教师在英语词汇教学中存在的 问题、原因分析及建议问题、原因分析及建议 l过度关注

19、单词的拼写和汉语释义，忽视其他要素 l脱离语境教词汇（领读，空讲用法） l没有创设足够多的词汇运用机会 l对学生书面作业中的词汇错误没有应对措施 l好的词汇专项练习不多 l缺少词汇学习策略、方法、技巧的指导 l只授之以“鱼”，没有向学生揭示词汇内在规律 l词汇教学方法随机性（incidental）较大 ，计划 性（intentional）不够 2021/3/10授课：XXX30 第四部分第四部分 英语词汇教学方法讨论英语词汇教学方法讨论 l直接词汇教学法 l间接词汇教学法 l“记忆术”（mnemonic）的应用 l“深层加工” 假设 l中学英语词汇教学的基本原则 2021/3/10授课：XXX

20、31 英语词汇的两类教学方法英语词汇的两类教学方法 l直接教学法（direct/explicit/intentional） 以词汇教学为教学目标，对词的结构、意 义和用法进行分析、讲解和操练；有计划的 l间接教学法（indirect/implicit/incidental） 通过阅读、听说等活动，间接地达到扩大 词汇量的目的；随机的 directindirect 2021/3/10授课：XXX32 实证研究一：实证研究一：Yun, 1989 l对象：32名中等水平的ESL学生 l材料：Tom Sawyer的简写本 l测试：书中的60个生词 l方法：前测；后测 l结果：这本书读完一遍后，学生无意

21、地 （incidentally）学会了书中约16%的生词， 平均每人学会了106个生词。 2021/3/10授课：XXX33 实证研究二：实证研究二：Dupuy and Krashen, 1993 l对象：美国学法语的学生 l材料：电影Trs hommes et un couffin l方法：课堂上阅读电影剧本和观看电影 l结果：1小时内无意地学到了510个生词。 2021/3/10授课：XXX34 词汇教学的一些方法词汇教学的一些方法 lMnemonic 记忆术记忆术 (Elllis Hulstijin, 1997; Levin, Levin, Glashman, Pressley et a

22、l., 1987; Wang, Thomas, Knight, 1994) lIncidental word learning 随机词汇学习随机词汇学习 (Dupuy Fraser, 1999; Paribakht Pitts, White, W, W2, W3 (based on the Longman Corpus Network) lOxford 3000: just under 3,000 words (based on the BNC and Oxford Corpus Collection) lA Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Ameri

23、can English: top 5000 most frequently- used words, plus 31 thematic vocabulary lists, (based on COCA) 2021/3/10授课：XXX40 推荐高中生英语词典推荐高中生英语词典 牛津高阶英汉双解 词典（第7版） 朗文当代高级英语 词典（第4版） 剑桥高阶英汉双解 词典 牛津英汉 双解小词典 （第9版） 2021/3/10授课：XXX41 几本著名英语词典的词汇数据几本著名英语词典的词汇数据 词典LongmanOxfordCambridgeMacmillan 总收词 量 230,000词 条短语词

24、义 183,500170,000 ? 释义词释义词 汇量汇量 20003000?2500 标记高 频词汇 30003000 E: 4900 I: 3300 A: 3700 7500 2021/3/10授课：XXX42 推荐给英语教师的词典推荐给英语教师的词典 lCambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (3rd edition) lCollins COBUILD Advanced Learners English Dictionary (5th edition) lLongman Dictionary of Contemporary English (5th

25、 edition) lMacmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2nd edition) lOxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (8th edition) lMerriam-Webstes Advanced Learners English Dictionary l灵格斯词霸 l巴比伦电脑词典 2021/3/10授课：XXX43 Merriam-Websters Advanced Learners English Dictionary demand verb -mands; -manded; -m

26、anding +obj 1: to say in a forceful way that something must be done or given to you: to say that you have a right to (something) The customer demanded a refund; He demanded an apology. Parents demanded that the teacher resign. The reporter demanded to see the documents. I demand to know what is goin

27、g on here! l2: to say or ask (something) in a very forceful way “Come here at once!” he demanded. “Why wont you answer me?” she demanded. l3: to require (something) He is very sick and demands constant care.=he has to be given constant care The situation demands immediate action. A certain standard of dress is demanded by some professions. =some people have t