新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳

1、新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit 1Whats the matter?重点短语 :have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake one s temperaturehave a fevergo to a doctorto one s surpriseagree to (do sth.)get into troublebe used totake risksrun out (of)cut offget out ofbe in control ofkeep on ( doing sth）.give up语言知识归纳：1. What s the matte

2、r (with you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What s wrong with you?/ What s the trouble?matter 作动词用，意为 “要紧 ”“有关系 ”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter?It doesn t matter.【例题】 Does it _ if we cant finish it today?A. mindB. mindsC. matterD. matters2. I have a sore throat.have 患“病 ”，常用 “ have a /an+名词 ”.have a coldhave

3、 a feverhave a sore backhave a stomachachehave a cough【例题】 ()-Does he often have _ cold?-Yes. He also _a cough and a sorethroat.A. a; hasB. /; hasC. a; haveD. /; have3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying4.That s probably why那.可能就是原因。probably 意为 “很可能

4、，大概 ”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn t ask me to他the没有party请我.参加聚会使我很伤心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交车司机， 24 岁的王平24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“ 24岁的 ”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】 A_girl named Dong

5、Xinyi looked after her disabled father.A. three-year-oldB. three-years-oldC. Three years old7. expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼expect 的常见用法 : expect+名词 /代词 expect to do sth. expect sb. to do sth.The old man is expecting his daughter svisit.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad.Do you expect him to teach

6、 you English?八年级英语下册知识点 第 1 页 共 17 页expect +从句I expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】 expect 与 look forward to两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.I m looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是to one s surprise表示 “令人惊奇的是 ”，相当于 “主语 +be+surprised ” To his surprise, he found the gir

7、l was bind.= He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】 in surprise 表示 “惊奇的 ”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。 be surprised at表示 “对 感到惊讶 ”。We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们很诧异。 surprising 表示 “使人惊奇的 ”，作表语时，主语是事物。9. They

8、don t want any trouble他.们不想惹麻烦。 trouble 用作名词，意为 “烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等 ”。His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。 What s the trouble?怎么了？ trouble 用作动词，意为 “麻烦，打扰 ”。I m sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble 陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难【例题】 -How is your Englis

9、h study?-Not bad. But I_learning English grammar.A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10. 辨析 used to do sth. 与 be used to sth. / doing sth.过去常常习惯于某事 /做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard wor

10、k.11. 辨析run out 与 run out of人+ run out ofThey have run out of the water.物+ run out (不可用于被动语态）The money is running out.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项() Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.A. ate upB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision作出决定de

11、cision 为 decide 的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. be in control of管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法： 情态动词 should 的用法（1）should 后接动词原形，变否定句在should 后加 not, 变一般疑问句时将should 提前。（2）should 常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired. You should lie down and rest.八年级英语下册知识点 第 2 页

12、共 17 页表推测，意为 “该，按理应当 ”。Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute.Unit 2I ll help to clean up the city parks.重点短语 :clean upby oneselfcheer upput offgive output onused togive awaytake afterset upmake a differencecare forcome up with语言知识归纳：1. give out 分发，发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送give

13、in 屈服，投降give up 放弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2.come up with 提出，想出(1)表示 “想出或提出 ”，相当于 think ofI think she can come up with a good idea(2)come up with 还可表示“赶上 ”,相当于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them【例题】 () We must _a plan to improve your math.A. pick upB. catch up withC. come up withD. m

14、ake up3. I runv out of it. 我已经把它用完了。run out of 表示 “用完，用光 ”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】 run out of 还可表示 “从 跑出来 ”。Bill ran out of the room.Bill 从房间里跑出来。run 构成的短语还有run away 逃走run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】 () When your money_, please come to me for some.A. runs out ofB. runs outC. is running out ofD. is r

15、un out4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】 take after 与 look liketake after 意为 “长得像，行为、性格等像 ”,尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】 take 构成的短语take uptake

16、 offtake placetake one s timetake care【例题】 () -You ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother.A. look afterB. take afterC. take fromD. look for5. set up 创办，建立set up 为副词短语，与 start, establish同义They ve set up a company他.们创办了一家公司。八年级英语下册知识点 第 3 页 共 17 页与 set 相关的短语还有：set out 动身，开始（做某事）set o

17、ff 出发，引起，激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有 Lucky.it 是形式宾语You made it possible for me to catch up with others.你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】 () He found _hard to go to sleep with the light on.A. itB. thatC. heD. him7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Lucky 对我的生活产生了

18、很大的影响。make a big difference 意为 “对产生很大的影响 ”，difference 在此为 “影响 ”的意思。【例题】 () The heavy snow didn t _ the international airlines.A. pay attention toB. add toC. make a difference toD. keep to8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以为，认为imagine （ v.想象） imagination（ n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）9.help. out 帮 克服困难，帮分担工作The t

19、eacher often helps his students out那.位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.be excited about. 对 兴奋I m excited about the game of Li Na我.对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting 修饰物重点语法： 动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1) 动词 +介词这类动词短语主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I m looking for m

20、y pen.Don t laugh at the poor man.(2)动词 +副词这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时， 名词可放在副词前面或后面； 宾语是代词时， 代词只能放在副词前面。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up.It took him two hours to work it out.(3) 动词 +名词 +介词这类动词短语有： have a look at, make f

21、riends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4) 动词 +形容词 +介词这类动词短语有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in,be good at等。【例题】 (1) () When you dont know a word, you can _in th

22、e dictionary.A. look it upB. set it upC. give it upD. pick it up(2) () We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous _its sea food.A. ofB. toC. forD.asUnit 3Could you please clean your room?八年级英语下册知识点 第 4 页 共 17 页重点短语 :take out the rubbishmake the bedall the timeborrow some moneyhelp with h

23、ouseworkhang out with.a waste of timein order toas.as.take care ofin surprisedo the dishesas a result语言知识归纳：1. work on 从事于；着手干The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在写一本新书。She is going to work on her physics project. 她打算从事她的物理项目。【例题】 () The scientists are_inventing some methods of producing elect

24、ricity.A. working onB. working outC. working atD. working for2. at least 至少at least修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。翻译短语位 at most,意为 “至多，最多 ”。He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the time事.情一直在变化。【拓展】 time 相关的短语on time 准时at the same

25、time同时in time 及时From time to time 偶尔the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。() I always go shopping on Friday.A. all the timeB. all the sameC.all alongD. all the way5. I m just as tired as you are!我和你一样累。as.as意为 “和 一样 ”,表示同级比较。 as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为

26、 not as/so.as,意为 “不如 ”。The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例题】 () He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France.A.as clear asB. clearer thanC. as clearly asD. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did 一I.个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。so,neither 倒装

27、句型So + 助动词 / be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语Neither + 助动词 / be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语/ be 动词 / 情态动词这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样。助动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So 依附于肯定句， neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.Lily isn t a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例题】 () -I never drink coffee.-_.A.So do I B. So did I C.

28、Neither did I D. Neither do I 7. 辨析 borrow 与 lendborrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物八年级英语下册知识点 第 5 页 共 17 页lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人【注】 borrow,lend 都是非延续性动词，如果要表示“借多长时间 ”要用 keep。【例题】 () Although you like the book, you may only _it for two weeks.A. borrowB. keepC. lendD. stay8. spend v. 花费（金

29、钱；时间）spend + 钱/时间 + on sth. 在 上花费时间或金钱 spend + 时间 +( in) doing sth. 花时间做某事【例题】 () Yang Feng _ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peopleA. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends 8. provide v. 提供；给予provide sth.The restaurant provide the best vide sb. with sth.The parents provide the

30、children with food and vide sth. for sb.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【例题】 () To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers.A. takeB. showC. provideD. carry10. depend on 依靠；依赖；相信depend on为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态As we know, good results

31、 depend on hard work.You can t depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。the + 比较级 .， the + 比较级 .“越 就越 ”The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.【例题】 () -There was thick haze(雾霾 ) in our

32、 city this spring. What do you think of it ？-I think _cars we drive, _pollution our city will have.A. the fewer; the fewerB. the fewer; the lessC. The more; the fewerD. the more; the less11. in order to 的用法(1) in order to 意为 “为了 ”，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. W

33、e have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2)含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由so that 或 in order that 引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus

34、.12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为 “结果是 ”。He didn t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn t work out the maths problem.【注】 as a result of 的意思是 “由于，因为 ”， 相当于 because of。Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rai

35、n.【例题】 () The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam.A. Ia factB. On timeC. After allD. As a result八年级英语下册知识点 第 6 页 共 17 页Unit 4Why dont youtalk to your parents?重点短语 :look throughwork outget on withcut outcompare.within one s opiniona big dealso thatget into a fightcommunicate withnot.until.call sb

36、. upinstead of语言知识归纳：1. Why don t you talk to your parents?Why don t you do sth.= Why not do sth.为什么不 “ ?”【拓展】提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.?我们做某事好吗？You d better(not) do sth你.最好（不）做某事。Why don t you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？2. allow v. 允许，许可 allow

37、 sb. to do sth. 允许某人“做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “允许做某事 ”She doesn t allow smoking in her house. allow+名词We can t allow such a thing.【例题】 () Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m.A. to stay upB. stay upC. staying upD. and stay up3. work out 产生效果，进展Things

38、 worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通I can t communicate with them at the moment此刻.我无法同他们进行交流。 communication n.交流People can t get on well with each other without communication没

39、有.交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。()People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate 5. argue vi. 争论；争吵argue with sb. 与某人争论Don t argue with your parents不.要和你的父母争论。argue的名词形式是“ argument ” , have an argument with与sb某.人辩论。Alice hand an argument with he

40、r best friend.【例题】 ()I never argue _my parents.A.inB.toC.forD.with6. instead adv. 代替，顶替八年级英语下册知识点 第 7 页 共 17 页If you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】 instead 与 instead ofinstead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。He didn t answer. He asked his father instead.We eat

41、 rice instead of noodles.【例题】 () What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel.A.because ofB. instead ofC.together withD.out7. offer v. 提供；提出；建议 offer 做 “提供 ”讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the

42、 man a cup of tea. offer 还有 “提出，建议 ”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例题】 () The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other pare 作动词，意为 “比较，和 相比 ”。 compa

43、re.with.把同 相比较Parents shouldn t always compare theirrenchildwith others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。 compare.to. 把比作People often compare the life to a stage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】 () My handwriting can not be compared_ my father s.A. toB. withC. onD.for11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. retu

44、rn 意为 “归还 ”，其后可接双宾语return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.Don t forget to return me the keys. return 还有 “返回 ”的意思，相当于 go back, 后接地点时需要介词 to。 He returned to Shanghai a week ago.【例题】 那本书你还给图书馆了吗？Did you _the book_the library?() I don t know when we will _Hong Kong.A. return backB. return toC. return back

45、toD.returnUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?重点短语 :go offpick upfall asleepdie downmake one s wayin silencetake downat firstwait forin a messthe rest ofhave meaning tobasketball competitionas wellmake sure语言知识归纳：八年级英语下册知识点 第 8 页 共 17 页1. while 当 的时候作连词引导时间状语从句，在 while 引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是

46、延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door. when 意为 “当 时 ”，动作有一前一后的意思。 When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作连词时也可理解为 “然而 ”，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesn t.【例题】 () Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast.A.untilB.whileC.bec

47、auseD.though()Mary was talking on the phone _someone knocked at the door.A.whileB.beforeC.whenD.after2. make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 从句【例题】 () Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.A.make sure B.turn up C.come ou

48、t D.look for 3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get 意为 “到达 ”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket ?表示 “到达 ”的三种形式： arrive 意为到达at + 小地点arrivein + 大地点 get to 后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning. reach 意为 “到达 ”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach Amer

49、ica?【例题】 () Please write to me as soon as you _ your school.A.get toB.reach toC.arriveD.come() -When did your aunt_in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon.A.reachB.getC.arriveD.come4. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.hear 动词 , 意为 “听说 ”。常用结构

50、为： hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 听说某人或某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 hear + that从句听说【例题】 ()Tom likes to _others but he never writes to them.A.hearB.hear ofC.hear aboutD.hear from()-When did you _the news?-Just now.A.hear aboutB.hear fromC.heardD.hearing八年级英

51、语下册知识点 第 9 页 共 17 页5. I played the songwithout any mistakes.without 介词 ,意为 “无；没有 ”，其反义词为 with, 后接名词、代词或动词ing。Fish can t live without water.He went to work without having breakfast.【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。She entered the room_ _at the door.你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？Can you see clearly _your _Unit 6An old man tried to move

52、the mountains.重点短语 :a little bitinstead oonce upon a timefall in loveget marriedas soon asinstead ofgive birth tobe o语言知识归纳：2. try 的用法 try to do sth.尽力做某事He is trying to learn English. try doing sth. 试着做某事You should try taking more exercise. try ones best尽力I ll try my best to help him. try on试穿Would you like to try this dress on?2. remind vt. 使想起，