建筑与环境设备工程外文翻译

1、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题 目：浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗系部名称：专业班级：学生姓名：学 号：指导教师： 教师职称：讲师浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗摘要：研究建筑环境，了解暖通空调负荷产生的原因及影响因素， 可以更加 合理地提出解决问题的方法。关键词：建筑环境暖通空调能耗浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗能源为经济的发展提供了动力，但是由于各种原因，能源的发展往往滞后于 经济的发展。近几年，中国的国民生产总值的增长率维持在约10%，但是能源的增长率只有3%4%。这样的形势要求我们必须节能。建筑能源消耗在社会 总能耗中的比例较大，发达国家的建筑用能一般占到全国总能耗的 30%40%; 中国采暖区的城镇人

2、口虽然只占全国人口的 13.6 %，但是采暖用能却占全国总 能耗的9.6 %。建筑节能是建筑发展的基本趋势，也是当代建筑科学技术的一个 新的生长点。现代建筑的必要组成部分暖通空调领域也已经收到这种趋势的影响， 暖通空调系统中的节能正在引起暖通空调工作者的加合理地提出解决问题的方 法。暖通空调能耗的组成为了创造舒适的室内空调环境，必须消耗大量的能源。暖通空调能耗是建筑 能耗中的大户，居统计在发达国家中暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的65%，以建筑能耗占总能耗的356%计算，暖通空调能耗占总能耗的比例竟高达 22.75 %，由 此可见建筑节能工作的重点应该是暖通空调的节能。 从暖通空调的能耗组成可以 看出

3、：暖通空调系统的能耗主要决定于空调冷、热负荷的确定和空调系统的合理 配置，空调系统的布置和空调设备的选择是以空调负荷为依据的。所以暖通空调节能的关键是空调外界负荷和内部负荷的确定， 而暖通空调节能工作也应该从这 个方面着手，合理布置建筑物的位置，正确选择外墙、门、窗、屋顶的形状及材 料等，尽量减少空调负荷。室内环境的影响暖通空调的目标是为人们提供舒适的生活和生产室内热环境，主要包括：室内空气温度、空气湿度、气流速度以及人体与周围环境（包括四壁、地面、顶棚 等）之间的辐射换热（简称环境热辐射）等。在一般的舒适性空调中，以能够使人体保持 平衡而满足人们的舒适感觉为目的；在恒温恒湿或有洁净要求的工艺

4、性空调中， 一切以满足生产工艺为目标。而房屋的建筑热工设计是恰当地利用房屋维护结构 的热导性，抵抗室外气候的变化，使房间内产生舒适的微气候。围护结构暖通空 调负荷的影响围护结构包括外围结构和内围护结构。外围护结构主要包括屋面、 外墙和窗户（包括阳台门等）；内围护结构主要包括地面、顶棚、内隔墙等。在 采暖建筑中，围护结构的传热热损失占总的热损失的比例是较大的，以4个单元6层的砖墙、混凝土楼板的典型多层建筑为例，在北京地区，通过围护结构的传 热热损失约占全部热损失的77% （其中外墙25%,窗户24%,楼梯间隔墙11%, 屋面9%,阳台门下部3%,地面2%）;通过门窗缝隙的空气渗透热损失约占 23

5、%;在哈尔滨地区，通过围护结构的传热热损失约占全部热损失的71%（其中外墙28%,窗户28%，屋面9%,阳台门下部1%,外门1%,地面4%）; 通过门窗缝隙的空气渗透热损失约占 29%。由此可见改善围护结构的热工性能 对于暖通空调节能具有重要意义。建筑规划设计对暖通空调节能的影响规划设计时建筑节能设计的重要方面，规划节能设计应从建设选址、分区、 建筑和道路布局走向、建筑方位朝向、建筑体型、建筑间距、冬季季风主导方向、 太阳辐射、建筑外部空间环境构成等方面进行研究。以优化建筑的微气候环境；有利于节能，充分重视和利用太阳能、冬季主导 风向、地形和地貌，利用自然因素。节能规划设计就是分析成气候的决定

6、因素、 辐射因素、大气环流因素和地理因素的有利、 不利影响，通过建筑的规划布局对 上述因素进行充分利用、改造，形成良好的居住条件和有利于节能的微气候环境。 建筑旁边的绿化不但有防风、隔声、防尘和美化环境的作用，而且对于建筑节能 也有重要作用。因为首先树木可以从根部吸收水分， 同过叶面蒸发，从而降低空气温度，其 次树木有很好的遮阳作用，从而使建筑物直接受到的太阳辐射及从地面得到的辐 射热减少，二是树木有引导风及挡风的作用。此外，地面不但会反射太阳辐射， 而且其本身辐射升高后又会成为新的热辐射源。所以尽量种草、植树，避免地面土壤裸露，并减少不必要的大面积混凝土地坪对于减少空调负荷，达到节能的目的是

7、非常重要的手段。而且清洁的室外环境对于洁净空调系统的有效运行和空调 箱过滤器的寿命也是有利的。总之，建筑环境是影响暖通空调能耗的重要因素， 从建筑环境着手考虑是解 决暖通空调节能问题的关键，也是一种积极的节能工作作者认为应着重以下方面的 工作：（1）制定相应的政策法规。制定政策法规对建筑节能工作具有指导意义，而且以法规的形式出现，一则表示政府重视和鼓励，二则可以为节能工作的开展 提供法律依据。近年来国务院和有关部委也颁布了相关的建筑节能法规；此外各地方政府也根据气候条件和能源特点， 制定了各自的建筑节能标准和规定； 但是 总的来说法规和政策还有待进一步的完善。（2）推动科技的进步。暖通空调节能

8、工作的顺利开展离不开技术的进步。 国家在制定节能政策时，即指明了发展方向，同时也鼓励了技术进步。只有依靠 科技的发展，不断优化能源结构和用能方式，才能够真正做到节能，创造巨大的 社会效益和经济效益。（3）加强专业间的协调。建筑是各工种配合的产物，建筑专业在考虑建筑 环境时，不但要从建筑功能、建筑美学等方面考虑，还要与设备工种进行配合， 充分重视建筑环境、建筑材料等对暖通空调乃至建筑能耗的影响，各工种协调工 作，共同完成节能设计。总之从建筑内外环境着手，不断优化建筑热功能，充分利用有利的建筑环境，必然会创造出适宜的室内热环境，同时也必将有利于暖通 空调节能的发展参考文献？1 姚江波，白蔚君绿色建

9、筑与建筑节能J.华中建筑.2000?2 魏东杰，胡彤.绿色建筑中暖通空调的应用 J.河北建筑科技学院学 报.2003本文摘译自2013年第7期企业导报杂志目次with the warmSummary:The research con structs en vir onment, un dersta nding a warm an air con diti on to carry output reas on and in flue ncing factor, can be more and reas on ably put forward solve problem of method.Key

10、word:C on structi ng a warm of en vir onment an air con diti on to con sumeFirst,Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to con sume with the warmThe energy provided motive for the development of the economy, but because of various reason, the development of the energy is a usually be

11、hind in economy of development.In the last few years, the growth rate maintenance of citizens total output value of China are in about 10%, but the growth rate of the energy only have 3% s 4%.Such situations requesting us has to economize on energy.The comparison that constructs the energy depletion

12、 in the society always the ability consume compares greatly, the building of the flourishing nations use can have to the whole country gen erally and always can con sume of 30% s 40%;Ch ina adopts the town population of the warm area although only 13.6% that have national population, adopt warm use

13、an ability but have a whole country and always can consume of 9.6%.C on struct the economy en ergy is the basic trend of the buildi ng developme nt, is also a new growth ofwith the con temporary buildi ng scie nee tech nique to order.The necessity of the modern building constitutes a part of warm, t

14、he air condition realm has already received the in flue nee of this kind of trend as well, warm the economy en ergy with in air con diti on system is cause a warm the atte nti on of the air con diti on worker, and aims at different of the adopt of energy characteristics and the dissimilarity buildin

15、g of the nation,region is warm,well ventilated,the air condition request develop a related economy energy technique.The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output reason andinfluencing factor, can be more and reasonably put forward solve problem of method.

16、(1) the destruction and pollution of the environment of our countrys traditional construction industry is very big.Systems construction and environment relationship is purely to bestow, is naturally turn to adapt to the construction, the consequences of doing so is necessarily provoke human nature.

17、The natural disaster to mankind in color. The correct relationship between architecture and ecology, should be less disturbance of the building ecology, architecture and ecology. Although this approach seems to be more difficult, but, in fact, it is feasible. Especially in the HV AC field there are

18、many ways to the relationship between architecture and ecology to form a harmonious relationship between the natural. Between the two links, promote each other. Deep research, we found that the HVAC energy consumption is the biggest is heating and refrigeration, and produced by users in these two po

19、ints is the determining factor in the HVAC system cooling load parameters, the two parameters determines the air conditioning operating conditions and system configurations. Internal users demand is an internal load, and the external environment influences the external load of the HVAC system. So fo

20、r the HVAC energy saving and consumption must be resolved from the two aspects. In the actual construction process, we found the building toward the position, and in the process of building envelope, door materials, window sealing condition of size and shape and so on will have a very important infl

21、uence on the air conditioning load, and green building is at the foot of the effort. (2) the retaining structure includes the external and internal. The peripheral structure mainly includes the roof, walls and windows; in the retaining structure mainly includein groundcrestinside separate wall etc.

22、In building heating and building envelope heat loss accounted for the proportion of the total heat loss is larger, in the Beijing area, through the envelope structure heat transfer heat losses accounted for 77% of the total heat loss; through gaps of doors and windows of air infiltration heat loss a

23、ccounted for 23%; in Harbin area, envelope structure heat transfer heat losses accounted for 71% of the total heat loss; through gaps of doors and windows of air infiltration heat lossaccounted for 29%. This shows that improving the thermal performance of building envelope is of great significance t

24、o the HVAC energy saving. (3) planning and design an important aspect of the construction of energy-efficient design, siting and planning the construction of energy-saving design should be, zoning, building and road layout to, toward the building orientation, building size, building space and winter

25、 monsoon leading direction, solar radiation, exterior space environment composition. In order to optimize the construction of micro climate environment, it is conducive to energy conservation, full attention and use of solar energy, wind direction, topography and geomorphology in winter, the use of

26、natural factors. Energy-saving planning and design is the analysis into the determinants of climate, radiation, atmospheric circulation factors and geographic factors advantageous and disadvantageous influence, through the architectural layout of the above factors to make the transformation, the for

27、mation of good living conditions and micro climate environment conducive to energy conservation.Second,Warm the air condition can consume of constituteFor creating comfortable indoor air condition environment, have to consume a great deal of energy.Warm the air condition can consume is the building

28、can consume medium of big door, reside to statistics a warm an air condition in the flourishing nation and can consume to have 65% that building can consume, canning consume to share by building always can consume of 356% calculation, warm the air condition can consume to share and always can consum

29、e of the comparison is up to 22.75% unexpectedly, be showed from this the building economy energy work of point should be warm the economy energy of the air condition.The air condition can consume to constitute and can see from the warm:Warm the air condition system can consume main the decision is

30、cold in the air condition,hot the burden really certainly installs with the reasonableof the air condition system, the decoration of the air condition system and the choice of the ai-rcondition take the air condition burden as basis of.So warm air condition economy energy of the key is the air condi

31、tion the external worldto carry to carry and inner part really settle, and warm air condition economy energy the work should also beg in from this aspect, reas on able decorati on build ing of position, the exactitude chooses the shape and material etc.s of the outside wall,door,w in dow,roof, reduc

32、i ng air con diti on burde n as far as possible.Third,The in flue nce of the in door en vironmentWarm the target of the air condition is for people to provide comfortable life and produce in door hot en vir onmen。Take can make the huma n body hold the bala nce but satisfy peoples comfortable felling

33、 as a purpose in the general comfortable sex air con diti on ;l n the con sta nt temperature wetly or have the craft air con diti on ofwith clea n request, everythi ng takes satisfy ing to produce a craft as a target.But the building of the house the hot work design is the heat that the fitting land

34、 utilization uses the house maintenance structure to lead sex, resisting the variety of the outdoors weather, maki ng comfortable tiny weather of creatio n in side the room.Round to protect a warm of structure the in flue nce ofwith air con diti on burde n Round to protect structure to in clude the

35、outer circle structure with in side round to protect structure.The outer circle protects structure to main ly in clude the house no odles,outside wall and win dow;(i nclude the vera nda door etc.) In side round to protect structure to main ly in cludei n groun d,crest, in side separate wall etc.I n

36、adopt the warm building, the comparison that rounds to protect structure to transmit heat hot loss to share total heat to lose is bigger, with 4 units 6 the brick wall,the concrete building knothole typical model of the layers many layer buildings for example, the regi on in Pek ing, pass to round t

37、o protectstructure to tran smit heat hot lose about 77% of have the all hot loss;(am ong them outside the wall is 25%, the window is 24%, the stairs partition wall is 11%, the house no odles is 9%, the vera nda door the lower part is 3%, ground 2%)The air that passes the doors and win dows bli nd si

38、de permeate hot lose to have 23% about;The regi on in Harbin, pass to round to protect structure to tran smit heat hot lose about 71% of have the all hot loss;(among them outside the wall is 28%, the window is 28%, the house no odles is 9%, the vera nda door the lower part is 1%, the outside door is

39、 1%, ground 4%)The air that passes the doors and win dows bli nd side permeate hot lose to have 29% about.Be showed from this an improveme nt to round hot work fun cti on of protect the structure an air condition for the warm.The economy en ergy has importa nt meaning.Fourth , In flue nee con struct

40、ed the program mingdesig n an aircon diti on economy en ergy to the warm.Program a desig n con struct the importa nt aspect ofwith the economy en ergy desig n, program ing economy en ergy a desig n should choose an address from the con struct ion,cent area,the build ing and road set up an alig nmen

41、t,buildi ng direct ions toward,build ing type offigure,build ing be apart from,w in ter mon soon predo minance directi on ,the sun radiati on, build ing the exterior space en vir onmen t con stitute etc. carry on a research.With excellent turn the tiny weather environment of the building;Beadva ntag

42、eous to economy en ergy, full value and make use of the solar en ergy,w in ter predo minance directi on of win d,geography and geography, make use of n atural factor.The desig n of econo mize on en ergy the program ming is the ben eficial and disadva ntageous in flue nce of decisi on factor,the radi

43、ati on factor,the atmospheric-circulatio n factor and the geography factor that an alyzes to make good, pass ing a build ing of the program ming layout carries on to the above-me nti oned factor full make use of,reformati on, become to live a con diti on and be adva ntageous to the tiny weather en v

44、ir onment ofwith economy en ergy goodly.The flank of the buildi ng of gree n turn to have already defe nded breeze and separate a voice,dust palliative and beautify en vir onment not only of function, and for buildi ng the economy en ergy also has an importa nt fun cti on.Because the tree can absorb

45、 humidity from the root first, leading leafs noodles toevaporate together, loweri ng the air temperature thus, sec on dly the tree is good hide the sun function, make thus the building be subjected to directly of the sun radiati on and get from the ground of the radiatio n heat reduce, two is the fu

46、n cti on that the tree has leadi ng breeze and blocks breeze .In additi on, the ground will reflect the sun radiati on not only, and its radiati on become aga in after go up new of hot radiati on source.So grow grass and pla nt trees as far as possible, avoid the ground soil bare, and reduce the oti

47、ose and big area con crete ground ping for reduce the air con diti on burde n, the purpose that atta ins economy en ergy is a count for much mean s.A nd outdoors en vir onment sweep for clea n air con diti on system of valid circulate and the air condition box the life span of the filter is also ben

48、eficial.In fine, the buildi ng en vir onment is in flue nce a warm, the air con diti on can con sume ofimporta nt factor, from con struct en vir onment to beg in con siderati on is the key that resolves awarm an air con diti on economy en ergy a problem, is also a kind of aggressive economy en ergy

49、work the author thi nk and should emphasize a follow ing work:(1) the establishme nt corresp ond of policy laws.Draw up the policy laws to economize on energy a work to have meaning of instruction to the building, and is appear with the form of the laws, on then meaning a government a value anden co

50、uragi ng, two can work for the economy en ergy of ope n an exhibiti on to provide law a basis .In rece nt years State Departme nt with releva nt departme nt the also promulgated a related buildi ng economy en ergy laws;I n additi on each local gover nment also accord ing to the weather con diti on and the en ergy characteristics, draw up each from of the buildi ng economy en ergy sta ndard