初一英语名词讲解及练习

1、名词一、名词分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education 等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama,China Central Television等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词： 可数名词和不可数名词(1) 可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词 : 表示个体的人或

2、事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A.单数表示 “一个 ”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、 an apple（一个苹果）、 an orange（一个橘子）等。B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如 two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周） 等。集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成

3、词形复数形式的构成方法例 词cat cats在词尾加 -s。（在清辅音后读 s，在浊辅音book-books大多数名词及元音后读 z 。）dog-dogsbag bagsboy- boys以 s、 x、 ch、 sh 结在词尾加 -es, 读作 iz 。glass glasses尾的名词match matches把 y 变成i , 加 -es, 读作 izcity cities以辅音字母+y结但专有名词例外，直接在y 后加 -s, 读作 Canadian Canadians尾的名词zAmerican Americans+o 结 一般直接加-es,读作 z;tomato tomatoes以辅音字

4、母potato potatoes尾的名词某些词例外 ,加 -skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以元音字母 +o 结尾zoo zoos直接加 -s, 但读作 z的名词radio radios有的直接加-s, 读作 zroof roofs以 f 或 fe结尾的名leaf leaves词大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 -es,读作 zwife wivesknife knivesyourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例 词man menfoot feet通过改变词内元音字母tooth teethmouse

5、mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en 或 -ren ox oxen（牛）child childrena sheep two sheep单复数形式相同a deer two deer（鹿）a Chinese two Chinese（中国人）注意事项 :只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解： people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There are five people in m

6、y family.我家有五口人。There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56 个民族。 clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts， scissors 等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用 a pair of 表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.集体名词看作整

7、体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。His familyisa large family.指整体His familylikeanimals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例： hair 和 fruit通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .It s good我喜for欢you水果. ,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，

8、桃和其它水果。(2) 不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词： 表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help个体名词可数名词集体名词普通名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词专有名词注意事项 ：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化 ,不能与 a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。 这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：

9、数词 +量词+Of+ 名词来表述。用量词修饰时，首先 要注意量词的单复数；然后 要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples. 对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many ；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much ，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many 。如：I would like two apples. How many apples would you like?I want some bre

10、ad. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water. How many glasses of water do you want ？询问价格用How much ，如 : How much is the coat?How much are the coats?二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成： 1.有生命的名词2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词（ 1）一般单数名词后加s.如： my brothers book ， Jacks cat， the girls pen（ 2）以 -s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加。如： th

11、e girlsdormitory ， a teachers college注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如： womens clothes.（ 3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加s，如：Tom and Peters room汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（ 4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加s.如： Toms and Peters rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词 : 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“ of+名词 ”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room（房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照片）名

12、词习题一 写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house _2. it _3. zoo _4. orange _5. bag _6. exercise _7. brush _8. family _9. bus _10. city _11. box _12. baby _13. class _14. factory _15. glass _16. dictionary _17. watch _18. woman _19. match _20. man _21. this_22. German _23. tomato _24. policeman _25. kilo _26. human _27. po

13、tato _28. Chinese _29. shelf _30. Japanese _31. leaf _32. American _33. life _34. tooth _35. wife _36. foot _37. knife _38. sheep _39. half _40. child _41.tooth _42.mouth_二选择填空：1.I want to buy _.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. twobottles of inks2.They don t have to d

14、o _ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkD.much homeworks3.There are three _ and seven _ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD.cow, sheeps4.June 1 is _.A. children s dayB. children s DayC. Children s DayD.Children s day5._ room is next to their parents .A. Kate

15、 s and Joan sB. Kate s and JoanC. Kate and Joan sD.Kate and Joan6.Miss Green is a friend of _.A. Mary s mother sB. Mary s motherC. Mary mother sD.mother s of Mary7.Sheep _ white and milk _ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD.are, are8.I d like to have a glass of milk and _.A. two breadsB. two

16、pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9.Many _ are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD.child10. He bought _.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has three _.A.childB.childrenC.childsD. childrens12. -Are these _? -

17、No, they aren t. They re _.A.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.sheeps, cows13. There are many _ in the fridge.A.fishB.fruitC. eggsD. bread14.- Whose room is this? - It s _.A.Li MingB. Li Ming sC. LiMingsD. Li Mings15.Here are _ for you, Sue.A.potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.some tomat

18、o16.Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her.A.wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17.I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday.A.shopB. parkC. zooD. garden18._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily sC. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy sand Lily s19.Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please giv

19、e me _.A.two orangeB. two bottle oforangesC. two bottles of orangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD.mices21.I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22.There are two _ in the room.A. she

20、lfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves23.There are seven _ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD.minutes24.My father is a _. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD.writer25.- Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, I m from _.A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,America26.They

21、are _ jackets.A. Lucy sB. Lucy27.What color is _ coat.A. Peter sB. Peter 28.These are _ books.A. teachers sB. teachers29.They are _ ice creamsA. childrenB. childrens30.This is _ bag.A. Tom and PeterB.Tom s and Peter s31.Where are _ .A. the school s studentsB. studentsofthe school32.Those are _ bags.

22、A. drivers sB. drivers33.This bag is _ .A.Mary s and Tom s B. Mary and Tom s34._ fathers arecoming.A.Mary sandKate sB. Mary sandKateC.Mary and Kate s35.How _ are these books? A. many B. much36.This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much.A. is, itB. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37.How _ glasses o

23、f water do you want?A. many B. much38.This is _.A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bikeD. Mike and Jimbike39. These are _.A. Amy and Lingling s room B. Amy s and Lingling s roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roomsD.Amy and Lingling s room40.My _ _ big and my _ _ happy.A. family is

24、family areB. familyisfamilies are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. (homework)2. There are seven _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _. (glass)5. There are five _ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_ over there （ bench）7. I like taking

25、_ （ photo）8. l can see two_ standing there （ woman）9. There are two baskets of_ on the floor （ apple）10.There are three_（ knife ）11. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_(people ) in his family.16. Lets take_(photo), OK?17. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_(child) are playing g