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1、情态动词的用法【用法讲解】考试要求:中考要求掌握情态动词在一般疑问句的问与答,理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动 词的被动语态应用。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为可能”,应该”或 必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全, 不能独立作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用(ought除外)。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to,need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。1情态动词can和could的主要用法(1 )表示能力,意为能,会”。Can you sw

2、im?你能游泳吗?His gra nny is over eighty but still can read without glasses.他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了,但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。注意:can和be able to表示 能力时的区别:can只有现在式和过去式两种形式,而be able to除了现在式和过去式,还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。She will be able to help you tomorrow after noon.明天下午她将能帮助你。This is the in formati on that I have bee n able to get so far.

3、这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。(2)表示许可,允许”。can和could没有时态上的区别,could比can在语气上更客气;在回答 could引导的一 般疑问句时要用 can。Could/Ca n you tell me the way to the railway stati on?你能告诉我去火车站的路吗?Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗?Yes, of course you can.是,当然你可以。(3)表示 可能”,can多用于否定句和疑问句。We know that a computer can t think for itself.我们知道计算机不可能

4、自己思考。Can she still be alive after all these years?这些年过后,她仍旧可能活着吗?(4) 表示否定推测,意为不可能”。The shy boy can t be our monito对现在情况的否定推测)那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。The ground is dry. It can t have对过去情况的否定推测)地面是干的,不可能下过雨。2. 情态动词may和might的主要用法(1 )表示许可,意为“可以”。might比may语气上更客气,更委婉。在回答 may和might引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答 用may,否定回答要用 must

5、nt。May/Might I go now?我可以现在去吗?Yes, you may. / No, you mustn t是,你可以。/ 不,你一定不要。May/Might I have a talk with you?我可以和你聊聊吗?(2) 表示可能性,意为“可能”,might的可能性比较小。You may/might walk for miles here without meet ing anyone.你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。He may/might be sick.他可能是病了。(3) 表示对可能的情况推测,might的可能性比较小。That woman goes into

6、 the classroom. She may/might be our teacher.那个妇女进了教室,她可能是我们的老师。They might/may have gone out at that time.在那个时候,他们可能出去了。(4) 表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词)May you succeed! 祝你成功!May God bless you!上帝保佑你!3. 情态动词must的主要用法(1)must表示“必须”,“应该”,否定式must not/mustn t表示“不准”,“禁止”。在回答must引导的一般疑问句时,否定回答要用needn t或don t have to。

7、The work must be finished as soon as possible.工作必须尽可能快得完成。You mustn swim here,because itsdangerous.你一定不要在这游泳,因为很危险。Must I be home before ten o十点钟?,我必须在家吗?No, you needn t/don t have不),你不必一定在。(2)表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定” 。You must be hungry after such a long walk.(对现在的肯定推测)漫长的步行后,你一定是饿了。I didn t hear the phone

8、. I must have been asleep.(对过去的肯定推测)我没有听到那个电话。我一定是睡着了。注意:must和have to的区别must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观需要;must只有一种形式,可用于般现在时和一般将来时,而have to有多种形式,可用于不同时态。As a stude nt, I must study very hard.作为一个学生,我必须努力学习。I have to be at my office before eight every morning.每天早上八点之前,我必须在我的办公室。4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法(1) need

9、作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要” 。在回答need引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用needn t。He needn do that.他不需要那样做。 Need you go now? 你需要现在去吗?Yes, I must. / No, I needn 是,我必须(现在去)。/不,我不需要。(2) need可用作行为动词,用法与其他的行为动词一样。We need to think it over.我们需要仔细考虑。Does he n eed to go now?他需要现在去吗? She didn t need to

10、know她不需要知道它。5情态动词shall的主要用法shall用作情态动词,用于第二和第三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,“允诺”的意思。在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。You shall do as I say.你应该按照我说得做。Shall we take a walk after dinner? 我们饭后去散步好吗?Let s go home together, shall we让我们一起回家,好吗?6. 情态动词should的主要用法(1)表示“应该,说话人主观上认为的责任和义务,可用于所有人称。You should keep you

11、r promise once you make it.你一旦许诺,就应该兑现。(2) should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而shouldn t have done表示过 去不应该做而实际上已经做了的事。It s eleven o clock. He should have arrived here by now.十一点钟了。他应该不晚于现在到这。You shouldn t have told anyone about that.你本不该告诉任何人关于那事。7. 情态动词ought to的主要用法表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。否定形式为ought

12、 not to (缩写形式为 oughtn t to),疑问形式为 ought+主语+to+动词原形。You ought to do it now. 你应该现在就做。Ought we to go there now?我们应该现在就去那吗?Yes, you ought(to).是,你应该去。No, you ought not(to). 不,你不该去。8. 情态动词will的主要用法表示“意志”,“意愿”,用于各人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。We will help her if she asks to us.如果她问我们,我们就愿意帮助她。Will you p

13、lease give him a message when you see him?当你看见他时,给他稍个信好吗?9. 情态动词would的主要用法would是will的过去式,表示过去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各个人称。用于陈述句和疑问 句中还表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比 will委婉。She said that she would do that whatever happened.她说无论发生什么她都愿意做。I promised you that I would do my best to help you.我保证过我将尽力帮助你。Would you like some ap

14、ples? 你想吃苹果吗?Yes, I d like是的,我想吃。I would like to go with you toni ght.今晚我想和你一起去。10 .理解含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“ be+过去分词”部分不变。含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时,应在情态动词后面 加not;变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时

15、桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)Can tables be made of sto ne?桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)Waste paper should not be throw n here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。Should it be done by Li Mi ng ? 这件事应该是李明干吗?【真题再现】1. I know by what time you want the project to be done? By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?A. May; CanB. Must; NeedC. Could; Mu

16、st D. Need; Would2. I follow you. Would you please repeat it?A. cantB. must ntC. need ntD. should nt3. Whos singing in the garde n?It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.A. mustB. cantC. n eed4. May I take this magazine out of the reading room? No, you. You read it i n here.A. mig

17、ht ntB. wont C. need nt D.must nt5. Youtouch an electric fire. Its dan gerous.A. need B. mustC. need ntD. must nt6. you come with me to Lang Lan gs pia no concert this evening?rd love to, but I have to study for my math test.A. ShouldB. MayC. MustD. Can7. Childre nsit in the front seat of a car. Its

18、 too dan gerous.A. needB. need ntC. mustD. must nt8. Look, some one left a book.Oh, yeah This bo be KittyA. canB. must C. may9. Look! The traffic light has turned red . We_A. can B. can tC. musts. Only she likes to read this kind of books.D. mightstop our car.D. mustn t10. Do you have any pla ns for

19、 this Sun day?I m not sure_Igo to the countryside to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. mayD. n eed11. As middle school stude nts, webe afraid of difficulties if we want to make ourdreams come true.A. mustB. shouldn tC. need12. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week if you like.A.

20、have toB. can tC. mustn tD.needn t13. Mom, must I go shopp ing with you? No, you . You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friendsA . needn t B . can t C . shouldn t D . mustn t14. Harry s been driving all day he be tired.A. needB. canC. shallD. must15. It s surprising that Mr. MaA. must B. canC

21、. must n【答案与解析】s little daughterspeak English so well. t D. can t1. A。句意:一一我可以知道你想这个项目何时完成吗?一一到后天。你能按时完成吗?may可以;can能够;must必须;could用于一般疑问句通常表示请求;need需要。题干问句是请求,可用may或者could,排除B、D两项;答句是询问能否按时完成任务,应选can。故选A项。2. A。句意:我听不懂你的(话)。请你再重复一遍可以吗?cant不能;must nt不准;need nt不必;should nt不应该。根据句意可知答案为A项。3. A。句意:一一谁在花园

22、里唱歌?一一一定是布朗先生。他总是在这个时候练习唱歌。must表示一定;cant表示不可能;need表示需要。故选A。4. D。句意: 我可以把杂志带出阅览室吗? 不,你不可以。你在这里读。might nt可能不;wont不会;need nt不需要;must nt禁止,不许。May I.?的否定回答通常是 No, you mustnt/cant,故选 D 项。5. D。句意:你千万不要摸电暖器。它很危险。need需要;must必须;need nt不必;must nt千万不要,表禁止。根据题意可知选D。6. D。句意:一一今晚你可以跟我去听朗朗的钢琴音乐会吗?一一我很想去,但我不得不为我的数学测

23、试而学习。should表示应该;must表示必须,一定。may和can都可表示请求、许可,意为 可以”,但may用在一般疑问句中表示请求、许可时,其主语常用第 一人称,故答案为 D。7. D。句意:禁止儿童坐在汽车的前排座位上。那样太危险。need需要;need nt没必要;must必须;must nt表禁止。根据句意可知答案为D项。8. B。本句意为:看,有人把书落在这里。这本书一定时Kitty的,只有她喜欢读这类型的书。由“ only”可知此处表示肯定,故答案选B。9. C。C项意为“必须”。根据常识可知,必须遵守交通规则,红灯亮必须停车。 故选C。10. C。句意:一一你这周日有什么计划

24、吗?一一我不确定,我可能去乡下看我奶奶。can表示推测时经常用于否定句,表示肯定不;must肯定,表示把握很大的推测;may可能,也许,表示推测的可能性很小;need需要。根据上句的还没有确定,可知说话的可能性小,故选C。11. B。句意:作为中学生,如果我们想要我们的梦想成真,我们就不应该害怕困难。must必须,应该,一定;shouldnt不应该;need需要,不得不。根据题意,故选B。12. D。句意:你不必现在归还这本书,如果你喜欢,你可以到下周再还。have to必须;cant 不能; must nt 定不要; n eed nt 不必。根据 You can keep it un til

25、 n ext week if you like 可知用need nt。13. A。妈妈,我必须要跟你去购物吗?不,你不需要。你可以和你的朋友们一起看电影超能陆战队6。当用must提问时,肯定回答是 Yes, you must.否定回答是No, you needn .或者 No, you don t have 故选 A 项。14. D。此题意为“ Harry开了一整天车,一定很累”,表示肯定推测,故选must。15. B。句意:真的很令人惊讶,马先生的小女儿英语能够说得如此好。must必须;can能,会;must nt禁止;cant不能。根据句意可知答案为 B项。【巩固练习】I. 单项选择。1.

26、 The last bus has gone. Wego home on foot.A. couldB.mustC.have toD.can2. you please tell me how to get to the airport?A. ShallB.MayC.ShouldD.Will3. Post the letter for me when you go out,you?A. willB.doC.don tD.shall4. Iwork out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.A. can tB. coul

27、dn t C. may not D. needn t5. Judgi ng by her acce nt, shebe an America n.A. can tB. mustn t C. needn t D. will6. you turn dow n your radio, please?Yes, I can.A MayB NeedC MustD Can7. Can I wear any clothes I like to school?No, you cant. Youwear a uniform .A . might B. mustC. will D. would8 . Every o

28、nego through the security check (安检)whe n en teri ng the World Expo Park.A. can B. mayC. must D. ought9. Must I clea n the room now?No , you. You can do it tomorrow .A mustn t B must C needn t D need10 . I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning .No , ithim . He moved to Canada last week .A . can

29、be B . must be C . can tbe D . must ntbe11 . Look at that girl! Is it Susa n?No, itbe her. She has gone back to her hometow n.A mustn t B can t C needn t D wouldn t12 . I m feeling much better now so youcall the doctor.A. couldntB. wouldntC. can t D. neednt13 . Dad, must I do my homework now? No You

30、 play games with your friends for a little whileA would B neednt C may D must14 What will the weather be like tomorrow?Itbe rainy, cloudy or sunny . Who knows?A must B might C shall D should15 How was the youth club last night, Mark?It was great fun. Youcome.A must B can C should D may16 your Americ

31、an friend eat with chopsticks?Yes, he can. But he can use them well .A . Can B . Should C . Must D. will17. I take some photos in the hall?No, youA. Can; needn t B. Must ; mustn t C. Could; won t D. May; mustn t 18. Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it?Itbe Ricks. It has his n ame on it.A. must

32、 ntB. cantC. must D. need19. This toy Mickey Mousebe Amys. shes the only kid at the picnic.A. mustB. canC. n eedD. cant20. Shall I tell Jim the good news?一 No, you. Ive told him already .A . would n VB . need nVC. shouldn V D . must nVII.用方框内的情态动词填空。(每词只用一次)need, can, can t, shall, shoutaany, must,

33、mustn t, have to, wou d1. I show him the way?No, you neednV.2. Can you an swer this questi on in Fren ch?No, I.3. May I keep the book for three weeks?No, you.4. Nobodylive without air or water.5. Younot worry. Everyth ing will be all right.6. I have some chocolates now?No, you mustn t.7. Childre nbe

34、 left alone.8. Ifinish my homework before I go to bed.9. we go out for a walk? That s a good idea.10. you like some fish?【答案与解析】I.单项选择。1. Co这里是表示客观需要,意为“不得不”。2. Do Will you please do这是一个固定句型,表示请求,意为“请你做某事好吗?。3. Ao考查祈使句的反义疑问句,附加问句常用will you,表示请求。4. B o 由 yesterday 可知用 couldn V 而不用 cant。5. Ao这里cant表示对

35、现在情况的否定推测,意为“不可能是。6. D。本题考查情态动词的用法。由答句“Yes, I can.”可知答案为 D项。7. B。句意:一一我可以穿我喜欢的任何一件衣服去上学吗?一一不,你不能。你必须穿校服。本题考查情态动词的用法。might可能,也许;must必须;will将要;would意愿。根据句意说话者要表达命令的语气,故选B项。8. Co句意:当进入世博园时,每个人必须通过安检。本题考查情态动词。can能,可能;may可以;must必须;ought应该。根据常识及实际情况,进人世博园必须安检。故选C。9. Co句意:一一我现在必须打扫房间吗?不必,你可以明天打扫。 本题考查情态动词。对must引起的疑问句的否定回答要用need nV。10. C。本题考查了情态动词表推测的用法。根据后句“He moved to Canada last week 可知说

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