2013年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案

1、关注更多2015年职称英语考试资料，及时了解职称英语考试动态，欢迎添加职业培训教育网职称英语频道微信：zhichengenglish，QQ群： 第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A passed by B took a notice of C woke up D found by chance 答案：D 职业培训教育网名师解析：come across是固定搭配，意思是“偶

2、遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D选项。pass by “路过”，take a notice of “注意到”，wake up “醒来”。 2、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B obvious C unbelievable D unclear 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：incredible 意为“难以置信的”，与 unbelievable 同义。 obvious “明显的”，unclear “不明的”。 3、He was tempted by the high salary offered

3、 by the company. A attracted B taught C kept D changed 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：tempt “吸引，诱惑”，此处为被动态，句子意思为：他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。A选项符合句义。 4、She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A worried B offensive C sleepy D anxious 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive相近，如：Men tend to be more aggressive than

4、women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。worried“拘心的”，sleepy“困倦的”，anxious “焦急的”。 5、I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A at B with C about D from 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：as regards 是固定搭配，意思是“关于”，如：There is no problem as regards the fina

5、ncial arrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。 6、These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 答案：D 职业培训教育网名师解析：migrate的意思是“迁徙”，travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外，还有“行进”的意思，如：Supersonic planes can travel faster than the speed of sound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。在这里可作同义替换。explore “探索”，inhabit “柄息，居

6、住”，prefer “更喜欢”。 7、There was something peculiar in the way he smiles. A different B wrong C strange D funny 答案：C 10、He paused, waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：digest本义是“消化”，可转义为“理解(知识、信息)”，在句中可与understand互 换。withhold “保留，隐瞒”;ex

7、change “交换”;contact “联系”。 11、The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：rigid “僵硬的，固定的，顽间的”，与inflexible同义。 12、Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread 答案：D 职业培训教育网名师解析：circulate做不及物动同，意思

8、是“传播，流通”，如：We should often open the win-dows to allow the air to circulate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。句子的意思是：关于他的财政问题的流言开始传开。 13、Come out, or Ill bust the door down. A break B shut C set D beat 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：bust “使爆裂”，句子的意思是：快点，不然我就破门而入了。这里与break同义。 14、The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area

9、of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：wary “谨慎的，机警的”，与 cautious 同义。naked “裸体的”，blind “盲的”，private “私人的”。 15、The contract between the two companies will expire soon. A shorten B start C end D resume 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：expire “期满，终止”。resume是“重新开始”。 第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面

10、的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Promising Results from Cancer Study A new experimental vaccine (疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor Universit

11、y Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others. Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were Involved In these trials. Ten of these patients were in the

12、 early stages and thirty three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two-weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not s

13、pread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness. This new vaccine uses the patients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates (剌激)the bodys immune syste

14、m, which then recognizes that the cancer ceils are harmful, and attacks and destroys them. The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used. 16 The v

15、accine cured all the participants in the trial. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：文章第二段提到有三位晚期癌症患者的疾病消失，而其他人的癌细胞持续5?24个月没有扩散，但旱期癌症患者没有什么疗效。题干说疫苗将所有被试者的癌症都治好，与文章本意不符。 17 Over forty people participated in the study. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第二段提到有43位肺癌患者参与到这项试验

16、中，因此本义题干表达的意思符合文章本意，选择答案A。 18 Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第二段最后一句话提到然而早期肺癌患者没有出现什么不同，而题干说“早期癌症患者恢复地更快”，与文章本意不符。 19 All the patients were from Dallas. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解

17、析：文章第二段只说有43位肺癌患者参与到这项试验中，并没有说他们都来肖达拉斯，囚此，本题的答案应是选项C，“没有提及”。 20 Every patient was injected with the same vaccine. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：文章第三段第二句话说它是为每一位病人特制的，注射到胳膊或腿上，而题干说每位患者注射同样的疫苗，与文章本意不符。 21 The vaccine activates the immune system. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：A

18、职业培训教育网名师解析：文章第三段最后一句话提到“它(疫组)刺激身休的免疫系统”，因此本文题干表达的意思符合文章本意，选择答案A。 22 The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：文章第四段第一句话提到此疫苗可能会有效抵抗其他形式的癌症，因此本文题干表达的意思符合义章本意，选择答案A。 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题, 每题1分，共8 分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-

19、4段，每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Organic Food ：Why? 1 Europe Is now the biggest market for organic food in the world，expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds mo

20、re “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk - food - eating masses. 2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man - made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种

21、) improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man - made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using

22、artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted (排放)by transporting food. 3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standard

23、s Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health. 4 The simplistic claim that or

24、ganic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons，including freshness，the way the food is cooked， the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and ra

25、in crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (粪便)or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also con

26、tradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素).As one research expert says：“People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true：the closer a plant is to its natural

27、 state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops.” 23 Paragraph 1_ 答案：E 职业培训教育网名师解析：第一段第一句讲欧洲目前是最大的提供有机食物的市场，其余各句都是在讲为什么有机食物如此吸引人，因为它是天然的食物，所以本段主要讲的是有

28、机食物受欢迎的原因。答案是E。 24 Paragraph 2_ 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：本段第一句讲有机农业不同于传统农业因为它是自然的不是人工的，第二句讲一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，第三句讲有机农业在人力、土地的使用效率，粮食产量上存在局限，最后一句讲有机农业中不使用人工化肥所带来的环境效益很小，所以本段主要是对有机农业的相关描述。答案是B。 25 Paragraph 3_ 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：本段第一、二句话讲经常有人称有机农业比传统农业中安全，但对有机农业的研究却拒绝这种说法。本段其余各句在讲一项研究发现有机的和无机的农作物并没有太

29、大差别，仅有的差别也没有发现对健康有很大影响，所以本段主要讲对有机食物是否要ill;好 研究。答案是A。 26 Paragraph 4_ 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：本段第一句话讲简单地说有机食物史健康是有误导性的，第二句讲不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，比如土地类型、烹饪方式等，第三句话讲庄稼的口味与它是否施肥等因素无关，所以本段是在讲影响食物营养价值的因素。 A Research into whether organic food Is better B Description of organic farming C Factors that affect food

30、health value D Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food E Main reason for the popularity of organic food F Testing the taste of organic food 27 Techniques of organic farming help_. 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：第二段第二句话提到 “Technicjues such as crop rotation (轮种)improve soil quality and help organic farmers com

31、pensate for the abscnce of man-made chcmicals”，说明一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量并帮助农民弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，所以答案是C。 28 There is no convincing evidence to_. 答案：E 职业培训教育网名师解析：第三段第一、二句话提到 “Organic fanning is often claimcd to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to rcjcct this

32、 claim”，意思是 “经常有人称有机农业比传统农业更安全，但全世界对有机农业的研究却一直拒绝这种说法”，所以答案是E。 29 The weather conditions during the growth of crops_. 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：第四段第二句话提到 “Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cookcd, the

33、type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have rcceivcd, and so on” ,说明 “食物是天然的产物，不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，包括新鲜度， 食物的烹饪方式，它生长的土地类型，太阳光亮，吸收的雨水量等”，所以答案是A。 30 The closer a plant is to Its natural state, the less suitable it is to_. 答案：D 职业培训教育网名师解析：第五段第四句提到 “In fact, it is the op

34、posite that is true： the closer a plant is to its nat-ural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you”，说明事实上，一种植物越接近它的自然状态，它就越有可能让你中毒，所以答案是D。 A affect their nutritional content B be specially trained C improve soil quality D be eaten E show that organic crops are safer than conventional on

35、es F poison you 第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 The Worlds Best - Selling Medicine Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸) This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic

36、acid also hurts the stomach, in 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it. In 1897，in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself fir

37、st and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His fathers pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach. Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drag to his manager, who tested the drag and found that it worked well. Bayer decide

38、d to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill. Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug. At first，Bayer

39、 sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drag. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell

40、aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader. By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin wa

41、s no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found th

42、e reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companie

43、s like Bayer that produce and sell it! 31 Why didnt the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain? A It didnt work well. B It hurt the stomach. C It was hard to make. D It was not cost-effective. 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第一段最后一句话提到“However，his mixture was difficult to make, and he d

44、id not try to produce or sell it”，可以看出他是因为困难所以停止，因此答案是C。 32 Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller? A His company told him to do that. B His father was in pain. C He wanted to make a lot of money. D He suffered from headache. 答案：B 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第二段第二句话提到“He tried it himself first and then g

45、ave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain”，可以看出他制药是因为他父亲在承受疼痛，因此答案是B。 33 Bayer started making aspirin because_. A it worked well in stopping pain B it helped prevent heart attacks C other companies were making it D the manager was a scientist 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：依据可见文中第三段。 34

46、 Bayer aspirin was_. A the only drug with the name “aspirin” B not sold in drugstores in 1915 C the first aspirin sold in the United States D not easy to find in drugstores 答案：C 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第五段第三句提到 “In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drug,可以看出Bayer是美国第一家卖阿司匹林的，所以答案选C。 35 What ha

47、s happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market? A Its new use has been discovered. B Companies have stopped selling it. C It has become the bestselling painkiller. D Doctors have sold it to patients. 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：文中第六段提到医生注意到服用阿司匹林的病人比其他人得心脏病的概率要小，英国的研究者找到了阿司匹林防止心脏病发生的原因，所以答案是A,

48、“它的新疗效被发现”。 第二篇 “Dont Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who drink with food. Luigino Dal Maso and hi

49、s colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1，500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer. After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals fa

50、ced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity (口腔)，pharynx (咽),and esophagus (食管)，when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer (喉癌).“ Roughly 95 percent of cancers at the

51、se four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,”Dai Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didnt eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites. For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups，based

52、 on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest - intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose st

53、eadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people In these consumption groups too

54、k some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled (四倍)their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers. People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16

55、 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high - intake, with - meals - only group was only triple that in the low - intake consumers who drank with meals. “Alcohol can inflame (使发炎)tissues. O

56、ver time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive - tract (消化道)tissues or by taking alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participa

57、nts traces to the tissues lower exposure to alcohol. 36 Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck? A People who drink alcohol outside of meals. B People who drink alcohol at meals. C People who never drink alcohol. D People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs. 答案：A 职业培训教育网名师解析：

58、文章第一段第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who drink with food” 说明不在吃饭时喝酒的人更容易在口部和颈部得癌症，答案是A。 37 Which of the following is NOT a research finding about “ drinking with meals”? A It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food. B It may b