牛津初中英语8BUnit1教学案

1、牛津初中英语8BUnit1教学案教学目的To go over the knowledge in unit 1教学重点和难点present perfect tense and some words and expressions教学过程一、 重点短语4Welcome to the unitpast and present 过去和现在do a history project 做（研究）一个历史课题over the past/last 100 years= during/in the past/last 100 years 在过去的100年当中（常用于现在完成时）transport at diffe

2、rent times 在不同时代的交通工具Readingknow very well 对.很了解 since then = ever since 从那时起（常用于现在完成时）move house 搬家in the southern part of town (adj)在城镇的南部地区get/be married 结婚(前者短暂性,后者延续性)marry sb = get/be married to sb 与某人结婚till/until “直到” 肯定句, 延续性not until/till “直到才”否定句，短暂性move to another flat 搬进另一套公寓in the centr

3、e of town 在城镇的中心change a lot 变化很大over the years 在这些年间in the past在过去(用于一般过去时)market stalls市场货摊go to the cinema 去看电影turn/changeinto 把变成play cards and Chinese chess 打牌,下中国象棋a pleasant trip/talk令人愉快的旅行/谈话（adj，修饰事物）a shoe factory 一家鞋厂water/noise/air pollution 水/噪音/空气污染used to do sth / used to be 过去常常做某事(

4、但现在已不做) / 过去曾经是there once was = there used to be 过去曾经有dump the waste into the river 把废物倾倒入河里the poison in the waste 废料里面的毒素pollute the river 污染河流 a very serious problem(adj) /be seriously hurt(adv) 一个非常严重的问题/严重地受伤take action to reduce the pollution采取措施减少污染in some ways = in a way 在某些方面open space 开阔的空

5、间feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤独from time to time = sometimes=at times不时地;有时until now 直到现在throw away 扔掉(代词放中间)move into/out of 搬进/从搬出as well as 和,又,而且as often as before 像以前一样经常Vocabulary and Grammarwrite an article on 写一篇关于的文章have an interview with sb.(n) = interview sb (v) 对某人进行一次采访the history of 的历史miss

6、old friends / miss the train / miss doing 想念老朋友/ 错过火车/ 没干成某事feel happy/unhappy about 对感到开心/不开心be lucky enough to do 幸运得足以the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化if (it is) possible 如果可能look it up in the dictionary 在字典中查阅它make a sentence with 用造句(be) on exhibition/show 在展览catch /get (a) cold = have a cold

7、感冒(前者为短暂性,后者为延续性)by the way 顺便问一下in fact 事实上the best model I have ever seen 我曾见过的最好的模型Integrated skills and Study Skillsprotect the environment 保护环境fresh air 新鲜的空气lend sth to sb = lend sb sth (主语借出)把某物借给某人borrow sth from sb(主语借进)向某人借某物(但表示借多久用keep延续性)be in service = be in use 投入使用；在使用中(be) in primar

8、y school 在小学on ones own = alone = (all) by oneself 独自have more free time有更多的空余时间have the same feeling有同感Main task and Checkoutless development 不发达the development of China 中国的发展at present= now 目前,现在be not far from 离不远bring many advantages 带来许多优势advantages and disadvantages 优缺点 cause many problems（for

9、）引起许多问题bring them a modern life 给他们带来一种现代化的生活describe the accident 描述事故in the recent photo (adj)在最近的照片中a new tourist attraction一处新的旅游胜地show sb how to get to.指示给某人看如何到达二、重点句子1. -Eddie，have you seen my food ? -Yes. Ive just eaten it.2.I have lived here since then /since I was very young 从那时以来/自从我很小以来我

10、一直住在这儿3. We lived together till/until 1965 when I got married. 我们一起住到1965年我结婚4.Now, the government has turned / changed the place into a park 现在政府已经把这个地方变成一个公园5.The factory used to dump its waste into the river .The poison in the waste killed fish and plants and polluted the river 6. Later, the gove

11、rnment realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution . 7.Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens 有开阔的空地和漂亮的花园真好8. They have moved to other areas in Beijing ,and I feel a bit lonely from time to time9. I had an interview with Daniels grandpa Mr Chen this mornin

12、g10. Its difficult for him to see some of them as often as before11. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. Eddie has lived with Millie for four years 12.Its the best model I have ever seen 。它是我看过的最棒的模型13. China has changed a lot. = Great changes have taken place in China. 中国已经改变了许多 = There

13、have been great changes in China.(there be 的完成式)= China has been quite different from beforeGreat changes have taken place in Yangzhou in/over/during the past/last ten years14. The new train station has been in service/use since 200215. Things have changed a lot over the years. 经过这些年,情况变化很大16. I hav

14、e the same feeling (as you) too.17. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages，but they have also caused many problems for people. 月光镇的变化为人们带来许多优势,同时也引起许多问题三、语法：（现在完成时1）1.现在完成时用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响或结果。（常与already, yet, ever, never, before, just,recently等副词连用）如：He has already read the b

15、ook.他已经读过这本书了。“读书”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“读过了”。already “已经”,常用于肯定陈述句中,放于句中或句末 （already 也可以用于一般现在时）My grandpa is already 80 years oldyet “还,尚” 常用于否定句和疑问句中,位置通常在句末 Mr li hasnt come yet . Have you called him yet ? Have you had breakfast yet? No, not yet.ever “曾经”,强调任何时间, 位置通常在句中. I have ever been to Hong K

16、ong twicenever “从不”,用于否定句, 位置通常在句中. I have never read the story.just “刚刚”, 常用于肯定陈述句中, 位置通常在句中. Eddie has just eaten the foodrecently = lately “最近”, 位置通常在句末. We havent seen Daniel recentlybefore意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？I havent eaten Guangdong food bef

17、ore我以前没吃过广东菜2. 现在完成时用法二：表示过去的动作一直持续到现在。这时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。（延续性用法）（常与since, for , so far(到目前为止,至今,用于句首或句末), by now = until now = up till now(直到现在) ,in/over/during the past/last three years ,in the last few years在过去的几年里(few前不能加a ), these days, how long, all ones life, since then,ever since等时间状语连用）3. He

18、has worked for more than three years. 他工作三年多了。4. I have been in Suzhou for ten years. 我来苏州已经十年了。 What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years ?3. 其他词组的区别since和for的区别since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后为时间点或从句。用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。如：He has lived here since 2000./since last week。 I havent seen him since ten

19、years ago. 自十年前开始我就没见过他。 I have known him since I was very young. 我很小时就认识他了。for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for后面跟一段时间。如：He has lived here for three years.他住这儿已经三年了。 I havent seen her for a long time.我已经好久没见到她了。对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long. How long has he lived here ?How soon (将过多久,用于将来时) How soon will he come ba

20、ck ? In three days (三天后)四相关练习一. 词汇. (25%)1. Do you believe the _(最近的) news about the traffic accident? Have you ever been to Hong Kong _(最近的)?2. He lives _(独自), so he often feels _(寂寞).3. What are they doing at_(现在)? They are _ (采访) Mr. Green.4. Jim likes ball games, _(尤其) basketball.5. Their _(妻子)

21、are standing there and chatting with each other.6. You cant dump _(废弃物) into the river, or it will be _(污染).7. Finally, he _(意识到) that he failed in the exam.8. The trip was quite _(令人愉悦的), we spend too much time on the way.9. _(幸运), he fell from the tree and _(受伤) his leg.10. In the past several _(世

22、纪), many things have _(改变) a lot.11. There is something wrong with your computer, it needed to be _(修理).12. Its our _(责任) to protect our _(环境). 13. The primary school has many _(优势).14. When did you get _(marry)?15. Now a lot of foreigners are surprised at Chinas _(develop).16. How many _(dictionary

23、) do you have?17. Its _(possible) for you to live on the moon.18. Rice is widely grown in the _(south) part of China.二. 选择填空. (15%)( ) 1. Uncle John his hometown for twelve years.A、left B、has left C、has gone D、has been away from ( ) 2. Dont get off the bus _ it has stopped. A. after B. when C. if D.

24、 until( ) 3. Its very _to play _ Chinese chess with them. A. pleasure, a B. pleased, the C. pleasant, / D. necessary, an( ) 4. Did you _ the fire at a school last week? A. hear B. hear about C. listen D. listen to ( ) 5. The dog an hour ago.A、died B、has died C、has been dead D、would die( ) 6. The gir

25、l sat in the corner quietly none of us noticed she was there.A、such; that B、too; to C、so; that D、very; that( ) 7. The windows after school is over.A、usually close B、usually closed C、are usually closed D、are usually closing ( ) 8. The woman was in that hotel before she came here. A. on service B. on

26、the service C. in service D .in the service( ) 9. John fell asleep he was listening to the music.A、after B、before C、while D、as soon as ( ) 10. Have you returned the book to him _? Yes, I have_ returned it. A. yet, yet B. already, already C. yet, already D. already, yet ( ) 11. _ is his main job.A. t

27、o introduce each guest B. Introducing each guest C. Introduce each guest D. both A and B ( ) 12. _number of the students in Class 3 _ forty-eight. A. The, is B. A, are C. A, is D. The, are ( ) 13. Lilys never been to Hainan, _ she? A. is B. isnt C. has D. hasnt ( ) 14. -Can I _ your rubber? Sorry. L

28、ily _it already. A. lend, has borrowed B. borrow, has lent C. lend, has been borrowed D. borrow, has been lent ( ) 15. How long may I _this book? For about a week. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. be kept三. 动词填空. (15%)1. Wheres your father? He (go) to Beijing. He _(return) in a few days.2. You may go to

29、 play football as soon as your homework _(finish)3. Its too hot inside. Do you mind _(open) the window?4. I _(not see) you for a long time. You _(change) a lot.5. While the old man _(cross) the street, he_(fall) down.6. Get it now before all the copies _(sell) out.7. Our team _(raise) over 2000 yuan

30、 so far.8. We hear the charity show _(hold) in that school next month.9. _you _(plan)how to organize a show at this time yesterday?10. A lot of information _(save) in the hard disk just now. But now, it disappeared.11. I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) there.12. How many English songs _(learn) b

31、y you during these years?翻译句子. (10%)1. 自从去年以来我就没有受到过他的来信。I _ _ _ him since last year.2. 自从他10岁起,他就独自乘车上学. He took a bus to school _ _ _ since he was 10.3. 这个河的污染已经减轻了吗? _ the river _ _ _?4. 这个地方过去是野生生物的家园,现在已经变成了一片农场. The place _ _ be the home of wildlife. But now it has _ _ a farm.5. 在暑假里，我们有时间多放松。

32、 We have time to _ _ during the summer holiday.6. 你认为现在的生活比以前好吗？某些方面是的。Do you think life is better now than _? _ _ _ it is.牛津初中英语8BUnit2教学案教学目的1. To go over unit 2 教学重点和难点1. Grammar in this unit and some words and expressions教学过程一、重点短语12Welcome to the unitgo on a trip 进行一次旅行must be fun 一定有趣come on 快

33、点；加油；得了吧bring sth. with sb. 随身带 popular tourist attractions 受欢迎的旅游胜地go hiking / skiing 去远足/去滑雪see the beautiful view 欣赏美丽的风景take photos/pictures 拍照 a symbol of Japan日本的象征/标志Readinghave a really fantastic time 玩得开心a famous theme park 一个著名的主题公园roller coaster 过山车move at high speed以高速行驶(at a speed of )a

34、 fast food restaurant 一家快餐馆be interested in (doing) sth 对感兴趣Sleeping Beauty 睡美人Snow White 白雪公主such as = like 例如cant stop doing sth 忍不住/一直在做某事look so nice and cute 看上去如此漂亮可爱later in the afternoon傍晚/下午晚些时候the best part of the day一天中最精彩的部分wave to sb. 向某人挥/招手 match across the park 列队走过公园clap and scream

35、with joy 高兴得一边拍手一边尖叫a three-D film 一场三维电影 apple pie苹果派at the end of 在的最后under the fireworks 在烟火中in all总共,共计show sth to sb = show sb sth 把某物展示给某人看scream with excitement兴奋得尖叫起来 be in Chinese style 以中式风格Vocabulary and Grammarthe line of people (人排成的)队伍wait in (the) line 在队伍里等get in进去a really delightful

36、 holiday一个确实使人高兴的假日a meaningful experience一次有意义的经历(可数)five years teaching experience 5年的教学经验(不可数)to ones delight /joy (n)使某人高兴的是(do harm to(n) = be harmful to(adj)对带来伤害)seem (to be) + adj 似乎be on上演(延续性）begin/start(短暂性)celebrate their fifteen years of marriage (n) 庆祝结婚15周年Integrated skills and Pronun

37、ciation Window of the World世界之窗the best time for doing sth= to do sth是的最好机all (the) year round一年到头;终年have ideas about sth 对某事有想法travel abroad出国旅行fly to a place = take a plane to a place =go to a place by air / plane 乘飞机去某地check it for you 替你核查某事tie it up 把它捆绑起来(tying)Main task and Checkoutwrite down

38、 the details 写下细节pleasant weather 宜人的天气desserts and snacks 甜点和零食the day of our trip to Hong Kong 我们去香港的那天be excited about因而兴奋three and a half hours = three hours and a half三个半小时have a birds-eye view of 鸟瞰;俯视the cultural centre of Hong Kong香港的文化中心state clearly 清楚地陈述something interesting and special有趣

39、而又特殊的事情make your article more interesting使你的文章更有趣 write about your feelings in the last paragraph在最后一段写一写你的感受the day before yesterday 前天leave sth + 地点 把某物遗忘在某地(left)march down the street 沿着街道行进take (bananas) from (the visitors) 从(客人手里)拿走(香蕉)二、语法（现在完成时2）1.have/has been in, have/has been to和have/has g

40、one to的区别have/has been in表示“在某地呆了多久了”，(现在仍在那儿),可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。have/has been to表示“曾到过某地（已回来）”，不能与一段时间的状语连用,后面可接表示”次数”的状语。两者表示的意义不同，所以跟的时间状语也不同。对次数提问用 How many times 多少次如：He has been to Guangzhou twice. 他去过广州两次。How many times has he been to Guangzhou ? He has been in Guangzhou for a long time. 他在广州已呆了

41、很长时间了。have/has gone to意为“到某地去了（已经去了,还没回来）”，表示到了某地或正在去的途中。总之，说话时当事人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：Where is Kate? 凯特在哪儿She has gone to the post office. 她去邮局了。2.现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，w

42、ait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。3.瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词。这种动词动作开始也就意味着结束，所以不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.这些动词是go, come, become, open, close, begin, start, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall,reach/get to, get up, catch (a) cold, finish, stop, join, leave, marry, receive, lend , fall asleep, wake up等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相

43、应的延续性动词have, keep 等或短语“be+名词/形容词/位置副词/介词短语” 表示状态的系表结构来代替短暂性动词。如：He has kept the book for three weeks. 这本书他已借了三周了。The meeting has been on for half an hour. 会已开始半小时了。 He has been in the army (=has been a soldier ) for three years. 他参军三年了。He has come back.（）He has come back for two hours.（）I havent hea

44、rd from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999. (但在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用)当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all ones life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正）I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I

45、lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用“It is / has been一段时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League. (正）=He has been in the League for three years I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）He has died for 20

46、years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）How long has he had a cold ? = How long is it since he caught a cold ?（3）用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pe

47、n.（4）用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away?（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, finish / end / stopbe over(结束), arrive /come / go /

48、move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on (上演), openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away（from）离开, go to schoolbe in school / be a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get b

49、ackbe back, joinbe in / be amember of, join the army参军be in the army/be a soldier, join the party入党be in the party/be a party member, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to study/work/learn/teachstudy/work/learn/teach, become interested in be interested in, tur

50、n on/offbe on/off, put onwear/be in ，marry/get marriedbe married(to), wake upbe awake , breakbe broken, 5.现在完成时的常用三种句型1)It/This/That is the first/second time that+从句(从句用现在完成时)It is the second time I have played Chinese chess with him2)This/It is the +最高级+n +that从句 (that从句部分要用现在完成时)Its the best model

51、 I have ever seen / This is the best tea that I have ever drunk (这是我喝过的最好的茶了)3)It is /It has been+一段时间+since从句 It is /has been 10 years since I last saw him自从我上次见他以来已经10了四. 选择填空. (20%)( ) 1. Uncle John his hometown for twelve years.A、left B、has left C、has gone D、has been away from ( ) 2. Dont get of

52、f the bus _ it has stopped. A. after B. when C. if D. until( ) 3. Its very _to play _ Chinese chess with them. A. pleasure, a B. pleased, the C. pleasant, / D. necessary, an( ) 4. Did you _ the fire at a school last week? A. hear B. hear about C. listen D. listen to ( ) 5. The dog an hour ago.A、died B、has died C、has been dead D、would die( ) 6. The girl sat in the corner quietly none of us