代词的用法详解

1、代词的用法详解代词分为：人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；相互代词；指示代词；疑问代词；关系代词；连接代词；不定代词。I.人称代词我想在这里再呆一周。A: I don t want to go to the theater tonight.He and she don t agree with me.主格： I youhe she it weyou theyB: Me too.宾格： me youhim her it usyou them我也是。1.人称代词的用法3）在带 as 和 than 的比较级后面，许多场合下用代词的宾格。1 ）作主语（作主语时用主格）She knows me as wel

2、l as him.We love our country.她像了解他一样了解我。我们热爱我们的祖国。He is taller than me.You cannot eat your cake and have it.他比我高。鱼与熊掌不可兼得。4 ）口语中，当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时，多用代2）作宾语（作宾语时用宾格）词的宾格。Winnie is a nice girl. We all like her.A: You ought to do it at once.温妮是个好姑娘。我们都喜欢她。你应该马上做。Tell him to call back later

3、.B: What? Me!告诉他过一会儿回电话。什么？我！3 ）作表语（在口语中用宾格）3.多个人称代词并列时的顺序If I were her, I would stay.在英语中如果出现多个人称代词，其排列的顺序主要有如下几种情况：要是我是她，我就留下来。1）单数的场合Don t blame Tom. It s me who broke it.you he/she I别怪汤姆，是我打破的。You, he and I will go shopping tomorrow.2. 人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合你，他和我明天将去购物。1 ）在日常生活中，人称代词作表语时，常用代词的宾格。2）复数的

4、场合A: Who is knocking at the door?we you they谁在敲门呀？We, you and they are all Chinese.B: It s me.我们，你们和他们都是中国人。是我。3）男女两性并列场合he she2 ）口语中，当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用代词的 宾格。今晚我不想去剧院。他和她不同意我的看法。B: Me neither.4）承认错误或承担责任时我也不想去。I he/she youA: Id like to stay here for another week.I and he are to blame for the

5、 accident.我和他应为这次事故承担责任。1) I love you better than he.(I love you better than he loves you.6)指距离。我比他爱你。注意： You and I 是固定结构，即使是在承认过失时，词序也不变。You and I are to blame.我爱你胜过爱他。7. it 的用法2 ) I love you better than him. (I love you better than I love him.我和你应为此负责。4.he 和 she 的特殊用法he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。1)指刚提到过的事物，

6、以避免重复。she可指代雌性动物或柔弱，优美之物，也可代表拟人化说法中的国家，月亮，汽车，轮船等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。A: When did the letter come?这封信什么时候送来的？1)The fierce tiger came at the monkey, but he missed her. (he tiger ， her 指 monkey)B: It came this morning.凶猛的老虎向猴子扑来，可没扑到。今天早上送来的。2)China will always do what she has promised to do.2)指未知性别的婴儿或孩

7、子。中国将始终履行自己的诺言。What a beautiful baby, is it a boy?3)The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makeshis多漂亮的宝宝呀，是男孩吗？appearance.3)指不明身份的人。太阳一出来，月亮就失去了她的光辉。A: Who is it knocking at the door?4)She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink.谁在敲门？她就是泰坦尼克号，据说是一艘永不沉没的船。B: It might be the postman.可能是邮

8、递员。同样地，用 our 代替 my )4)指时间或季节。1)We believe that China will still make greater progress.It is ten o clock.5. 报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we 代替 I现在是十点钟。我们相信中国将会有更大的发展。2)In our opinion this is the best film of the year.It was nearly midnight when she came back.我们认为这是今年最好的一部电影。她回来时已快到午夜了。6.we, you, they 有时超出人称的

9、区别，都可以泛指一般人，指“人们”，单数用 he.It is late autumn.1)We never know the worth of the well till it is dry.现在已是深秋了。失去了才知道可贵。5)指天气，环境。2)You can t live without air and waterIt s raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。离开空气和水，人就无法生存。3)They say there s going to be another good harvest this year.It is noisy in here.人们说今年又将是个丰

10、收年。这里很嘈杂。4)He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑的最好。It is half an hour s walk to the city centre.6.注意比较：走到市中心只需半小时。7)用于形式主语或形式宾语。简单句：It is hard to learn En glish well.3)It s the + 序数词 + time (that) have + v-ed形式主语真正主语第几次做某事了（hard为语补足语,It is the third time that he has failed the driv ing test.I find

11、 it hard to lear n En glish well.语义上的补充)_这是他第三次没能通过驾驶考试。形式宾语真正宾语It Ssince从已（多长时间了）注：宾语，宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。It is five years since he stopped smok ing.（宾语从句）复合句：I find (that) it is hard to learn En glish well.主句系表用于强调结构中他戒烟五年了。It is five years since we last met.从我们上次见面到现在已有五年了。It is/was that/who(不作任何成分)It w

12、as not before ； It won t be long beforeThe stude nts are lear ning grammar i n the classroom now.用不了多长时间某动作发生了 ；过不了多久某动作将要发生lt is the stude nts who are lear ning grammar i n the classroomnow.It was not long before they arrived. he retur ns from abroad.It won t be long beforelt is grammar that the st

13、ude nts are lear ning in the classroomnow.没过多久他们就到了。不久以后他们就要回国。II物主代词lt is in the classroom that the stude nts are lear ning grammar now.形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their* It is now that the students are learninggrammar in theclassroom.注意：在强调结构中，不能强调谓语部分。用来代替上文提到过的句子。It s not my com

14、puter.那不是我的电脑。You saved my life; I ll never forget it.She turned away her eyes.她把目光移开。注意：this上文发生过的，下文要说的事。（通常）Is this your coat?这是你的大衣吗?名词性物主代词： mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,yours,theirs1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语。that只能指代上文说过的一个名词。注：1）形容词性物主代词后可加 own表示强调，意为“自己的，完全属于自己的”。it通常指代上文的一句话。Monica has

15、her own com puter.He bought me a shirt. I like it.莫妮卡有自己的电脑。He bought me a shirt. I like that.I won t believe anything unless I see it with my own eyes.It常用的固定句型:除非我亲眼看见，否则我不会相信任何事情。It takes sb to do 2）形容词性物主代词常用来构成固定短语，此时代词不可缺少。某人用多长时间做某事try one s luck 碰运气in one s opin io n依某人的观点It took the man a w

16、eek to mend our roof.2.名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。这些人花了一周时间修好我们的屋顶。（名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加上前面所提到的名词）It s (about/high) time thatshould 其功能如下:是该做某事的时候了1 ) 作主语： This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.It s (about/high) time that we should take action.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。该是采取行动的时候了。Our school is in the cent

17、re of city and theirs is in the suburb.我们的学校在市中心，他们的在郊区。作宾语： Every p erson showed his ticket and I showed mine.每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。I don t like her dress while I like yours.我不喜欢她的裙子，但喜欢你的。作表语： This camera is mine and that is yours. 我的，那是你的。这架照相机是Mary worked out the p roblem herself.玛丽自己做出了这道题。2. 常用的反身代

18、词短语1)devote on eself to3)dress on eselfhelp on eself toteach on eself致力于自己穿衣随便吃，用自学2) enjoy on eself 玩得高兴4) come to on eself 恢复知觉6) hide on eself把自己藏起来8) lose on eself 迷路3)作同位语by on eself亲自(独自地)10) talk to on eself自言自语Is this back pack his or hers?这个背包是他的，还是她的?11)excuse on eself自我辩解12)be noton eself

19、身体不舒服与of连用构成双重所有格作定语:13)for on eself替自己，为自己14)in on eself本身我是你的一位崇拜者。I am a great admirer of yours.15)betwee n ourselves私下说的话(不可告诉别人)Adeli ne is a frie nd of mine.艾德林是我的一位朋友。16) amo ng themselves他们之间17) to on eself供自己使用皿反身代词注：有时，用形容词将反身代词分开。1.表示动作对象是发出者本身。I am still my old self.我还是原来的我。单数： myself, y

20、ourself, himself, herself, itself, on eself.复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves.反身代词的用法作宾语I ll put my humble self at your service.鄙人愿意听候您的吩咐。W相互代词表示互相：1) each other两人间的相互关系，使用对象上亲密，亲切。2) one ano ther指几个人之间的相互关系，使用对象上疏远。反身代词作宾语表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者自己。each other禾0 one another语义相同，句子成分上只能做宾语使用。I hope you w

21、ill enjoy yourselves on the tri p.Tom and I write to each other/o ne ano ther every week.我希望你们旅途玩得愉快。汤姆和我每周互相写信。The little boy can dress himself now.They gave each other/ one ano ther a p rese nt.那个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了。他们彼此赠送了礼物。作表语注意：each other 禾0 one another的所有格形式是在后一个词上加s在be和其他系动词如feel, look, seem之后，反身代词

22、可以用来描 述感觉，情绪和状态。We ofte n borrow each others/one another s clothes.I am not feeli ng myself today.我们常常互借衣服穿。今天我感觉有点不舒服。They have great concern for one ano thers/each other s work.他们很关心彼此的工作。相互代词的用法：1 )作宾语:The poor girl in the p icture is myself.照片上这个可怜的小女孩就是我。反身代词在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强其语气，常位于名词un dersta

23、 nd each other better.来自不同国度的人们彼此了解。Sports can help people from differentcountries体育运动可以使或代词后，作主语的同位语时也可位于句尾。We should lear n from one ano ther.我们应该I want to see Bob himself.互相学习。我想见鲍勃本人。2)所有格形式作定语You ought to respect each other s choices.她太小，走不了那么远。你们应该相互尊重对方的选择。5) 与表示时间的名词搭配。They took down one ano

24、ther s addresses.this与有些名词连用表示“目前的具体时间”他们彼此记下了对方的地址。this morning今天早晨 this after noon今天下午 this eve ning今天晚上V指示代词this week 本周 this mon th这个月this sp ring 今年春天1. this, that, these, those的用法that与某些名词连用表示“过去的具体时间”1 ) 表示近指和远指that morning那天早上 that afternoon 那天下午 that evening那天晚上this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物。tha

25、t week 那周that month 那个月 that spring那年春天that, those 可指时间或空间较远的人或物。these与某些名词连用表示“与目前相关的一段时间”This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.these days 女口今，目前，这些天 these years 这些年 these months这些月这件礼物是你的，那件是你弟弟的。those与某些名词连用表示“与过去相关的一段时间”I love these books but I don t like those ones.those days 那些

26、日子those years 那些年those mon ths那些月我喜欢这些书，但不喜欢那些。注意：指示代词在句中所作得成分注意：英国人打电话时，this指自己，that指对方。Hello, this is Alla n. Who is that sp eak ing?喂，你好！我是艾伦，你是哪位?2) 指刚提到过的或将要提到的事1)主语:This is what I want to emp hasize.这就是我想强调的2)宾语:Better take those with you.最好把那些带着。3)表语:My idea is this.我的想法是这样的。4)定语:What shall I

27、 do with these flowers?这些花怎么办？指刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情用that。Little George broke the vase, but he did nannoying.小乔治打碎了花瓶，自己还不承认,t admit it and that was very真是太气人了。who, whom, whose, what, which.1.who指人，是主格。主要作主语或表语。指即将要发生或将要提到的事情用this.Who saw you?谁看见你了？I want to know this: Was Miss Tones here the whole mornin

28、g?Who is that girl?那女孩是谁?我想知道的是，琼斯小姐整个上午都在这里吗?2.whom 指人,为who的宾格，用作定语。3) that, those 常常用来代替上文提到过的名词，以避免重复。With whom did you go to the con cert?that指代不可数名词或可数名词的单数。你和谁去听音乐会?Life today is much better tha n that in the old days. (that的生活比过去好多了。指代life)现在3.whose是用来询问某人或某物属于谁的,在句中放在名词前作定语。those指代可数名词复数。Who

29、se bicycle is this?The days in summer are Ion ger tha n those in winter. days)夏天的白天比冬天的白天长。(those 指代 the这是谁的自行车?4.4) this, that还可用作副词，意为“这么”“那么”。修饰形容词或副词,其用法与so类似。what用于对未知事物提问，主要指事物, 征，还可用来询问价格，人口数量等。也可以指人的职业或身份特She has n ever bee n this late for school before.她以前上学从没有这么晚过。She is too young to walk

30、that far.What do you usually do on Sun days?What color do you like?What is your father?星期天你经常做什么?你喜欢什么颜色?你父亲是做什么职业的?注意：1 )Whatfor?有时省略为 What for?用来询问原因或目的的。What do you spend all the money for正如所料，他考试不及格。2)The girl whom she is look ing after is her n eighbor.这就是我跟你谈到的那辆车。你为什么把那些钱都花光了？7) There is noth

31、ing in the classroom but in terested him.教室里的一切都使他产生了兴趣。What for? We still have eno ugh food in the ap artme nt.为什么？在公寓里我们仍然还有足够的食物。8) They talk about less an xiety tha n exists in their life.他们谈论着生活中感到有点焦虑的事。What if用来表示假设，建议，征求意见或疑虑等。What if it rains while we are on the way?1.关系代词在句中所作成分:要是旅途中下雨怎么办

32、?The girl who spoke is my best friend.（作主语）讲话的女孩是我最好的朋友。What if I go with you to the bazaar tomorrow?明天我和你们一块去集市怎么样?The man whom I bought it from told me to oil it.（作宾语）卖它给我的人让我给它擦油。What about ?表示建议或征求对方意见。What about going to the zoo?去动物园怎么样?I don t want to leave, what about you?我不想走，你呢?What do you

33、mea n用于向对方表示愤怒，不满等情绪。3)4)5)A men tal p atie nt is one whose mind is diseased.精神病人是脑子有病的人。He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子的人就得爬树。She was not in the train which arrived just now.（作定语）（作主语）（作主语）她不在刚到的那列火车上。What do you mean by shutti ng the door so loudly?你这么大声关门是什么意思?注意:（1 ）把它们称作关系代

34、词是因为它们有关联作用，把引起的从句和所 修饰的词联系起来。这种从句可称作关系从句，由于它修饰一个名What do you mea n by shouti ng at me?词或代词，因而也称作定语从句。你对着我大嚷是什么意思?5. which可指人或事物，表示在某一范围内选择。指人时：who whom指物时：that which（在紧跟介词时只能用which，不能用that.）用于必须做出某种特定的选择时，which后可以加of，而what则不可以。The documents for which they were searching have beenrecovered.Which col

35、or do you like better, red or yellow?红色和黄色你更喜欢哪一种?他们找寻的文件已经找到了。This is a subject about which we might argue for a long time.叫关系代词这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。关系代词在语义上与被修饰的名词一一照应，是对等的关系。（2）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that常可省略。who, whom, whose, which, that, as, but, tha nThose books (that) you lent me were very useful.都是用来引导定

36、语从句的，这类代词通常起着纽带的作用，把从句和它修 饰的词连接起来，同时又在从句中担任一个成分。你借给我的那些书很有用。1)The boy who went to the library is our mon itor.Here is the car (that) I told you about.3)The person whose coat is gree n is my tablemate.She has everyth ing (that) she could wish for.4)I like the book which is writte n in En glish.她想要的东西

37、全有了。5)The man that is giving a sp eech on the meet ing is our dea n.2. “ as, but, than的用法6)As is exp ected, he failed the exam.1） as : as在九大代词中，只能作关系代词，引导定语从句。当主句中出现 such, the same 时，用as。5)What you said is clear.He never hesitates to make such criticismsasare6)Whoever comes will be welcome.con sider

38、ed to be helpful to others.3) The p roblem, whose car it is is not clear.7)Whomever you are looki ng for is not imp orta nt.在非限定性定语从句中，先行项是整个的主句，通常把as引导的定语从句置于句首。8)Whosever car it is is unimportant.As was exp ected, he failed the exam.9)Whichever you choose is my favorite.2) but=that not10)Whatever

39、you said is OK.引导定语从句，作主语，作宾语，双重否定。2.宾语从句：1) I don t know who will go there.先行词通常也是否定含义的：nobody, no one, nothing, none.2) I don t know whom you are look ing after.There is no one of us but wishes to go.3) I don t know whose car it is.(but wishes to go=that does nt wish to go.)4) I don t know which w

40、e ll visit.我们人人都想去。5) I don t know what you side.3)than6) I don t know whoever comes.最基本的用法：作为从属连词使用，用于比较状语从句中，即形容词 的比较级。7) I don t know whomever you are look ing for.The indoor swimming pool is very luxurious which/thatisn ecessary.8) I don 9) I don t know whosever car it is.t know whichever you ch

41、oose.10) I don t know whatever you said.The in door swimm ing pool is more luxurious tha n is n ecessary.(than :引导定语从句3.表语从句：1) The p roblem is who will go there.在定语从句中作主语)2) The p roblem is whom you are look ing after.3) The p roblem is whose car it is.*The in door swimm ing pool is most luxurious

42、that is n ecessary.(在形容词最高级单独作表语时，定冠词the常可省略。)4) The problem is which we ll visit.忸连接代词5) The p roblem is what you said.6) The p roblem is whoever comes.连接代词是由疑问代词充当的，用来引导各种名词性从句，并在从句中充当一定的成分。7) The P roblem is whomever you are look ing after.普通连接代词：who, whom,whose, which,what8) The p roblem is whos

43、ever car it is.复 合式连 接代词: whoever, whomever, whosever,whichever,9) The p roblem is whichever you choose.whatever.10) The p roblem is whatever you said.连接代词用来连接名词性从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句4.同位语从句:1) The p roblem, who will go there has not bee n decided.3.表语从句2) The p roblem, whom you are look ing after is not

44、known.4.同位语从句1.主语从句：1 )Who will go there has not been decided.4) The problem, which we ll visit is up to her.2)Whom you are looking after is not known.5) The p roblem, what you said is clear.3)Whose car it is is not clear.6) The p roblem, whoever comes will be welcome.4)Which we II visit is up to he

45、r.7) The p roblem, whomever you are looking for is not imp ortant.8) The p roblem, whoever car it is is unimportant.I don t like this green peach. Please give me a red one.她的新汽车比旧的跑得快。注意：neither 后可跟of短语我不喜欢这个绿桃子，请给我一个红的。3）代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词以避免重复。9) The P roblem, whichever you choose is my favorite

46、.10) The P roblem, whatever you said is OK.K不定代词I p refer red roses to white on es.我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。The P roblem is harder tha n that one.这个问题比那个更难。不定代词表示某种程度和各种类型的不确定意义，它们在逻辑意义上是数 量词，具有整体或局部意义。简单不定代词词汇辨析：it , one, 与thatit是用来代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物，代替可数或不可数名词。 复数是they （主格）them （宾格）1.o

47、ne 的用法one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。我把电子词典放在抽屉里，可今天不见了。可单独使用，也可放在单数可数名词前作定语。(it 指上文提至 I的 electr onic dicti on ary)I left my electro nic dicti onary in my drawer, but today it is gone.one T ones（复数）one代替与前面事物同属一类但非同一个的可数名词，表示泛指意义。复数为ones.oneBr. E （名词所有格）I don t like this type of CD player. Could you show me a

48、better one?hisAm.E我不喜欢这种类型的CD播放机，能不能给我拿一个更好一点的?on eself（反身代词）(one 指 CD player )Himselfthat用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，可以指反义疑问句：one正式语体同一类；它的复数形式是those，用来替代前面特指的复数 名词，只能指物不能指人。you口语Mary s handwriting is far better than that of Henry.One should wash his hair regularly, should n玛丽的书法比亨利的好多了。（ that指the

49、handwriting ）A. he B. they C. you D. we2.either, n either1）单独使用，泛指“人” “一个人” “人们”。either表示“两者中任何一个”（此时句中也可以出现 one s或on eself与之呼应）n either表示“两者中任何一个都不”One often fails to see one s/his own faults.人往往看不见自己的缺点。either,和定语。neither是一对意义相反的代词，二者用法相同，都可作主语，宾语One should do one s/his best at all times.Either is

50、 OK.(作主语)一个人无论如何都应尽最大努力。两个随便哪个都行。2）表示具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”You may take either of the books.（作宾语）He is not one who is easy to work with.两本书中随你拿一本。他不是容易合作的人。There are roses on either side of the road.（作定语）This is the one you re looking for.路两旁种着玫瑰花。这就是你要找的那一个。1）either 和neither 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。注意：当one前面有形容词修

51、饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词。Neither is willi ng to help her.Her new car goes faster tha n her old one.两人都不愿帮她。Neither of them is in terested in the film.All the wi ndows are open.所有的窗户都开着。他们两个都对那部电影没兴趣。Both my sister and my cous in like p lay ing cards.2)either用作代词，可以单独使用，也可和 of连用，of后接复数名词，名 词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词。我的妹妹和表弟都喜欢打扑克。He doesn t like either of the two places.3) both, all作主语同位语时应位于实义动词之前，系动词，助动词或情态 动词之后。他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。They both like coffee very much.他们两个都很喜欢喝咖啡。3)either or “不是就是;或者或者The people all agree to p ass a law to p ro