非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

1、非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词：a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c.过去分词 概述：1谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式 ，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词)，又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leav ing her han dbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her han dbag on her seat.动词不定式一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加

2、动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种:1. 一般式 to do2. 进行式 to be doing3. 完成式 to have done4. 被动式 to be doneI like to read En glish.He seemed to be reading something at that time.He seemed to have clea ned the room.The work is to be done soon.5. 完成被动式 to have been doneThe boy is said to have bee n sent to hospital yesterday

3、. 疑问词+动词不定式What, who, which, where, whe n, how, why 等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、 宾语和表语等成分。二.动词不定式的用法I. 作主语(1) 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe.Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语，将to do位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1: It +谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to doIt takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.It costs

4、 you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.It seemed impossible to save mon ey.句型 2 ： It s + n. (+ for sb) + to doIt s our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyme nt _to_ spe nd our holiday in the coun tryside.It is a great honor for us to be prese nt at your birthday party.句型3： It is + adj ( + f

5、or sb)to do sth (是形容事物的性质的)It is + adj (+ of sb) to do sth (是形容人的品质的 )It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.疑问词+不定式作主语When to start rema ins un decided.1. It is easy to get there by bus or ta

6、xi.2. It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full whe n you are eat ing.4. It s our datyake good care of the old.5. How long did it take you to finish the work?6. It is stupid of you to write dow n everyth ing the teacher says.7. When to start has

7、 not bee n decided.8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.9. It s necefaryou to lock the car when you do not use it.10. It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.II. 作宾语接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter.I don t expect to meet you here(1) 常见动词有：like, dema nd, expect, promise

8、, begi n, determ ine, refuse, fail, man age, lear n, seem,forget, want, prepare, prete nd, pla n, wish 等They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didn t they?He said he wished _to be ( be ) a professor.(2) it作形式宾语I fin d/feel to work with him in teresti ngI fin d/feel it in terest ing to work with him .S

9、ubject+ fin d/th in k/feel/make/ con siderit+adj/n + to do sth.1. We thought _it_ better _to_ start early.2. Do you con sider _it_ better not _to_ go?3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ cha nge all that.4. We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework

10、in a day.(3) 疑问词+不定式作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, lear n, expla inHe taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.The dictionary didn t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.(4) 作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语。Can t choose but

11、 doCan t help but do/have no choice to doDo nothing but doPractice:1. Would you like to go to ? (would like to do sth.)2. The driver failed to see the other car in time.3. I think it our duty to obey the laws.4. Do you know how to play football?5. I found it difficult to see him here.6. Here are som

12、e ideas about how to find cheap, fun things to do with your family on weeke nds.7. Many people like to go to a restaura nt.8. I have nt decided whether to go or stay.9. Every one wants to have a happy weeke nd.10. She hope I ll advise her which to choose.III. 作宾语补足语1. I getl some one _to_ repair the

13、 recorder for you.2. What caused him _to_ cha nge his mind?v.+ sb.+ to doadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, en courage, force, get, hate, in vite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+ sb. to do注意：(1)在动词 feel (一感)，hear, listen to (二听)，have, let, make (三使)，notice

14、, see, watch, observe, look at (五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。v.+ sb.+ doLet s go toright now. (let sb. do sth.)They saw the boy fall off the tree. (see sb. do sth.)The boy was see n to fall off the tree.He is ofte n heard to sing (sing) the song.Though he ofte n made his deskmate

15、cry (cry).Today he was made to cry(cry) by his deskmate. (make sb. do sth.)（2）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him （to） clean the room. help sb. （to） do sth.I helped him （to） find his thin gs.比较：The professor told the stude nts how to do the experime nt .The professor told the stude nts to

16、 do the experime nt.Practice:1. No one lets you sit i n the office.2. I want you to know some rules.3. I heard her sing today. She sang won derful.4. We watched the children play games.5. Do you feel the house shake?6. The boss made the workers work for 12 hours a day.7. We were made to make ten sen

17、tences with these words.8. I m waiting for Tom to give the answer.9. Would you like her sing a song for us?10. Did anyone notice a strange man e into the bank?IV. 作定语I have something to tell you.（不定式作定语 ）1. 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is always the last to leave the room.We n eed some one to help with the work

18、.She is always the first to an swer questi ons.2. 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no cha nee to go there.He made a promise to be a good boy.There is no n eed to build a dam on the small river.3. 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have any thi ng to wash today?One of the most in teresti ng places to visit in is .不定式为不及物动词且和

19、所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词He bought a cup to drink water with.I have nothing to pla inabout.He is look ing for a room to live in.Practice:1. Each member can choose a film for the eve ning to watch together.2. He sat down at a table and waited for some one to take his order.3.Is this the best way to help him?

20、4. Please give me somethi ng to drink.5. She has a child to take care of.6. He is not the kind of man to do such thi ngs.7. It is already time to begin our class.8. Thank you for givi ng me the cha nee to make the speech.9. She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.10. You are the only pers on to b

21、e late.V. 作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。I came here to see you .（目的）We were very excited to hear the news .（原因）He hurried to the school to find no body there.（结果）（1）作目的状语表示谓语动作的目的，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to +V.（原形）so as to +V.原形）但 so as to 不用于句首。The stude nt saved much money to buy a ne

22、w mobile phone.He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.=In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.People have lear nt the importa nee of keep ing a bala need diet to satisfy(satisfy) their nu triti onalneeds.(2) 作结果状语不定式作结果状语时，多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不 定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可

23、在不定式前加上only.I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语时，常用于soas to,suchas to,enough to ,tooto 等结构中。如:She was so late to miss half of the lecture.She is such a good teacher as to be repected by all her stude nts.The house is

24、 large eno ugh to hold two hun dred people.The hat is too large to wear.He walks too slowly to get there on time.(3) 作原因状语。不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frighte ned, shocked, glad, delighted, dissapo in ted 等。They were surprised to be in formed of the n ews.She was ve

25、ry happy to hear that her son had bee n promoted.Practice:1.1 m glad to show you around the zoo on such a beautiful day.2. When people are too tired to cook after work, they often get a“ takeaway ”.3. Tart apples are used to make apple sauce.4. One day he went to a cafeteria to have lun ch.5. I am t

26、oo tired to think of anything now.6.1 work hard to pass the exam.7. You couldn t do that to save your life.8. The tea is too hot to drink.9. En glish is too difficult for me to lear n.10. This questi on is too hard for me to an swer.W .作表语 动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语。(1) 常说明主语的内容、性质、特征My wish is to bee a

27、teacher.Your job today is to clea n the playgro und.To be kind to the en emy is to be cruel to yourself.My suggesti on is to put off the meet ing.(2) 动词不定式作表语，表示将来They are to marry n ext week.You are to deliver these flowers before 10疑问词+不定式作表语The questi on is where to get the medici ne.The difficul

28、ty is how to do the most of work with the least of mon ey.Practice1. His dream is to be a doctor.2. The next step is to turn on the TV.3. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.4. Now my task is to finish the positi on.5. The questi on was how to do the job well.不定式的主动

29、形式表示被动意义I have someth ing importa nt to do.In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer.The box is not easy to carry.动词不定式综合练习I. 1 want to give up this job but I have to support my family.2. It will be difficult to live like this after they take back the house n ext

30、July.3. It took me 3 days to lear n the En glish song.4. The passage tells you what to do in the first few minu tes.5. Every one should know how to call for help in their area.6. The teachers also help them to do these thin gs.7. To be a winner, you n eed to give all you have and try your best.8. Wh

31、ich of them would you most like to visit?9. I feel it my duty to help others.10. The earth is better place to live on, but scientists are trying to make the best use of the moon.II. The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the special time.12. A flag is flow n outside a window to show that some

32、one who lives in that house is havi ng a birthday.13. The best way to improve your En glish is to join an En glish club.14. Something is still to find out.16. How to make requests politely is importa nt.17. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.18. It was n ecessary for her to tal

33、k with his mother.19. As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challe nge.20. Id in vite her to have dinner at my house.21. He was found to steal in the shop.22. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games23. The man dow nstairs found it difficult to f

34、all asleep.24. Do you have the ability to read and write En glish ?25. The Brow ns have a fortable house to live in.26. There is nothing to worry about.27. I allowed the childre n to play in my room for ano ther five minu tes.28. The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.29. We want to see Liu

35、 Yu achieve his dreams.30. Did you find it hard to solve the problem?动词的 ing 形式(v-ing/doing ).动词的ing的基本构成主动语态被动语态般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I don t remember having ever been given a chanee to do it.二.v-ing的功用v-ing相当于adj. adv. n.的功能，所以，在句中可以作：主语，宾语，定语

36、，状语，表语，宾语补 足语1. 作主语Smoking does great harm to people s health.Helpi ng her is my duty.Collect ing stamps is a good hobby.与动词不定式作主语的区别。（1）V-ing形式作主语，表示一般性、经常性的动作。表示一次性的动作多用不定时。Walking/To walk is a good form of exercise for both young and old.To walk there /Walking there is impossible.不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，

37、v-ing作主语常位于句首。只有某些习惯用语如no use, no good作表语用时，才用it作其他形式主语。It is no good/use doing sth.It is a waste of time/m oney doing sth.It is great fun doing sth.It is no use watch ing too much TV.It is no good talk ing to him, because he n ever liste ns.（3）句子主语若是不定式，主语也用不定式；句子表语若是v-ing,主语也用v-ing。To see is to be

38、lieve./See ing is believi ng.Talking to him is talking to a wall.2. 作表语，表抽象的，一般的行为，表主语的特征、性质和内容。It sounds in teresti ng.The book seems bori ng.My job is look ing after childre n.3. 作宾语，既可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。She sat there without speak ing.以下动词或短语只 v-ing形式作宾语： admit（承认）,avoid （避免，躲避），appreciate（感激）,con

39、sider（考虑），enjoy（享受，喜欢），escape （逃脱），fin ish （完成），keep doi ng （直做），mi nd （介意），suggest （建议），delay （耽误），deny （否认），excuse （原谅），practice （练习），resist （抗拒）等动词。I have fini shed readi ng the no vel.Do you mind buying a dictio nary for me on the In ternet?The little boy admitted taking away the money in the dr

40、awer.She kept wav ing to her husba nd un til he was out of sight. can t help禁不住），give up （放弃），feel like （想要），keep on （继续），think of （考虑），set about （着手,开始做）,dream of （梦见,梦想），have difficulty/trouble （in）（做有困难）,be busy （in）（忙于）,put off （推迟）等短语。When my father heard the n ews, he could nt help laugh ing.I

41、 don t feel like going to see the film.He was busy （in） prepari ng his less ons.He kept on working until midnight though he was tied. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用 v-ing作宾语。be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, pay atte nti on to, object to, get dow n to等。I look forward to seeing him again.Are you used to

42、 liv ing there alone? 下列动词或短语，既可以跟v-ing作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。表示经常性的行为后接v-i ng;love, like, prefer, hate表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。I like swim ming, but I don t like to swim this after noon.但要注意，如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面择接动词不定式。Would you like to go shopp ing with me?What would you prefer to eat toni ght? 下面

43、几组词接v-ing作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同。doing sth.忘记已做过某事。forgetto do sth.忘记要做某事doi ng sth.记得做过某事 rememberto do sth.记得要做某事 doing sth.后悔做过某事 regretto do sth.遗憾要做某事 doing sth.意味着mea nto do sth.打算做某事 doing sth禁不住做某事 can t help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事 to do sth. 努力做某事trydoing sth试着做某事to do sth.停下来去做某事stopdoing sth停下正在做的事情t

44、o do sth.继续做原来的事情go ondoing sth.继续做正在做的事 动词need, require, want作 需要讲时，以及be worth其后用v-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。Your coat wants wash in g.= Your coat wants to be washed.The method n eeds improv ing.This pair of shoes requires mending.The questi on is well worth discuss ing4 作宾语补足语，补充说明主语的性质或状态。常跟动词的-ing作补语的动词有：

45、表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有see, watch , hear, feel, smell, find , notice , observe,catch等等。I could feel my heart beati ng fast. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。They had the light bur ning all ni ght.5. 作定语。We have got a swim ming pool in our school.Do you know the boy sta nding at the gate?6. 作状语，它作状语时，

46、通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修 饰或作为陪衬。它可以表示时间、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。 表示时间。Heari ng the n ews, they all jumped with joy.Seeing its mother, the baby smiled.当强调与谓语动词同时发生时，在v-ing前可以用连词when或while.Be careful whe n cross ing the street. 表示原因。Being ill, he went home. 表示条件。Work ing hard, you will suc

47、ceed. 表示结果。The snow lasted a week, leadi ng to a serious traffic jam in the whole area. 表示伴随，v-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句代 替。She sat at the desk readi ng a n ewspaper.They walked on the way home, singing and laugh ing.三.v-ing的复合结构v-ing前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个v-ing的逻辑上的主语，构成v-ing的复合结构或v-ing短语。

48、1. v-ing复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。Nixon s visit in gmarked a new year betwee nand diplomatic relati ons.Their ing to help was a great en courageme nt to us.2. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，v-ing复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。The doctor does not mind me /my eati ng a little meat occasi on ally.Do you mind Jack s/Jac

49、k leaving now?I m afraid of the tent falling down.Practice1. Play ing basketball is very in terest in g.2. He likes play ing basketball.3. The girls in our class aren t interested in playing football.4. My hobby is play ing basketball.5. The boy play ing basketball on the playgro und is our mon itor

50、.6. I saw him play ing basketball whe n I passed the playgro und.7. After havi ng played basketball, he felt tired.8. His pare nts died, leavi ng him a lot of mon ey.9. Many people e to the parks, looking for relaxations and entertainment.10. He admitted havi ng done wrong.11. The room wants clea ni

51、ng.12. His not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.13. The problem n eeds work ing out.14. The stude nts knowing En glish well will help them to lear n Fren ch.15. Do you remember Joh n and his father ing to see us last Christmas?16. Besides, smok ing does harm to brains and it can

52、 in flue nee studies.17. We don t need to go far to find an interQsg site.18. In stead of traveli ng to famous sites on the other side of the coun try, we can find out more about our own local historical flavor.19. I remembered setting up a tent and sleeping outside with my families.20. Learning abo

53、ut puters can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car.21. To raise wage means in creas ing purchas ing power.22. He forgot buying the book several days ago. As a result, he bought ano ther one yesterday.23. You can try writing some positions in English.24. The teacher asked the stude nts

54、in the class to stop talk ing.25. The little boy couldn t help crying after his toys had been taken away.26. The scientist began his career in 1975 by working on a rice research project in his home country.s ing.27. The movie was defi nitely worth see ing.28. The mecha nic went on check ing the mach

55、 ine in the factory after the leader29. Mr. Hu came in the classroom, carry ing a han dbag in his right hand.30. The man ager found the clerk play ing puter games at work.过去分词过去分词相当于 adj.和adv.的功能，所以，它可以作定语，状语，宾语补足语和表语。过去分词 的用法，一是表完成，二是表被动。规则动词的过去分词以-ed结尾构成，不规则动词的过去分词变化见不规则动词表。1作定语：过去分词作定语，如果是单个的词，常置

56、于其所修饰的名词之前。如果是过去分词短 语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。a broken cup 一只打破的杯子（被动）spoken English 口语（被动）a retired worker 退休的工人（完成） badly-built house修得很差的房子（完成） newly-arrived visitors新来的参观者（完成） well-behaved childre n表现好的孩子（完成）注意：过去分词作定语与v-ing形式，动词不定式作定语的区别。the risen sun已升起的太阳（完成）the rising sun正在上升的太阳（进行）the fallen leaves 落在地上的叶子（完成）the falling leaves正在飘落的叶子（进行）Have you read the book written by Lu Xun ？Have you seen the person writing the book?1 have an importa nt letter to write.The bridge ,built in 1950 ,broke dow n yesterday.The workers havi ng