高中英语必修二Unit4-知识点讲解及答案

1、必修二第四单元.词汇短语过关1respondvi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应responsen.回答，回复；反应respondtosb./sth回.答(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用回应某人(事)respondto(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应responsetosb./sth.对(人/物)的回答/回复/反应inresponseto作为对的反应即学即练1(1)theystillhavent_myletter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)he_mysuggestion_alaugh/_laughing.他对我的建议报

2、以一笑。(3)hisillnessdidnt_treatmentbydrugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)mymotheropenedthedoor_theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。respondedto,respondedto,with,by,respondto,inresponseto2certainadj.确定的；无疑的；某(种)(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于some.但some前不加冠词。foracertainreasonforsomereason由于某种原因certainprofessors

3、someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于sure.但是certain的主语既可以是人，也可用于itiscertainthat.句型，而sure主语只能是人。“becertain/sure从句”(人)有把握/确信(表示主语的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.人()确信(表示主语的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)“makecertain/sure从句”弄清楚/确保makecertain/sureof/abouts

4、th.把某件事情弄清楚forcertain/sure确定地，确切地(做状语)第1页共10页itiscertainthat.一定会(不能用sure)即学即练2(1)therewas_inhismanner他.的态度有点冷淡。(2)areyou_it？你对此有把握吗？(3)heis_hisduty他.肯定会尽职。(4)_hehaswrongedme我.确信他冤枉了我。(5)_theirteamwillwinthematch他.们队肯定会赢得比赛。acertaincoldness,certainabout/of,certaintodo,imcertainthat,itscertainthat3con

5、tainvt.包含；容纳(hold)；抑制(control)即学即练3(1)hispaper_nomistakesatall.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)orangejuice_thingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)thisbottle_twoglassesofbeer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)hecouldnt_forjoy.他不胜欢喜。contained,contains,contains,containhimself4affectvt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感动beaf

6、fectedbyheat/cold中暑/着凉beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧即学即练4(1)theamountofrain_thegrowthofcrops降.雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)oneofherlungs_alittlesothatshehastorest她.的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)theaudience_byhisspeech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects,isaffected,weredeeplyaffected5appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciationn.欣赏；感激appreciatesth.(than

7、ksb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoingsth感.激做某事one/onesdoingsth感.激某人做某事第2页共10页iwouldappreciateitif.如果，我将不胜感激。即学即练5(1)hehighly_.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)weshall_youagain.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)ireally_totheparty.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)iwould_youcouldhelpme.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。appreciatedhishelpappreciatehearingfromappreciateyourcomingapp

8、reciateitif6succeedv成功successn.u成功；成就c成功的人或事successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedindoingsth.havesuccessindoingsth.besuccessfulindoingsth成.功做某事achievegreatsuccess取得巨大的成功sb./sth.isasuccess成功的人或事即学即练6(1)weall_themidtermexamination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)failureisthemotherof_失.败是成功之母。(3)hewas_asanovelis

9、t.他是非常成功的小说家。succeededinpassing,success,asuccess7harmvt.&n损害；危害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfultodoharmtodosb.harmdoharmtosb对.有害thereisnoharmindoingsth.第3页共10页itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。即学即练7(1)thedogseemsfierce,butitwont_anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。(2)fruitjuicecan_childrensteeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

10、(3)hemaysayno,but_asking他.可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。harm,beharmfulto,thereisnoharmin8dieout灭亡，逐渐消失dieout绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死dieaway(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息diedown(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来dieof指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等diefrom指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死即学即练8(1)scientistssaidthatthoseplants_acenturyago.

11、科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2)manyoldcustoms_.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)ifthesnowstormdoesnotblowover,thecattlewill_.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。(4)opentheairhole;thefireis_.把气孔打开，火要熄了。diedout,aredyingout,dieoff,dyingdown(5)everywintersomeoldpeople_hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)nowadaysmanypeople_cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。diefrom,die

12、of9indanger(of.)处于危险之中outofdanger脱离危险即学即练9第4页共10页(1)thedrownedgirlwasobviously_.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)theoldhouseis_collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas_.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。inimmediatedanger,indangerof,outofdanger拓展：与in/outof搭配的短语inorder有秩序insight看得见introuble在困境中

13、inline成行(队)inplace适合/当infashion时尚outoforder出故障(机器等工作不正常)outofsight看不见outoftrouble摆脱困境outofline不成一直线outofplace不合适outoffashion过时10protect.from/against.保护免受(的伤害)defend.from/against.保卫以抵制keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻止某人做即学即练10(1)youngplantsshouldbewell_thecold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(

14、2)thehen_itsyoung_beingattackedbythecat.母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)everyoneshouldtakeuparmsto_ourcountryfrominvasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)nothingcan_us_realizingourdreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protectedfrom,protected,against,defend,第5页共10页stop,from提示：(1)protectagainst和protectfrom意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等

15、，常用protectagainst,对于较小的事情常用protectfrom.(2)在protect.from/against.结构中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有时against后跟beingdone来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中prevent/stop.from.中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而keep.from.中的from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11payattentionto注意attention,please!请注意！(演讲用语)(mayihaveyourattention,please？)attract/catch/draw/g

16、etonesattentionto吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrateonesattentionon将注意力集中于devoteonesattentionto专心致志于callonesattentionto唤起某人对的注意提示：以上短语中的to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。即学即练11(1)she_herappearance.她很注重外表。(2)agreatdealofattentionhasbeen_protectingtheenvironment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paidmuchattentionto,paidto12comeintobeing出

17、现；形成；产生obeing使形成；使产生forthetimebeing暂时；眼下即学即练12(1)wedontknowwhentheuniverse_.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)suchacustom_longago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。cameintobeing,cameintobeing提示：comeintobeing是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：comeintopower当权comeintoeffect生效comeintoaction开始行动第6页共10页comeintooffice就职comeintosight看得见comeintou

18、se开始使用易错点拨自我完善?误区备考1.contain/include(1)contain意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。(2)include意为“包含；连在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用“including被包括部分”或“被包括部分included”。如：manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。应用1用contain和include的适当形式填空。(1

19、)thechinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.it_alotoffruitandgreenvegetables.(2)everyonetookpartinthefightagainsttheflood,_oldpeople.(3)the_can_100litresofwater.includes,including,container,contain2.affect/effect/influence(1)affect常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。(2)effect常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：havean

20、effecton/uponsb.对有影响，takeeffect生效，实行，come/gointoeffect开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。应用2(1)probablywe_eachother.(2)to_apolicyistohavean_onit.influenced,affect,effect高效作业自我测评?技能备考.单词拼写1thishatwillgivep_againstthehotsun.2mywalletc

21、_twohundredyuanandmypassportwaslostwheniwasshopping.3mrsbrownsdogb_themailmanwhenhewasdeliveringnewspapers第7页共10页yesterdayafternoon.4bothbeesandbutterfliesbelongtoi_.5themotherisr_herbabyagainstmosquitoes.6youdbetter_存(留)themoneyforfutureneed.7wellgo_(打猎)tomorrow.8wegreatly_感(谢，感激)yourtimelyhelp.9sh

22、eturnedher_注(意力)tonewproblems.10thedoglooks_凶(恶).youdbetterkeepawayfromit.单项选择1thedriverwasat_losswhen_wordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.aa;theb/;/cthe;theda;/2itis_thathisenglishis_perfect.asure;verybright;rathercexact;fairlydcertain;quite3stop_thiskindofsnakes.theyare_.ahunting;dyingout

23、btohunt;dyingoutchunting;dyingawaydtohunt;dyingdown4idliketoarrive20minutesearly_icanhavetimeforacupoftea.aassoonasbasaresultcincasedsothat5areyoudrivingtotheairport,sir?idappreciate_ifyoucouldgivemealift.athatbyoucthisdit6moreattentionshouldbe_equipmentinourfactorysothatwecanincreaseourproduction.a

24、paidtoimprovingbpaidtoimprovectakentoimprovedtakentoimproving7howmanypassengerswereintheplane?it_100,20chinese_.acontained;includedbcontained;includingcincluded;containeddcontained;containing8thediseasefailedto_tothenewdrugsthedoctorapplied.arespondbturncreplydrefer第8页共10页9much_bythestoryofcongfei,i

25、amalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.aaffectedbappreciatedcadmireddeffected10theremaybekindsofinfectious(传染的)diseasesinpublicplaces.youshouldkeepyourchildren_totheplaceswherepeoplearecrowded.anotgobnottogocgoingdfromgoing11afteraheateddiscussionatthemeeting,anewplancame_being,whichwouldhaveagreateff

26、ect_theculturallifeofthepeople.ainto;forbto;tocfrom;atdinto;on12nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyyearsitwillbe_thechinesefootballteamentersthefinalstageoftheworldcup.awhenbsincecbeforeduntil13shewasknocked_byacarandnowwasstill_.adown;indangerboff;dangerouscdown;dangerousdoff;indanger14excuseme,whattimeisitnow?sorry,mywatch_.it_attheshop.aisntworking;isbeingrepairedbdoesntwork;isbeingrepairedcisntworking;isrepairedddoesntwork;isrepaired15mycarstartedupatlast.youshouldhaveitrepaired_itsworkingnow.aaslongasbasthoughceventhoughdincaseprotection,containing,bit,insects,rubbing,hunting,appreciate,reserve