Analysis of Chinese Translation of English Idiom2

1、浅析英语习语的汉译analysis of chinese translation of english idiom contentsabstract.1key words.1i. introduction.2ii. relationship between idiom and culture.21. definition of idiom.2 2. characteristics of idiom.3 3. definition of culture.4 4. relationship between english idiom and culture5iii. several transla

2、ting ways of english idiom.6 1. liberal translation.7 2. literal translation.73. combination of liberal and literal translation.84. translation with annotation.9iv. conclusion.9references.10analysis of chinese translation of english idiom abstract：an english idiom is a group of words with a special

3、meaning, which is different from the meaning of a free phrasefor the sake of using idioms correctly and appropriately in cross-cultural communication, we must firstly be aware of the cultural differences and national characteristics of english and chinese idioms and then master a series of helpful l

4、earning and translating skills. moreover, idioms are profoundly affected by culture and the chinese culture differs remarkably from the english one. these two features make it difficult for us to interpret and translate them. so this paper offers four methods used in idioms translation to help engli

5、sh learners understand idioms. they are literal translation, liberal translation, combination of literal and liberal translation and translation with annotation respectively. under different circumstances, one should use different methods to make the translation faithful to the source language and v

6、ivid in the target language. at the end of this paper, some opinions on idioms translation are given so as to do better translation.key words: idiom; literal translation; liberal translation; combination of literal and liberal translation; translation with annotation 摘 要：英语习语是具有特殊意义并区别于自由词组意义的一组单词。在

7、跨文化交际中，为了正确地和准确地使用习语，我们首先必须意识到英语习语和汉语习语的文化差异和民族特色。然后，再掌握一系列英语习语的学习与翻译技巧。其次，习语受文化的深刻影响而中国文化与英国文化有具有显著的差异。正是习语的这两个特点，使得我们翻译习语具有一定的难度。因此，这篇论文给出四种习语翻译方法以帮助英语学习者更好地理解习语。它们分别是直译，意译， 直译加意译和加注释翻译方法。在不同的情况下，应使用不同的翻译方法以使译文忠实于源语言并使译文在目标语中形象生动。在论文的结尾，作者又给出关于能更好的翻译习语的一些见解。关键词：习语； 直译；意译；直译加意译；加注释翻译i. introduction

8、 in contemporary world, english has been used widely, and it becomes more and more important. if you want to learn english very well, you should know some certain english idioms and their correspondent chinese translation. english idioms have fixed chinese translations and have their own translation

9、 techniques. it is an expression established in the long usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in grammatical construction or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements. in a broad sense, english idioms include idiomatic phrase,

10、proverbs, colloquialisms and slangs. in comparison, the chinese equivalent for “idiom” is “熟语”. idiom plays a very important part in language,it is a group of words with special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words，or different from the meanings of a free phrase. and they pla

11、y important role in english learning. so it is necessary for an excellent translator and very important for every english learner to know the translating methods of english idiom in chinese. in the following, the author will introduce some translation skills. and hope these skills can help improve t

12、he english levels of english learners.language belongs to a special cultural phenomenon. and the culture influences the appearance of the idiom, which plays a predominant role in english language. the idioms of a nation are closely associated with its culture. english and chinese idioms are no excep

13、tion to the rule. british and chinese geographical conditions, life experiences, histories, religious beliefs and literatures are all stamped on their idioms. for the sake of using idioms correctly and appropriately in cross-cultural communication, we must firstly be aware of the cultural difference

14、s and national characteristics of english and chinese idioms and then master a series of helpful learning and translating skills. so it is very important to take a look at the effect of every field of culture on the appearance of english idiom. in a word, we should not only master some translation m

15、ethods of english idioms, but also be aware of the cultural differences between source language and target language. ii. relationship between english idiom and culture1. definition of idiom it is quite difficult to give a clear-out definition to the word idiom, for it possesses several meanings, whi

16、ch might cause us confusion. it may mean the language of a people or a country, or a dialect, or a linguistic usage that defies grammatical analysis. but the most suitable definition for this paper is as follows. “idiom is an expression established in the long usage of a language that is peculiar to

17、 itself either in grammatical construction or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements.” english idioms, in a broad sense, include idiomatic phrase, proverbs, colloquialisms and slangs. in comparison, the chinese equivalent for “idiom” is “熟语”

18、. it means a kind of set phrase or sentence, which, like a stock expression, is often quoted by the common people. chinese idioms can be roughly divided into “成语”(set phrases), “俗语”(common sayings), “谚语” (proverbs), “歇后语”(a two-part allegorical saying),and “粗俗语”(vulgar expression). an idiom is an ex

19、pression which is unique to a language and cannot be understood simply from the meaning of its individual part. it is the core and cream of a language. idiom, or say common saying, proverb, slang and so on. its expression is so strong, rich and vivid. idiom is a strong means to strengthen the abilit

20、y of expression in original language; it often contains rich national cultural characteristic and information. during the translation, if we can display it as far as possible, the article will be colorful. some literates say: “idiom is the salt in dish”. as some scholars say that idiom is the vitami

21、n in food. thus, it can be seen that idiom plays an important role in language.2. characteristics of idioms idioms, as a special and inseparable part of language, are the instrument and shell of thinking. they are set phrases or sentences abstracted from language and form an essential part of the wh

22、ole vocabulary, which reflect the national colors of the native speaker and are said to be considered as the sinew of the language. so, it is important to master the translating techniques on chinese translation of english idiom. first of all, let us have a look at the characteristics of idioms. idi

23、om has the following characteristics:1) an idiom is a special form of language. it must be well established and accepted through common practice. it stands as a whole. so no element in an idiom can be changed. in many cases, idioms hold implied meanings, and cannot be interpreted just according to t

24、heir literal meanings. 2) an idiom is the crystallization of language. language gives birth to idioms. it also polishes idioms. refined by long usage, idioms have been described as the core of language. 3) an idiom is the representative of a language. though both british and chinese people use idiom

25、s and give the almost same definition of idioms, we cannot equal the two idioms, for their ranges are different. for example, english people think that dog is a kind of royal animal. so there are some idioms about it, such as “lucky dog” means 幸运的人, “every dog has his day” means凡人皆有得意日. while in chi

26、na, dog is considered as contemptible animal. so idioms like 狼心狗肺，狗血喷人 etc, appeared. dragon is loved by chinese, while in england it is detested by the english. in china, the chinese think that dragon is good thing, the idiom about it龙风呈祥，龙腾虎跃 appeared. in england, people regard it as an evil or da

27、ngerous animal. 4) idiom comes from the experience of common people. it reflects the national colors.5) idiom is the most important rhetorical device.6) idiom is the special component of language. sometimes, it is not conform to the regularity in grammar, and in logic. for example, “money makes mare

28、s to go”. the regular grammar point is that make somebody do something, but in this idiom the grammar is make somebody to do something. and the words of idioms keep rather fixed. for example, in idiom “a stitch in time saves nine” “a” can not be substituted by “one”.just because of the above charact

29、eristics of the english idioms, the translation of them is very difficult and complex.3. definition of culturedifferent people have different views on culture. culture derives from the latin word culture, which means cultivated materials and human cultivated nature. among various definitions, the fi

30、rst generally accepted and comparatively complete definition is presented by an anthropologist sir edward tylor in primitive cultures (1871). he defines culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as

31、 a member of a society. some linguists consider culture as the deed and thought of a society. some famous translation theorists define culture as the way of life of a peculiar community, which is expressed by a language. afterwards, scholars enriched the concept of culture by adding material to it a

32、nd divided it into three parts in broad terms. 1) material culture, which is manifested by various productions made by mankind. for instance, drinks, foods, buildings, dresses, tools, etc. 2) spiritual culture, which is presented by the way and the result of mens thinking process, including beliefs,

33、 ideas, views, values, outlook on life, etc. 3) social systems and customs, which means peoples way of life and social regulations, involving laws, customs, education, history, etc. but this classification is not the terminal one. other scholars, such as eugene a. nida, view ecology a part of cultur

34、e. so generally speaking, culture is like an umbrella, covering every aspect of our life, from environment to cultivated nature, from social productions to spiritual works.4. relationship between idiom and cultureas has been noted, an idiom is the essence of a language. therefore, the relationship b

35、etween idiom and culture is just like the relationship between language and culture. first of all, language is a part of culture, but not the full content of culture, since material culture is manifested by mans productions. furthermore, language mirrors culture. the most important function of langu

36、age is to reflect productions made by humankind, peoples outlook on life and the development of a community. last but not least, language is influenced and shaped by culture. the development of culture promotes the creation of new words and expressions in a language. besides, every aspect of culture

37、 influences language directly, either material or spiritual culture. owing to this kind of close relationship, language is described as the carrier of culture and the mirror of cultural characteristics. therefore, idioms -the refined part of language, are influenced deeply by culture. they are cultu

38、rally characterized. as is well known, different nations possess different cultures. as a result, idioms of different nations must be affected by their peculiar cultures. now, let us take a look at the effect of every field of culture on the appearance of english idiom.1) idiom and history in histor

39、y, there are many wars among countries. with the high frequency of war and the invasion of enemy, the culture of the stronger country also changes the culture of the weaker country. in 43 bc, the romans conquered the britain. along with the conquest, the custom, clothes, life style of rome were infi

40、ltrated to britain. language also changed with it. in english idioms we can find the trace of the roman culture. for example, “do in rome as the romans do”, the chinese meaning is 在罗马就要过罗马人的生活即入乡随俗. “rome was not built in a day”, the chinese meaning is 罗马不是一天建成的即伟业非一日之功. “all roads lead to rome”, th

41、e chinese meaning is 条条道路通罗马即殊途同归, etc.2) idiom and religion religion is a kind of cultural phenomenon. idiom has a closed relation with culture; therefore it can reflect the effect of religion on language. in english, there are more idioms related to christianity. for example, “old adam” is an engl

42、ish idiom from a story of genesis. the god created the first man named adam then made a woman out of the rib of this man named eve. god let them live in the garden of eden; do not allow them to eat the fruits in the tree planted in the garden. but, one day, they eat the fruits secretly tempted by th

43、e snake. at last, god found out this quickly. in order to punish them, god expelled them out of the garden of eden. so this idiom occurred, it means 人类原始的罪恶本性即本性的罪恶.3) idiom and tradition tradition of every country is different from that of the other countries. for example, english people have good

44、sense of dog. they think that dog is a kind of loyal animal and regard it as their good friend. but chinese people dislike dog and only regard it as the inferior animal. as a result, people of these two countries create some idioms related to dog, which have sharp differences. in english, “love me,

45、love my dog”, means 爱吾及物. “lucky dog”, means 幸运的人.but in chinese, they are some idioms, such as 狗仗人势, 狗血喷人. 4) idiom and weather the climate of britain is the typical temperate oceanic climate, rainy and foggy. the annual rainfall of the whole britain is about 1016mm. moreover, it is foggy on the is

46、land, especially in winter. because of this kind of weather, some idioms appeared related to the weather of britain. the following are some examples: (1) rain cats and dogs: rain very heavily.倾盆大雨 (2) fog-bound: trapped by fog.因雾受阻 (3) it never rains it pours: misfortunes usually cone in large numbe

47、rs.不下则已,一下倾盆 from the above we can see that if you know the culture behind the idiom, it can help you understand and translate the idiom better. culture contains lots of fields, such as custom, art, belief, sports, etc. every field has its own idioms; they take up a large proportion in language. in

48、order to communicate with native speaker without misunderstanding, we should be familiar with the idioms, translating techniques of english idiom and the relevant knowledge about it.iii. several translating ways of english idiomtranslation is an art, a bilingual art, which is considered as the cultu

49、ral bridge and media between two languages. as there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between the oriental and occidental languages, translation is no easy job, especially the translation of english idiom. therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original english idioms as well as

50、cater for all the chinese readers, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating. so in this paper several translation methods of english idiom are presented, such as the following translating ways and skills.1. literal translationliteral translation refers to the co

51、mplete representation of the original when the original almost accords with the chinese language in the form of vocabulary, grammatical structure and rhetorical device. in the terms of idiom translation, literal translation can keep the original form of english idioms without causing confusion in me

52、aning.generally speaking, literal translation means not to alter the original words and sentences. and strictly speaking, literal translation strives to keep the flavor and style of the original, takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text into consideration in the course of translat

53、ion. furthermore, it strives to reproduce both the content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech. for example: when i am in trouble, she offers fuel in snowy weather to help me go through it.a: 当我有困难时，她帮助我度过难关。这简直是雪中送炭。b: 当我有困难时，她给予我帮助使我度过难关。 from

54、the above two chinese versions of “offer fuel in snowy weather”, we can see a is better than b, because the english idiom “offer fuel in snowy weather” and “雪中送炭” in chinese is perfectly equivalent. but b can not express the original meaning accurately. so in this case, literal translation should be

55、 employed.there is another example “she is as beautiful as snow white”.a: 她非常漂亮. b: 她像白雪公主一样漂亮. it is not difficult to tell which chinese version is better. the example given above contains a simile; she is compared to snow white. although there is no snow white in chinese culture, we can know that snow white is the most beautiful girl in the world from the english fairy story named snow white and seven dwarfs. so version b can not lead chinese readers into misunderstanding, instead it makes the sentence vivid. opposite to b, version a tra