[语言类考试复习资料大全]The Balance of power(2)VIP

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全The Balance of power(2)The Balance of power(2)Part OneWords and ExpressionsTranslate the following sentences with the words and expressions provided.问题:1. 它从另一角度描述了网络营销工作的目的：使更多的人登陆网址已经不够，而经销商的广告力度应该与网络吻合，以利把更多的潜在顾客聚集到它的最有效的销售工具上。(dovetail with, castin a

2、 different light)答案: That casts the purpose of online marketing efforts in a different light; getting more people to the web site is no longer good enough. Rather, the dealerships advertising efforts should dovetail with the web site in such a way as to funnel more prospects into its most effective

3、sales tools.问题:2. 这些发展对普及当地的自治并非好兆头。那些省级官员正抢着敛财，忽略了本省遭受的经济和环境破坏。例如，矿工正让被汞污染的水渗入城市的汇水区。(bode ill for, seep into)答案: These developments bode ill for the spread of local autonomy. Short-sighted provincial officials scrambling to line their own pockets ignore the damage to the economy and environment of

4、 their provinces. For example, miners are letting mercury-tainted water seep into the city catchment area.问题:3. 针对澳大利亚法庭在使合同生效上所起的作用虽然有不同的司法见解，但总的说来，法院把维护协议的需要放在首位，特别是已生效的协议和商业安排。(uphold, give primacy to)答案: Although there have been differences in Australian judicial opinion as to the role of the co

5、urt in giving effect to a contract, in general the courts give primacy to the need to uphold agreements, particularly executed agreements and commercial arrangements.问题:4. 跟上个世纪二三十年代相比，今天唯一的不同就是现在的社会保障稍稍减轻了经济下行的影响。虽然多年来相当大比例人群的实际收入下降，美国人似乎已经默认了这种形势的变化。(cushion, acquiesce in)答案: The only difference b

6、etween today and the 1920s1930s is that there is a social safety net, which has cushioned the downturn somewhat. Despite years of declining real incomes for a sizable percentage of the population, Americans have seemingly acquiesced in this turn of events.问题:5. 大众传媒技术已经改变了社区，使其变得更糟。上个世纪五十年代，人们痛惜晶体管收

7、音机将终结一家人围在无线电旁收听广播的时代。如今家长们担心他们的孩子花太多的时间发短信。(spell the end of, fret about)答案: Mass communication technology has altered the community for the worse. In the 1950s, people lament that the transistor radio would spell the end of families gathered around the radio. Parents now fret about their kids spen

8、ding too much time instant messaging.问题:6. 人身伤害方面的律师面临着法律界最激烈的来自网络的竞争：数以千计的技术娴熟的律师事务所争先恐后地要占有一席之地。(vie for, gain a foothold)答案: Personal injury attorneys face some of the fiercest online competition the legal field has to offer as thousands of tech savvy law firms continuously vie to gain a foothold

9、 online.Usage and StructureFill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given.问题:1. continue A. War is merely the _ of policy by other means. B. The United Nations Security Council welcomes the _ cooperation of the Governments of Iraq and Kuwait. 答案: continuation, continued问题:2. mobile A. C

10、hina has excelled in _ resources for science and technology on an unprecedented scale and at exceptional speed. B. Without the prospects of future rewards, an _ supporter is better off if he simply accepts a reward and does not show up at the polls. 答案: mobilizing, unmobilized问题:3. wary A. There is

11、a certain residual _ in Britain about foreign takeovers _ a fear that acquirers will strip out the business and take it abroad. B. As anti-government unrest continues to ripple across the Middle East, many in Israel are watching the changes _. 答案: wariness, warily问题:4. subsidy A. Government uses tax

12、es and _ not only to raise revenue or redistribute income but also to shape peoples incentives. B. China will _ the use of energy-saving desktop computers and air-conditioners in its latest effort to boost domestic demand and conserve electricity. 答案: subsidies, subsidize问题:5. convert A. Traveling b

13、etween cities in the US and other countries requires _ between Centigrade and Fahrenheit, as well as between Kilos and Pounds. B. Shyne talks about _ to Judaism in prison and how its changed his outlook on Hip Hop. 答案: conversions, converting问题:6. chill A. Many women are especially sensitive to cold

14、, and for them the _ of the hands and the feet is difficult to ease even after entering a warm room. B. Legislation designed to deal with internet trolling could have a _ effect on online freedoms. 答案: chilliness, chilling问题:7. monopoly A. Which country was the first able to _ the spice trade and op

15、en trade with China? B. The competition in the copyright _ and culture-sharing field is about who executes the copy file command the most cost-efficiently. 答案: monopolize, monopoly问题:8. reputation A. Im looking into starting an apparel business but need to figure out where I can buy wholesale produc

16、ts from a _ source. B. More than fifty thousand books have _ been written about the American Civil War. 答案: reputable, reputedly问题:9. initial A. Now researchers are building an electronic nose that could help physicians detect the disease during its _ stages. B. Another approach would be to _ more s

17、ecurities purchases or to increase the average maturity of our holdings. 答案: initial, initiate问题:10. exclude A. The hotel charges 6 pounds a day, _ of meals. B. How is social _ (SE) related to poverty, conflict and insecurity? 答案: exclusive, exclusion问题:11. align A. Babies eyes are sometimes slightl

18、y _ until about age 3 to 4 months, when they usually begin to track normally. B. The Auto Care offers a wide selection of wheel _, as well as steering and suspension system services to best fit your vehicles needs. 答案: misaligned, alignment问题:12. appreciate A. If _ were much higher than inflation, t

19、hen it wouldnt be too long before no one could afford to buy a house! B. Jokes will be out, unless cracked by the boss, in which case _ laughter will be compulsory. 答案: appreciation, appreciativePart TwoClozeDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the c

20、orresponding blanks. Two 1 graduates are selling advertising space on their faces to pay 2 a combined student debt of almost 50,000. Faced with a challenging job market, 3 Cambridge students Ed Moyse and Ross Harper are painting different company logos onto their faces. Anyone can 4 the advertising

21、space, from businesses to individuals or groups, on a day-to-day 5 . The 6 which can be viewed at www. buymyface.co.ukare then seen by everyone they pass as they go 7 their, daily business. The graduates, 8 met on their first day at Selwyn College, Cambridge, started the business on October 1, 2011

22、and made 3,500 in the first 10 days. The boys said they are 9 only with 10 student debt and a firm 11 of the principles of viral advertising as they attempt to survive for a year 12 on income generated by 13 themselves into walking advertisements. Mr. Harper, 21, who studied neuroscience, said: Its

23、our 14 way of paying off our student debt. The 15 job market is incredibly 16 , and so we thought wed try and 17 it altogether. Weve seen so many students unsuccessfully 18 for jobs, only to eventually settle 19 a career that they never really wanted. Its just something a bit different and has taken

24、 20 quite nicely. 1.A.enterpriseB.enterprisingC.enterprisesD.enterprisingly答案:B2.A.offB.outC.backD.away答案:A3.A.formerB.previousC.pastD.late答案:A4.A.hireB.takeC.buyD.occupy答案:C5.A.basesB.basisC.foundationD.terms答案:B6.A.symbolsB.badgesC.designsD.logos答案:D7.A.aboutB.toC.inD.for答案:A8.A.whereB.whenC.while

25、D.who答案:D9.A.armedB.possessedC.concernedD.linked答案:A10.A.immenseB.massiveC.vastD.colossal答案:B11.A.clingB.clutchC.graspD.hold答案:C12.A.lonelyB.solelyC.inclusivelyD.thoroughly答案:B13.A.transplantingB.transformingC.transmittingD.translating答案:B14.A.conventionalB.traditionalC.unconventionalD.uncommon答案:C1

26、5.A.graduateB.graduatingC.graduationD.graduated答案:A16.A.amiableB.adverseC.aggressiveD.hostile答案:D17.A.bypassB.surpassC.passD.overpass答案:A18.A.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.be applying答案:B19.A.downB.toC.inD.with答案:C20.A.awayB.aboutC.inD.off答案:DGrammar and VocabularyChoose one word or phrase that best com

27、pletes each sentence.问题:1. Even if membership talks do begin _ schedule, Turkey will have a rough time in the years ahead.A.atB.onC.withD.to答案:B问题:2. They sent out fraudulent account statements to clients and arranged wire transfers between Mr. Madoffs London and New York offices to create the impre

28、ssion that the firm was earning _ from stock trades.A.transmissionsB.expensesC.commissionsD.reimbursements答案:C问题:3. By the end of the 1990s, there was a widespread _ that Indian economic reform would be locked in under the BJP.A.concordanceB.consensusC.coherenceD.discrepancy答案:B问题:4. This leaves no

29、choice but to strengthen international sanctions and to adopt measures of a(n) _ scale and severity.A.unduplicatedB.uniqueC.unprecedentedD.antecedent答案:C问题:5. But the judge surprised the entire court when he stated, The _ of the marriage contract invalidated it.A.forgerB.plagiaristC.imposterD.pirate

30、答案:A问题:6. Wheat traders are getting more _, even after prices tumbled into a _ market, as demand for US exports strengthened.A.bearish, bullB.bullish, bullC.bullish, bearD.bearish, bear答案:C问题:7. In the end, the world is likely to _ global warming.A.get a grip onB.get a hold ofC.take a hold onD.take

31、a grip of答案:A问题:8. Given the enthusiasm of Africans for phone technology, such programs provide a rare example of _ requiring little in the way of capacity building support to learn how to use the development tool.A.benefactorsB.beneficiariesC.beneficialD.benefits答案:B问题:9. It is proposed that _ a vo

32、te of gratitude for their distinguished service.A.they were givenB.they be givenC.they givenD.they giving答案:B问题:10. They did not want to reconcile themselves to _ the bankers, industrialists, and ministers back to the modest posts of bookkeepers, engineers, postal clerks, and schoolteachers.A.be sen

33、t byB.sendingC.sendD.being sent by答案:DReading ComprehensionIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Every year the Department of Agriculture publish

34、es estimates of family spending on children. This year, as in other years, many journalists duly passed the information on, often with snide asides about the gift that keeps on taking or the escalating price of bundles of joy. A married middle-income two-child family can expect to spend about $235,0

35、00 on housing, medical care, food, clothing, toys and other items over the next 17 years for a child born in 2011. The costs of college are extra. Butas an article in The Wall Street Journal recently notedthe official estimates omit consideration of the value of the time that parents devote to child

36、ren, because that is considered an indirect rather than a direct expenditure. Indirect costs are not insignificant. Time taken out of paid employment to provide family care reduces the lifetime earnings of mothers, in particular, leaving them vulnerable to poverty if they are unmarried or experience

37、 divorce. My research, based on the analysis of the Child Development Survey of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, shows that even a very cautious estimate of what it would take to hire a replacement for family care was higher than direct expenditures on children under 12 for the year 2000. In othe

38、r words, the total costs were more than twice as high as the direct costs. Child care is often a satisfying, meaningful activity, but its not always fun. The psychologist Daniel Kahneman, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science, reports that American women find it slightly less enjoya

39、ble than doing housework and only slightly more enjoyable than paid work. What would happen if parents and grandparents withdrew those services or were unable to provide them? If we were concerned about the welfare of their children, we would need to pay for substitutes. The time and money that fami

40、lies devote to children represent costs not just for them but for society as a whole. On the other hand, this investment in human capital yields benefits in terms of future earnings and future taxes paid. Failure to think clearly about these issues reflects a larger confusion about childrens place i

41、n our economic system. In an earlier era, they were considered one of our most important cropsa contribution to total output. I sometimes illustrate presentations on this topic with the artist Ann Geddess memorable image of babies growing in a cabbage patch. The historian Laura Lovett describes stat

42、e fairs in the 1930s where parents could enter their children to be judged, along with their pumpkin pies and heifer yearlings. Perhaps this helps explain how the Department of Agriculture became involved in estimating their costs. In an economy based on family farms, children began work at an early

43、 age under parental supervision, and their productive activities contributed to family income. They were also more likely to support their parents in old age, in return for inheriting the farm. Today, people are more likely to think of children as pets, a discretionary source of affection and entert

44、ainment, perhaps even a luxury good. (People also tend to think of pets as children.) My favorite illustration of this is a New Yorker cover depicting a couple passing a shop window, the woman looking longingly at babies gamboling like puppies behind the glass. Many environmentalists, worried about

45、the impact of global population growth, see children as a threat rather than a resource. A recent book review in The New Yorker asks, Is procreation immoral? But one doesnt have to favor population growth to recognize the value of parental commitments. Fertility rates in the United States, as in man

46、y developed countries, have fallen below replacement levels. Rather than trying to draw analogies with either livestock or pets, we should conceptualize children as key elements of an economic system that reaches beyond the boundaries of both the market and the state, part of an intergenerational private/public partnership vital to our society. Most of us, whether parents or not, will rely on the next generation to care for us in old age and to pay taxes to repay our public debt. Most of us, whether parents or not, will leave bequests for the next generation, whether in the form of mo