[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟535

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟535专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟535专业八级分类模拟535PART LANGUAGE USAGE Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, making up a large proportion of thos

2、e 1 are living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners 2 on their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle 3 choice. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, since being together suggested warmth and light. But then came 4 along the idea of singles. The

3、y were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much rooms for relationships. Pimpi 5 Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get alone be

4、cause he has too much work. 6 I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fair 7 difficult. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, an author of a recent book called The 8 Single Woman and Prince Charming, thought this very new 9 individualism means t

5、hat people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last longif they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. She says shed never have wanted to do that her mot

6、her didgive up 10 a career to raise a family. Instead, Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life. 1.答案:makingmake解析 动词形式错误。while引导的状语从句缺少谓语，因此making使用错误，应该改为make作从句的谓语。2.答案:第一个areare解析 系动词冗余。此处代词those是介词of的宾语，living alone是分词作定语修饰those，are是多余的。3.答案:onin解析 介词误用。表示“在岁的年龄”时用“in on

7、es+年龄数字+s”。4.答案:sincewhile解析 连词误用。这里主句说“独居被认为是消极的：黑暗而又寒冷”；从句说“和别人同住则意味着温暖和光明”，可见主句与从句之间是对比关系，不是因果关系，因此应该使用while。5.答案:roomsroom解析 名词单复数错误。room当“空间”讲时是不可数名词，如果是可数名词则表示“房间”。这里是说“更加努力地工作使人们没有发展情侣关系的空间了”，因此应该使用不可数名词。6.答案:alonelonely解析 近义词误用。alone是表语形容词，表示“单独的”，而lonely则表示“孤独的，寂寞的”。本句说“35岁独居的作曲家Pimpi Arroy

8、o说因为有太多的事要做，他根本没有时间体会孤独和寂寞。”因此使用lonely。7.答案:fairfairly解析 词性混用。此处修饰的是形容词difficult，因此应该使用fair的副词形式fairly，意为“很，非常”。8.答案:anan解析 冠词冗余。此处author of a recent book.是Kaufmann的同位语，二者是完全对等关系，不需要使用冠词。9.答案:thoughtthinks解析 时态错误。文章通篇用的是一般现在时，且此处主语是单数，因此应该使用thinks，而不是thought。10.答案:thatwhat解析 从句引导词误用。这里do后面的句子是宾语从句，连

9、词既要作wanted to do的宾语，又要作从句中did的宾语，因此使用what。 The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar

10、 and 11 Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins interpretation for why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that 12 assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice could be reexamin

11、ed, and that explanations for the different 13 treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by 14 arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the

12、Handlins 15 contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections for this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately 16 demonstrate that the White servants position was improving during and after the 1660s; some

13、act of the Maryland and Virginia 17 legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins interpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of 18 legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves.

14、 But 19 this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited statusthe two attributes of true slaveryyet in other cases it included both. The Handlins a

15、rgument includes the real 20 possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people. 11.答案:thethe解析 冠词冗余。in fact表示“事实上，实际上”，此处的the是多余的。12.答案:forof解析 介词误用。for表示原因、目的、对象等关系，而of表示从属、描述关系，这句话中why引导的定语从句说明的是interpretation，所以应该使用of表示“对的解释”。13.答案:couldshould或

16、者could解析 虚拟语气错误。该句中suggests表示“建议”，引导的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should可省略，因此把could改成should或者去掉。14.答案:explainsexplain解析 主谓不一致。由上文可知，The Handlins是指Oscar和Mary Handlin夫妻两人，故谓语动词应为复数。15.答案:thatof解析 介词缺失。that指代的是position，文章要表达的意思是“相对于黑人佣人，白人佣人的地位不断上升”，因此后面是物主属格形式。此处从句谓语动词用过去进行时，表示当时的一种状态；relative to表示

17、“相对于”。16.答案:forto解析 介词误用。该句的含义是“对这种观点有几个重要的反对意见。”objection表示“反对”时，与介词to连用。17.答案:actacts解析 名词单复数错误。act作名词表示“法令，法案”时为可数名词，并且句子谓语动词indicate没有使用第三人称单数形式，由此可推断act应是复数形式。18.答案:histheir解析 代词误用。根据文章可知，the Handlins表示汉德林夫妇二人，所以这里的物主代词应该使用their。19.答案:truethat解析 从句引导词缺失。It在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，其中that不可省略。20.

18、答案:includesexcludes解析 语义错误。通篇来看，Handlin夫妇的论点中隐含的意思是：最初黑人和白人都是佣人，地位是同等的，只是后来白人佣人的地位上升，才使得黑人佣人的地位相对下降，变成奴隶，所以他们的观点排除黑人和白人从来都没有被平等对待的可能性，所以应将includes改为excludes。 We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that single sound of articulated sp

19、eech is not, as such, a linguistic element at all. For all that, speech is so inevitably bound up with sounds and its 21 articulation that we can hardly avoid giving the subject of phonetics some general consideration. Experience has shown that neither the purely formal aspects of a language or the

20、course of its history can be 22 fully understood without reference with the sounds in which this form 23 and this history are embodied. The feeling that the average speaker has of his language is that it is built up, acoustically speaking, of a comparatively small number of distinctive sounds, each

21、of which is 24 rather accurately provided for in the current alphabet by one letter or, in few cases, by two or more alternative letters. As for the 25 languages of foreigners, he generally feels that, aside from a few striking differences that cannot escape even the critical ear, the 26 sounds they

22、 use are the same as those he is familiar with but that there is a mysterious accent to these foreign languages, a certainly unanalyzed phonetic character, apart from the sounds as 27 such, that gives them their air of strangeness. This naive feeling is largely illusory on all scores. Phonetic analy

23、sis convinces one that 28 a number of clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences 29 of sounds that are habitually employed by the speakers of a language is greater than they by themselves recognize. 30 21.答案:itstheir解析 代词误用。本句中物主代词指代的是复数名词sounds，因此应用their。此处意为“言语与声音及其发音之间的关系如此紧密，以至于我们不可

24、避免地要对语音学这门学科进行一些思考。”22.答案:ornor解析 连词误用。neither.nor.是固定搭配，意为“既不也不”。本句意思是“经验证明，不管是纯粹针对语言形式的研究，还是对于其历史的研究，都必须参考其发音，因为发音是语言形式及其历史的载体。”neither.nor.和without连用，双重否定表肯定。23.答案:withto解析 介词误用。refer的名词形式reference也应与to搭配，意为“参考”。24.答案:distinctivedistinct解析 形近词误用。distinctive意为“有特色的”，distinct意为“不同的”。此处意为“一般的语言使用者觉得

25、其母语是由相对少数不同的声音组成的。”25.答案:fewa解析 冠词缺失。a few意为“少量，一些”，表达的是肯定意义；few意为“几乎没有”，表否定意义。本句中应该使用a few，in a few cases意为“在少数情况下”。26.答案:criticaluncritical解析 语义错误。critical意为“挑剔的，有批判力的”。通过前面出现的even一词可知，这里表示“即使是无批判力的耳朵也能够辨听出一些明显的区别”，因此应使用uncritical“无批判力的”。27.答案:certainlycertain解析 词性混用。本句中certain意为“某一”，a certain una

26、nalyzed phonetic character意为“某一个未经分析的语音学特点”。28.答案:allboth解析 语义错误。all表示“三者或三者以上都”，both表示“两者都”。score作名词意为“方面，分数”，根据下文提到的clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences of sounds可知，语言使用者在两方面出现了错觉，一是“可明显区分的声音的数量”，另一个是“声音的微小差别的数量”，因此应使用both。29.答案:athe解析 冠词误用。a number of意为“许多”；the number of意为“的数量”

27、。根据后文中出现的greater一词可推断此处应该指“数量”。因此应该把a改为the。本句意为“语音分析使人确信，可被清晰辨别的声音的数量以及语言使用者习惯使用的声音之间细微差别的数量都比他们自己意识到的多很多。”30.答案:byby解析 介词冗余。by themselves意为“独自”，但本句表达的意思是“他们自己所意识到的”。themselves位于they后面作同位语，前面无需加by。PART WRITING问题:1. The following two excerpts are about school uniform, a uniform that is worn by studen

28、ts primarily for a school or otherwise educational institution. From the excerpts, you can find that school uniforms have both supporters and opponents. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the opinions from both sides briefly, and then 2. express your opinio

29、n towards school uniforms, especially whether schools should require their students to wear school uniforms. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article

30、 on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt 1 It is difficult to trace the origins of uniforms as there is no comprehensive written history but rather a variety of known influences. Although uniforms can often be considered conservative and old-fashioned, uniforms in recent years have changed as societal dress c

31、odes have changed. Little is known prior to the nineteenth century about uniforms, but there certainly are influences dating back to the 13th century. In 1222, the Archbishop of Canterbury ordered monks to wear a specific monastic form of dress. Despite this example, the roots of the modern day unif

32、orm come mostly from the collegiate uniforms in England. Universities, primary schools and secondary schools used uniforms as a marker of class and status, which in turn served as a boundary. As early as the sixteenth century, uniforms were utilised and became more specific as various fashion trends

33、 became undesirable to the university. Traditionally favored by private institutions, school uniforms are being adopted by US public schools in increasing numbers. Almost one in five US public schools required students to wear uniforms during the 2011-2012 school year, up from one in eight in 2003-2

34、004. Mandatory uniform policies in public schools are found more commonly in high-poverty areas. Proponents say that school uniforms make schools safer for students, create a level playing field that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than thei

35、r clothes. Excerpt 2 The opposing side of uniforms have claimed their ineffectiveness using a variety of justifications, a variety of Which have research supporting them. Some of the cons to school uniforms include the following concerns: The primary concern with school uniforms or strict dress code

36、s is that it limits the ability of the student to express themselves. Clothing is viewed as a mean of expression. Making all students wear the same clothes or limiting them to what they can wear can disrupt their sense of identity. Another negative aspect of school uniforms is that it may have a det

37、rimental effect on students self-image. When students have to wear the same outfits, rather than being allowed to select clothes that suit their body types, they can suffer embarrassment at school. Child and teen development specialist Robyn Silverman said that students, especially girls, tend to co

38、mpare how each other looks in their uniforms: As a body image expert, I hear from students all the time that they feel it allows for a lot of comparison. So if you have a body thats a plus-size body, a very tall body, a very short body, those girls often feel that they dont look their best. 答案:范文 Sa

39、y Yes to School Uniforms Love it or loathe it, school uniforms are a part of growing up for countless children around the world. And as for supporters of school uniforms, they spot many positive implications, namely making schools safer for students, creating a level playing field that reduces socio

40、economic disparities, etc. Naturally there also exit opponents who have claimed ineffectiveness of school uniforms using a variety of justifications. In my opinion, the advantages of school uniforms outweigh its disadvantages. Therefore, schools, especially elementary and middle schools, should requ

41、ire their students to wear uniforms. Firstly, it is admitted that a safe and disciplined learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. School uniforms are one positive and creative way to achieve this kind of environment. School uniforms help students be aware of their identity of

42、being a student, and thus help to create a strong sense of school ethos and a sense of belonging to a particular community. As such they help to cultivate conformity in student attitudes and drive up academic standards. Secondly, uniforms act as a kind of social leveler, under which all students are

43、 equal in the eyes of the school and of each other. In institutions without uniforms students are often competitive and worry endlessly about their appearance and the clothes they should wear. Pupils without expensive clothes may be singled out as social outcasts, or laughed at as being from poor backgrounds. For