2012届高考英语二轮复习第1部分单项填空专题9动词的时态与语态精品学案新课标

1、专题九动词的时态与语态专题导读动词的时态与语态是历年高考试题中考查最多的，其中主要集中在动词的时态，或语态以及时态语态结合起来考查。此类题目在高考题中时态占的比例非常大，有的省 （市）在一套题目中多达三个时态题。高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词的被动语态的应用。对近几年的时态考查范围多集中在一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时以及过去完成时上。时态题多是以对话的形式或以提示词来提示时态的形式考查，如so far, before等提示词提示时态等。技巧点拨： 死记时态规则是做时态题最失败的。通过对近几年高考试题的分析，我们发现,时态题的考查有丰富的语言环境。在做时态题时要注意以下

2、几点：1. 揣摩说话人所指的时间这是我们在解决大多数高考时态题要遵循的原则。我们知道，高考题几乎没有运用具体时间来体现时态的，时态是通过说话人的暗示来体现。2. 准确判断动作和时间的关系（即动作是在什么时间发生的）。3.重视时态标志有很多题是有时态标志的，只是我们在解题时把这些标志忽略了，如 so far常常 是现在完成时的标志，before常常是过去完成时的标志等，有这些标志做辅助我们解题就 容易多了。真题典例（）1.2011 课标全国卷planning so far ahead no sense so manythings will have changed by next year.a

3、. made b . is makingc . makesd . has made【解析】c句意：过早地计划没有意义一一很多事情明年都要变化。考查时态。首先我们要确定的是：“过早地计划没有意义”是说话人的观点，而不是某时的动作，因此用一般现在时。()2.2011 课标全国卷i wasn t sure if he was really interested or ifhe polite.a . was just being b . will just bec . had just beend . would just be【解析】a 句意：我不能确定他是真地感兴趣还是只是出于礼貌而已。考查时态。

4、参照空格前的时态，本空格用过去时态，此空格不表达“过去的过去”或者“过去的将来” 因此用进行时表达一时性的动作。()3. 2011 课标全国卷when alice came to, she did not know how long shethere.a . had been lying b. has been lyingc . was lyingd. has lain【解析】 a 句意：当艾丽斯醒来的时候，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。考查时态。 显然，躺在那里的动作发生在醒来以前，且动作仍在进行中，因此用过去完成进行时。()4. 2011 北京卷experiments of this ki

5、nd in both the ui. s. and europewell before the second world war.a . have conductedb . have been conductedc . had conducted d . had been conducted【解析】 d 句意：第二次世界大战之前，这种实验就已经在美国和欧洲很好地进行 了。考查动词时态和语态。根据历史知识可知the second world war发生在过去，那么before the second world war就应该是“过去的过去”；另外还应该使用被动语态，故 此处选择d()5. 2011

6、 北京卷 tom in the library every night over the last threemonths.a . worksb. workedc . has been working d . had been working【解析】c 句意：过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态辨析。可知用现在完成进行时，故选择根据时间状语 every night over the last three monthsc项。()6. 2011 北京卷 bob has gone to california.oh, can you tell me when he ?a . has

7、 leftb. leftc . is leavingd. would leaving【解析】b 句意：“鲍勃已经去加利福尼亚了。”“噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的吗？”考查动词时态。根据语境 bob has gone to california ,可知leave ”动作应该发生在 过去，故此处选择 b项。【解析】c句意：“那一定是一次长途旅行。”“是的，到达那儿花费了我们整整一周时间。 考查动词时态。根据第一句话中：must have been ,可知事情发生在过去，所以选择 c项。()7. 2010 北京卷 that must have been a long trip. yeah, it

8、us a whole week to get there.a . takesb. has takenc . tookd . was taking()8. 2010 山东卷 when i got on the bus, i i had left my walletat home.a. was realizingb. realizedc . have realizedd . would realize【解析】b 句意：当我坐上公共汽车时，我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。考查动词时态。根据句意知 when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生，从句用 一般过去时。故 b项正确。()9.

9、2010 山东卷she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the childeverything!.had eaten.have been eatinga . had been eatingc . have eaten【解析】句意：她惊奇地发现冰箱是空的。孩子们把东西吃光了。考查动词时态。由句意可知孩子们“吃光东西”是发生在她“吃惊地发现”之前，而“吃惊地发现”用一般过去时，故“吃光东西”应为“过去的过去，即过去完成时。故选bo()10. 2010 江西卷we arrived at work in the morning and found tha

10、tsomebody into the office during the night.a . brokeb . had brokenc . has brokend . was breaking【解析】b 句意：我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现已经有人在前一天晚上闯进了办公室。考查动词的时态。由句意可知用过去完成时。新题预测()1.as has been reported, more measures to makethe falling economicsrecover as soon as possible.a . have takenb. are takingc . will taked. w

11、ill be taken【解析】d 句意：就像所报道的那样，将会采取更多的措施来尽快恢复下降的经济。主语为more measures ,谓语应该用被动形式。本题易误选a。()2. have you finished reading jane eyre? no, i my homework all day yesterday.a. was doingb . would doc . had doned. do【解析】a 句意：“你读完简爱了吗？”“没有，我昨天一直在做作业。” a表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关白时态

12、，排除 d b为过去将来时不符合题意，c为过去完成时，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。()3.i all my homework by the time you back.a . will have finished; comeb. will finish; comec. will have finished; camed . have finished; will come【解析】 a by the time通常和过去完成时或将来完成时连用，其引导的从句通常使用一般过去时或一般现在时。根据句意可知答案应选ao()4.she never goes home

13、 until she out all her newspapers.a . sellsb. had soldc . will selld. has sold【解析】 d她把所有的报纸都卖出之后才回家。从句动作完成后主句动作才发生。()5.my brother here a week ago.-what these days?a.got;didhe dob.hasgot;has he donec.hadgot;will he dod.got;hashe been doing【解析】 d 答句意为“这些天他都在干什么？”用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续 性。()6.it was until the

14、n that i cameto know that knowledge only from practice.a . has comeb. comesc . camed. had come【解析】 b knowledge comes from practice 是客观真理，故用一般现在时。()7. would you please tell me what the teacher said just now? she said that the earth round the sun.a . travelsb. traveledc . would traveld. was traveling【

15、解析】 a宾语从句的时态通常要与主句的时态保持一致，但表示客观真理时通常用一般现在时。()8.is this the last exam we have to take this term?yes, but there another test three months from now.a. hasb. isc. wasd. will be【解析】d but是并列连词，three months from now是一个将来的时间，所以用将来时。()9.oh, it s you! i to see you here. where these years?a . don t expect; have you goneb . didn t expect; have you beenc. am not expecting; wentd. expected