四级语法讲座7：倒装

1、1 四级英语语法讲座四级英语语法讲座 倒倒 装装 2 i.考点分析考点分析 纵观历届纵观历届cet 4考题，考题，“倒装倒装”是常考的项目。是常考的项目。 倒装的考察要点有：倒装的考察要点有： 1. 以某些副词开头的句子，如：以某些副词开头的句子，如：here, now, then, up, down, out, in, 或由副词或由副词there, then, now 等引起，谓语动词为等引起，谓语动词为come或或go，并且主，并且主 语不是人称代词的句子，应该完全倒装。例：语不是人称代词的句子，应该完全倒装。例： 1) here comes the bus. 2) there goes

2、your last chance. 3) out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 4) up went the rocket carrying the satellite on its top. 3 2. 虚拟结构中的条件从句省去虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，时， were, had 和和should 要移至主语之前。要移至主语之前。 例：例： 1) had i known it, i should have told him. 2) were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his

3、problem. 3) had it not been for the reservoir, we had never have been able to beat the drought. i.考点分析考点分析 4 3. 句首为否定词和带有否定意义的词或短语作状语或宾语时，句首为否定词和带有否定意义的词或短语作状语或宾语时， 常用部分倒装。例：常用部分倒装。例： 1) under no circumstances shall we cancel the party. 2) not a single book had he read that month. 3) by no means was

4、 he able to handle the tough problem. 4) hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 常用于这一结构的词语有：常用于这一结构的词语有：little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, seldom, few, hardly, never, under no circumstances, on no account, in no way, at no point, at no time, in no sense, at no/other time, by no means, h

5、ardly/scarcely when, in vain, much/even/still less, no longer, no sooner than, not a single word, not a soul, not infrequently, not often, not only but (also), not until 等。等。 i.考点分析考点分析 5 4. only位于句子开头，位于句子开头， 如果修饰介词短语或状语如果修饰介词短语或状语 从句，那么句子应倒装。例：从句，那么句子应倒装。例： 1) only by shouting at the top of his vo

6、ice was he able make himself heard. 2) only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 3) only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable standard of living. i.考点分析考点分析 6 5. so / such that结构中的结构中的 so放在句首时，放在句首时， 需要倒需要倒 装。例：装。例： 1) so absur

7、d did he look that everyone stared at him. 2) so proud is the young man that he is reluctant to accept others opinion. 3) such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her. 6. 在在as引导的让步状语从句中形容词、名词或副词常引导的让步状语从句中形容词、名词或副词常 移至从句之首，起强调作用。例：移至从句之首，起强调作用。例： 1) much as he likes her, he does get i

8、rritated with her sometimes. 2) tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him. 3) child as the little girl is, she knows several foreign languages. i.考点分析考点分析 7 四级真题四级真题 倒倒 装装 8 1. she never laughed, _ lose her temper. (90/ 01/ 59) a) or she ever did b) nor did she ever c) or did she ever d) nor sh

9、e ever did b) 题意：她从来不笑，也不发脾气。题意：她从来不笑，也不发脾气。 解析：解析：nor 表示表示“也不也不”， 用倒装语序。用倒装语序。 2. no sooner had we reached the top of the hill _ we all sat down to rest. (91/06/62) a) when b) then c) than d) until c) 题意：我们一到山顶，就都坐下来休息。题意：我们一到山顶，就都坐下来休息。 解析：此处构成解析：此处构成no sooner than， 表示表示 “一一 就就”。no sooner 后通常用过去完成

10、时，且后通常用过去完成时，且 用倒装语序。用倒装语序。 9 3. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. (93/01/61) a) had it not been b) it were not c) werent it d) had not it been a) 题意：要不是因为你懒，否则你早就完成作业了。题意：要不是因为你懒，否则你早就完成作业了。 解析：此句属于虚拟语气条件从句中省略解析：此句属于虚拟语气条件从句中省略if 的情况，的情况， 须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。须将句中谓语动词的部分提

11、前。 4.we dont need air conditioning, _. (94/01/ 57) a) nor can we afford it b) and nor we can afford it c) neither can afford it d) and we can neither afford it a) 题意：我们不需要空调，我们也买不起。题意：我们不需要空调，我们也买不起。 解析：解析：nor 表示表示“也不也不”， 用倒装语序。用倒装语序。 10 5.i could not persuade him to accept it, _ make him see the im

12、portance of it. (95/01/42) a) if only i could not b) no more than i could c) or i could not d) nor could i d) 题意：我不能劝服他接受它，我也不能使他看题意：我不能劝服他接受它，我也不能使他看 到它的重要性。到它的重要性。 解析：解析：nor 表示表示“也不也不”， 用倒装语序。用倒装语序。 6. _ for my illness i would have lent him a helping hand. (95/01/47) a) not being b) had it not bee

13、n c) without being d) not having been b) 题意：要不是因为我生病了，否则我一定帮他忙。题意：要不是因为我生病了，否则我一定帮他忙。 解析：此句属于虚拟语气条件从句中省略解析：此句属于虚拟语气条件从句中省略if 的情的情 况，况， 须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。 11 7. _ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (96/01/26) a) being published b) published c) publishing d) to be p

14、ublished b) 题意：尽管是在这时候出版，他的作品仍引起题意：尽管是在这时候出版，他的作品仍引起 了广泛关注。了广泛关注。 解析：在解析：在as 引导的让步状语从句中，表语状语引导的让步状语从句中，表语状语 须提到须提到as前，而且由于主从句的时态均为一般前，而且由于主从句的时态均为一般 过去时，故只有过去时，故只有b) 正确。正确。 8. the organization had broken no rules, but _ had it acted responsibly. (96/01 /33) a) neither b) so c) either d) both a) 题意：这

15、个组织没有违反什么规则，但它也没题意：这个组织没有违反什么规则，但它也没 有履行其责任。有履行其责任。 解析：解析：neither “两者都不两者都不”，符合题意。，符合题意。 12 9. _ right now, she would get there on sunday. (96/06/42) a) would she leave b) if she leaves c) were she to leave d) if she had left c) 题意：要是她立刻出发，她能于星期日到达。题意：要是她立刻出发，她能于星期日到达。 解析：此处是解析：此处是if 条件状语从句虚拟语的情况，若条

16、件状语从句虚拟语的情况，若if省略，省略， 则必须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。故则必须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。故c正确。正确。 10. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (97/01/34) a) had they arrived b) would they arrive c) were they arriving d) were they to arrive d) 题意：如果他们在我们后天离开之前赶到，我们就隆重题意：如果他们在我们后天离开之前赶到，我们就隆重

17、 地开个晚餐会。地开个晚餐会。 解析：此处是解析：此处是if 条件状语从句虚拟语的情况，若条件状语从句虚拟语的情况，若if省略，省略， 则必须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。则必须将句中谓语动词的部分提前。 13 11. only under special circumstances _ to take make-up tests. (97/06/43) a) are freshmen permitted b) freshmen are permitted c) permitted are freshmen d) are permitted freshmen a) 题意：只有在特殊情况下，才允许新

18、生补考。题意：只有在特殊情况下，才允许新生补考。 解析：句首为解析：句首为only under special circumstances引导引导 的状语，在这种情况下主句必须用部分倒装语序。的状语，在这种情况下主句必须用部分倒装语序。 12. we have been told that under no circumstances _ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. (99/06/60) a) may we use b) we may use c) we could use d) did we use a) 题意：我们被告知在任何情况下都不能用办公室的电话谈题意：我们被告知在任何情况下都不能用办公室的电话谈 私事。私事。 解析：宾语从句的开头为带否定意义的状语词组，所以应解析：宾语从句的开头为带否定意义的状语词组，所以应 采用部分倒装的形式，同时从句的时态与主句保持一采用部分倒装的形式，同时