初中语法动词的分类

1、中阶语法Lessonl动词的分类 1、什么是动词? 2、 r （1）实义动词 （行为动词） -及物动词（vt）后接宾语 -不及物动词（vi.） （2）系动词 （3）助动词 Louise be/become/get/look/seem/t urn/soun d/smell/taste/feel/keep 广 be +do in g/+do ne 动词的分类 （4）情态动词 Have(has/had) +don e/+bee n doing do(does/did) will/ shall/ would/ should may/ might/ can/ could/ must/ should/ w

2、ill/ would 一、动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态 动词）的词。 二、动词的分类 （一）行为动词 Notio nal Verb 行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。 I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住 It has a round face.（它有一张圆脸。）has,有 1 及物动词Tran sitive Verb 后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，例如： Give me some ink, please.（请给我一些墨水。） If you h

3、ave any questi ons, you can raise your han ds.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。） 2、不及物动词Intran sitive Verb 后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词， 相当于一个及物动词。例如： He works hard.（他工作努力。） Jack runs faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。） Please look at the blackboard and liste n to me.（请看黑板，听我说。 ） （二）连系动词Link Verb 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”

4、或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能 单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。 1、 表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is， am， are， was， were， have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如： He is a teacher.（他是个教师。） 2、表示“感觉的词，如look （看起来），feel （觉得，摸起来），smell （闻起来），sou nd （听起来），taste （尝起来）等，例如： She looked tired.（她看一去很疲劳。） Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起来很软。） The s

5、tory sou nds in terest in g.（这个故事听起来很有趣。） The flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。） The mixture tasted horrible.（这药水太难喝了。） 3、表示变、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn,都解释为“变”变得”， 例如： She became a college student.（她成了一名大学生。） The weather gets warmer and the days get l on ger whe n spri ng comes.（春天来了，天气变 得暖和些了

6、，白天也变得较长些了。） He grew old.（他老了。） （三）助动词 Auxiliary Verb 这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、 语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如： He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。） 句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not 起构成否定形式。 A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。） 句中的is是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。 （四）情态动词Modal Verb 这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示

7、说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可 能、“应当等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等。它们不能单独 作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思 ，例如： I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can,能,会 He can walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）cant,不必 May I come in ?（我可以进来吗？） may,可以 （1）can, could禾口 be able to 1、表示能力，例如： I can speak a little Japa nes

8、e. Be able to 代替 can,也可以表示能力。但 can只有一般现在时和一般过夫时（could）,而 be able to贝V有更多的时态形式， 例如： You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week. 2、 表示允许：准许，这时 can 与 may 可以互换，例如： Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow? 3、 表示客观可能性:用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的 怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如： He cannot/can t be there. 4、coul

9、d 除表示 can 的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 can, 表示非常委婉的请求。这时 could和can没有时间上的差别。 例如： Could/Ca n you show me the way to the n earest hospital? （2）may 和 might 1、表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与can替换。例如： May （can） I use your dicti on ary for a mome nt?（我可以借你的字典用一下吗？） 2、表示说话人的 猜测，认为某事“可能”发生； 例如： Where s John? He may be at the library.（约翰

10、在哪儿？他可能在图书馆。） 以上例子中的 may be是情态动词 may加be,与maybe完全不同。后者是副词，解释为 “或许”。例如： He may be at home.（他可能在家。） Maybe he was at home.（或许他在家。） 3、might除表示 may 的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 may,表示非常委婉的请示或实现 的可能性较小。这时 might禾口 may 没有时间上的差异。 例如：Might （May） I speak to you for a few min utes?（我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗？） 4、用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能”、“使可以”，例如

11、： Open your mouth wide, so that I may see clearly what s wrong with your teeth.（把嘴张大 些，以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。） He wrote dow n my address so that he might remember it well.（他把我的住址写了下来， 以便能记牢。） 5、在用 may 提问时，否定回答常用 must n 或 may not表示不行”、“不可以”。 例如：May I go now? No, you mustn t.（我可以走了吗？不，不可以。 ） （3）must 1、must

12、表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过 去式同形。例如： I must go to school today.（今天我必须上学去。 ） He told me I mustn leave until my mother came.（他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离 开。） 2、must表示推测，“一定是、“准是亠例如： They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.（他们一定是非常疲劳了，让他们休息一会儿 吧。） Jack doesntlook well. He must be ill.（杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是

13、病了。） 难点解释 1、have to 表示“必须、不得不，它不仅能代替 must,用于现在时和过去时以外的其 他时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要。例如： If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.（如果我们末班车，我们将不得不走回 家。） 2、在回答must的疑问句时，否定回答常用neednt表示不必，例如： Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗？） Yes, you must.（是的。） No, you neednt.（不，不必了

14、。） （4）need 禾口 dare need （需要）禾口 dare （敢于）既可作情态动词：又可作行为动词。 1、need禾口 dare 作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句。need 无形态变化，dare 的过 去式是 dared。例如： It warm today. You n eed n put on your coat.（今天天气很暖和，你不必穿上大衣。） She dare n ot go out alo ne at night.（她晚上不敢一个人出去。） 2、need禾口 dare 作及物动词时，后常跟动词不定式。它们有人称、数和时态等形态变化。 在构成否定和疑问形式时与其他及物动

15、词一样，要用助动词 do, does 或 did 等。例如： He did n tn eed to go to school today.（今天你不必上学。 ） They needed an excuse and soon found one.（他们需要借口，不久便找至U了一个。） （5）ought to 和 should ought to 和 should 作情态动词用，都是 应该”、应当” 的意思。 ought to语气较强,指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事，或按观念和道理也应对某事负 责。Should 指主观上认为有责任和义务去做，但语意不女口 ought to 强。例如： You oug

16、ht to respect your teachers.（你们应该尊敬你们的老师。） We should be careful of others feelings.（我们应该尊重别人的感情。） （一）实义动词： I. His grandmother_ _in 1985 . She has beenfor ten years . A. died, died B. dead , deadC. dying,death D . died , dead 2 .一 How longyouthe bicycle?About two weeks . A. have, had B. have, boughtC

17、. did buy D. have, get 3. Because of 2008 Beijing Olympics , all of Chinese trying to make great contributions to our environment . A. protectB. protected C. protects D. protecting 4 . Thousa nds of people took our part inthe un developed land A . ope ning out B . ope ning up C . ope n up D. ope n w

18、ith 5. Your spoken English is much better .Thank you . My teacher often asks usEnglish . A . to speak many B . not to speak much C. to speak much D . not to speak more 6 . Mr. Zhang often teaches his Japanese friendsChinese food . A . cook B . cooks C. cooked D . to cook 7. The supermarket is far fr

19、om Mary s house. So sheonly once a week. A. goes shopp ingB. has bee n thereC. has gone there 8. Herethe bus! A. comeB. comesC. coming 9. Mary is ofte n at home on weeke nds andtime with her gran dpare nts. A. spendB. takesC. spends 10. My father told me that the earthround whe n I was a child. A. i

20、s B. was C. be II. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher. A. come true B. will come true C. came true 12 -L inda had nothing for breakfast this morning,? -No, she got up too late. A. did she B. hadn t she C. didn t she 13. Ito the park whe n I was a child. A. ofte n go B. used to go C

21、. am used to going 14. If Ithree heads and six han ds, I would carry the huge rock by myself. A. have B. will haveC. had 15. I was watch ing TV whe n a stra nge maninto my house. A. was coming B. came C. is coming 16-Whe nyouher the good n ews? -As soon as she comes back. A. do, tell B. did, bring C

22、. will, tell 17 .Mike alwaysmy books and doesn t return them. What should I do? A. keeps B. le nds C. borrows 18. - Oh, look! It s Jack s math book, isnhas amatt?test today? -D on t worry, mum. I willit to him. A. bring B. take C. borrow 19.1 asked my brother tohis room. It s real mess. A. put up B.

23、 stay up C. clea n up 2O.-My shoes are worn out. - A. Cant they be me nded? C. How much do they cost? B. Let me have a look at it. D. Cant they me nded? （二）连系动词: 1. My brothera teacher. Hehis pupils very much. A. is, likeB. is, likes 2. A: How many daysthere in a week? A. is, isB. are, are 3. Itired

24、 last night. A. becameB. felt C. are, likes B: Thereseve n. C. is, are C. looked D. are, like D. are, is D. am 4. Her face A. got pale （苍白）when she heard the bad news. B. is C. turned 5. You pale. Whats wrong with you? A. turn B. seem C. look 6. The boy ill today. A. are B. is C. be 7. Which bigger,

25、 the sun or the moon? A. are B. is C. be 8. Neither she nor Ia doctor. A. am not B. am C. are 9. Ia worker next year. A. am B. will be C. be 10. Her voicelike my mothers. A. sounds B.sound C. looks D. was D. become D. am D. x D. is D. will D. Look （三）助动词： 1.lf it is fine tomorrow, wea football match

26、. A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has 2. Whe n he was at school, heearly and take a walk before breakfast. A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise 3.ln the past 30 years China great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist con struct ion. A. has made B. have made C. ha

27、d made D. hav ing made 4.Igo to bed un til Ifini shed my work. A. don t/had B. didn t/havC. didn t/had D. don t/have 5. Helive in the country tha n in the city. A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather 6. He said that he dropped his bag whe n hefor the bus. A. was running B. was running

28、C. were running D. is running 7.If they, our plan will fall flat. A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won t co-operateD. don t co-operate 8. you give me a room for the night? II I asked on arriving at the hotel. A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May 9. There are nine of them, soget into the car

29、 at the same time. A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can t all D. all they can t 10. We didn tsee him at the lecture yesterday. II Heit. I A. mustn tattend B . can not have attended C. would have not attended D. needn t have attended （四）情态动词： I. 1you, because I thought I must be wro

30、ng. A. dare not ask B. dare not to askC. dare not ask ingD. dare to not ask 2. Theresome flowers in the garde n. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be havi ng 3. I take it out? Im sorry, you. A. Could .could ntB. Might.might not C. Could.ca n D. May.ca nt 4. You were stupid to

31、 climb the tree. Youhurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D. might have 5. Youthose letters. Why did nt you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 6. All the lights are on, the Smithsup. A. must getB. is gett ingC. must be gett ingD. would get 7. Helead a horse

32、 to the water but henot make it drink. A. will.ca nB. may.ca nC. may.dares D. dare.ca n 8. Need we do this job no w? Yes,. A. you n eed B. you shouldC. you mustD. you can 9. to have lunch with us today? A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you likes D. Have you liked 10. He said that youwatch T

33、V all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might II. -Is Joh n coming by train?-He should, but henot. He likes driv ing his car. A. must B. can C. n eed D. may 12. Petercome with us toni ght, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will 13. Michaelbe a policema n, for hes

34、much too short. A. need nt B. cant C. should nt D. wont 14. I thought yoube hun gry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could 15. I won der how hethat to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare say ing C. not dare say D. dared say 16. Come on! Wehurry because there isnt much time