2021届高考英语二轮创新复习专题一阅读理解第三节主旨大意题课件202103051188

1、专题一阅读理解 第三节主旨大意题 常见设问形式 1标题类常见的题干：The best title/headline for this passage might be _What is the best title for the passage？ Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2大意类常见的题干：This passage chiefly deals with _Whats the topic of the article？What is the subject discussed in

2、 the text？What is the main idea of the.paragraph/the passage? 正确选项特征 1涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。 3精确性强，不会改变语言表达的程度及色彩。 干扰选项特征 1.过于笼统， 不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述 内容 2.以偏概全， 主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文 章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内 容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观 点 3.移花接木， 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放 在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 4.

3、无中生有， 生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中提到了，但经过 仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内 容毫无联系 题型1段落大意题 (2019高考全国卷D片段) Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables playswellwithothers

4、qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jumpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 33What is the second paragraph mainly about?

5、 AThe classification of the popular. BThe characteristics of adolescents. CThe importance of interpersonal skills. DThe causes of dishonorable behavior. 思维可视化 技巧点拨 方法1：概括段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该 段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体 论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题 句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的 中间；如果对比各事物，

6、那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大 意。 方法2：揣摩段落大意 有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示 给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大 意。 题型2文章大意题 (2020高考全国卷B) Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on m

7、athematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income， education and t

8、he amount of parent talk，Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played w

9、ith puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋 转)and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at o

10、ne time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more activ

11、e during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 27What is the text mainly about? AA mathematical method. BA scientific study. CA woman psychologist. DA teaching program. 思维可视化 技巧点拨 3个做法4个窍门，快速确定文章大意 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具 体段落的中心思想

12、又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文 章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心思想的基础上的。 具体做法是： 1找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾 句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 2文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要分 步提炼，然后再进一步加工概括。 3观察全文的结构安排，区别文章的“核心”和“支撑性细 节”。核心是概括性的、理论性的；支撑性细节是碎片化的、事 例性的。事例是为理论性的“核心”服务的，“核心”即是文章 的主题。 用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句 和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主

13、题句。 以下是找主题句的 1段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact， actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3作者有意识重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语， 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short， conclude，conclusion等。 题型3标题归纳题 (2020高考全国卷 D) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scie

14、ntific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example， discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers

15、 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant th

16、at can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments usi

17、ng some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light， about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start.The technology，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into selfpowered street l

18、amps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电 源)such as the distance from a power