现在完成时讲解

1、现在完成时讲解一.基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词（done）二 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语：yes,主语+ have/has.（肯定） no,主语 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三用法（ 1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果i have spent all of my money （so far）.（ 含义是:现在我没有钱花了.）guo zijun has （just/already） come. （ 含义：郭子君现在在这儿 ）my father h

2、as gone to work.（ 含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿） （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for （ + 时间段）,since（ + 时间点或过去时的句子）连用 .for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来） since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）it has+时段+since+从句（过去时）mary has been ill for three days.i have lived here since 1998.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, h

3、as been （in） 的区别have/has gone（to） : 去了 （现在不在说话现场）where is your father ？ he has gone to shanghai.have/has been （to） : 去过（已不在去过的地方）my father has been to shanghai.have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）my father has been in shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 用以

4、下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志he has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。he has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。he hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志this is the best film i have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。he has never been to beijing. 他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志he says he has been to t

5、he usa three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以 so far （到目前为止）为标+beforehe has got to beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。she has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续 ”的特性和 “时间 ”点段的区分入手 ,进一步学习现在完成时。*for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week,

6、three years ago等；2）不能与when连用3）.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六.瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come, go ,leave, join）不能直接与for/ since连用。要改变动词buyhaveborrow keep come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out leave be awaybeginbe on finishbe over openbe open close be closeddiebe dead 1.have 代替 buy my brother has had（不能用 has

7、bought） this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow i have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become how long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5 、用wear 代替 put on i have wor

8、n the skirt for two days .b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、 be+married 代 marry 2、 be+ ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、 be+dead代 die4、 be+asleep代 fall (get) asleep5、be+awake 代 wake/wake up6、be+ gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open 代 open8、 be closed 代 close/shut9、 be missing(gone,lost) 代 losec)用“be副词”代终止性动词1 be- on”代 start,

9、 begin 2 be+ up”代 get up 3 be back(to) 代 return to, come back to, go back to4 be here (there)r come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at 地点+”代替 go to /come to2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “be in/at 地点+”代替 move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：2. have arriv

10、ed at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.fhave been in sw./at 相应的介词3. have come/gone back/returnedf have been back4. have come/gone out vebean out5. have become f have been6. have closed / opened f have been close/open7. have got up f have been up8. have died f have been dead9. have lef

11、t sw. f have been away from sw.10. have fallen asleep/got to sleepf have been asleep11. have finished/ended/completed f have be en over12. have married f have been married13. have started/begun to do sth.f hay e done sth.14. have begun f have been on15. have borrowed/bought f have kept/had16. have l

12、ost f haven t had17. have put on-e worn18. have caught /get a coldf have had a cold19. have got to knowf have known20. have/has gone tof have been in21. have joined/have taken part in the league/the party/the armys member/the league member/the soldier3.you won the game.fhave been a member of/ have b

13、een in/have been the party现在完成时练习(一)a) 选用 have, has 填空 :1.1 told him the news. 2.she come back from school.b) 按要求改写下列各句 :4. they have bought a computer.（改成否定句 ）5. he has lost his book. （先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答 ）c） 单项选择6. -where have you _, kate? -ive _ to the bank. a. gone, gone b. been, been c. gone, be

14、en d. been, gone7. her grandfather for two years. a. died b. has died c. has been dead d. has been died8. its six weeks i met you last.a. when b. since c. before d. for9. tom and jack have arrived at west hill farm already. a. have got b. have gone to c. have been to d. have reached 现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选

15、择。1、 both his parents look sad . maybe they whats happened to him . （呼和浩特）a. knew b . have known c . must know d .will know 2、he has been to shanghai , has he ? a . already b .never c .ever d . still3、have you met mr li ? a . just b . ago c .before d . a moment ago4、 the famous writer one new book i

16、n the past two years . a . is writing b .was writing c .wrote d .has written5、 our country a lot so far . yes . i hope it will be even .a. has changed ; well b . changed ; good c . has changed ; better d . changed ; better6 、 zhao lan already in this school for two years .a. was ; studying b . will

17、; study c . has ; studied d . are ; studying7、we xiao li since she was a little girl . a . know b . had known c . have known d . knew8、harry potter is a very nice film .i it twice . a . will see b . have seen c . saw d .see9、 these farmers have been to the united states . really ? when there ?a. wil

18、l they go b . did they go c . do they go d . have they gone10、 you _ your homework yet ? yes . i it a moment ago .a. did ; do ; finished b . have ; done ; finished c . have ; done ; have finished d . will ; do ; finish11、 his father the party since 1978 . a . joined b . has joined c . was in d . has

19、 been in12、 do you know him well ? sure .we friends since ten years ago .a. were b . have been c . have become d. have made13、how long have you here ?about two months . a . been b . gone c . come d . arrived14、 hurry up! the play for ten minutes .a. has begun b . had begun c . has been on d . began1

20、5、 it ten years since he left the army . a. is b . has c . will d . was16、 miss green isnt in the office . she to the library . a .has gone b . went c .will go d . has been17、 my parents shandong for ten years . a. have been in b . have been to c . have gone to d . have been18、 the students have cle

21、aned the classroom, ? a. so they b. don t they c. have they d. haven t they19、 has mr white been a member of greener china since he to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c. how long, came d. how far, arrived20、 his unclefor more than 9 years.a. has come here b. has started to work c. has liv

22、ed there d. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、 he has never played the guitar , ? （改成反意疑问句）2、 they have been here since 2000. （对划线部分提问） they been here?3、 the old man last year. he for a year. （die） （动词填空）4、 this factory opened twenty years ago.（ 同义句转换 ） this factory for twenty years.5、 miss gao left

23、an hour ago. （ 同义句转换） miss gao since an hour ago.6、 her mother has been a party member for three years . （同义句） her mother the party three years .7、 the green family moved to france two years ago. （ 同义句转换 ） two years the green family moved to france.8、 the bus has arrived here. it arrived ten minutes

24、 ago. （ 把两个句子合并成一个句子）the bus here since ten minutes ago.9、 have you ever （ read ） little women yet ?10.i ve just （ drink ） some tea .11. she has already （ see ） the film .1.1 i （ not tell ） them yet .13 .he has （ be ） to the space museum .14 .how long has his son ( own ) the train and railway set ?1

25、5 .he ( never be ) to the water park before .16 .i ( be ) back twice since moving to china .17.my sister ( ride ) a bike since she was ten years old .18.i ( keep ) this book for two weeks .七过去分词1 、规则动词 ：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed 。”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-vis

26、ited(2)、以“ e结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d。”live-lived-lived ,(3)、以 “辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将y 变为 i ，再加 “ ed 。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed 。 ”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词：aaa 型过去分词lethitshut原型过去式过去分词burstburstburstcostcostcostputputputsp

27、read spread spread原型 过去式hurthurtcutcutsetsetread /ri:d/read过去分词原型hurtletcuthitsetshut/red/ read /red/过去式lethitshutaab 型 ( 原型过去分词)过去式beataba 型 ( 原型beatbeatenbeen过去式过去分词 ) am / is was been ; are werebecome became becomeabb 型 ( 原型run ran runcomecamecome过去式过去分词 )bringbrought brought;buycatchcaughtcaught;digfindfoundfound;hearlaylaidlaid ;leadloselostlost ;makesaysaidsaid sellshoot shotshot ;sitspell speltspelt ;spendteach taught taught ; tellunderstandunderstoodunderstoodbought bought ;build built builtdugdug;feelfeltfelt;heard heard ;hold heldheld ;ledled;leaveleftleft ;made