3059.从英汉动物习语的对比看文化差异

1、 学科分类号 本科学生毕业论文（设计）题目（中文）： 从英汉动物习语的对比看文化差异 （英文）: on the cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms 姓 名 xxxxx 学 号 xxxxx 院 （系） 外国语言文学系 专业、年级 英语专业 指导教师 2009 年 5月08 日 on the cultural differences between englishand chinese from animal idioms xxxxx本科毕业论文（设计）诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文（设

2、计），是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 本科毕业论文（设计）作者签名： 二 九 年 五 月 xxxxx本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告书论文（设计）题目从英汉动物习语的对比看文化差异 on the cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms 作 者 姓 名xxxxx所属系、专

3、业、年级 外语系 英语专业 05年级指导教师姓名,职称xxxxx 副教授预计字数5000开题日期9月28日选题的根据：1）说明本选题的理论、实际意义2）综述国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解语言是人类社会最重要的工具。习语作为一种广为流传并具有含义的固定词组和短句，是构成语言的不可分割的重要组成部分。由于英汉两个民族有着不同的历史文化传统和社会心理背景，有些动物习语里的动物虽有相同的理性意义，但其涵义却不同；有些概念虽然类似，但不同的民族却用不同的动物习语来描述。strassler 对习语的功能进行研究，为以后使用习语的理论研究奠定基础。我国语言学家邓炎昌教授（2003），就动物习语在英汉

4、语言文化进行对比，为习语的研究做出很大贡献。本论文就英汉动物习语进行研究与探讨，能让我们掌握更丰富的语言文化知识，深入了解英汉的文化传统和风俗习惯的统一性和差异性，才能真正的学好英语并成功的进行跨文化交际。主要内容：引言 习语在任何语言中都是精华，它的形成与历史文化和地理环境等密切相关。英汉动物习语的研究可丰富语言文化知识，加深了解中西文化差异，减少跨文化交际中的语用错误。 1 动物习语的概说 11 动物习语的概念及特征 12 动物习语与文化的联系 13 动物习语的具体形式 1. 3. 1 相同的概念，相同的意义 1. 3. 2 相同的概念，不同的意义 1. 3. 3 不同的概念，相同的意义2

5、 英汉动物习语的文化差异 2. 1 狗 2. 2 龙 2. 3 蝙蝠 2. 4 孔雀 3 造成英汉动物习语意义不同的原因 31 社会习俗的差异 32 生活环境的差异结语 本论文是对部分英汉动物习语的异同的初步归纳和研究,由于社会背景和历史文化传统的差异而导致英汉不同的动物习语的表达意义.文化观念的研究随形势的发展而层出不穷，动物习语的语言特色及修辞都很有研究价值。研究方法： 对比、理论分析、举例论证、归纳总结完成期限和采取的主要措施：完成期限：（1）2008年6月8月 确定论文写作方向并查阅相关文献资料（2）2008年9月初 确定论文题目，做好毕业论文任务书（3）2008年9月底 对开题报告进

6、行指导，要求完成开题报告（4）2008年10月2009年1月 根据开题报告的研究内容收集资料，查阅文献并完成毕业论文初稿（5）2009年2月3月 在论文指导老师指导下进行修改，最终定稿（6）2009年4月1日6月 论文答辩，最后修改，上交打印稿及电子版主要措施： （1）在图书馆查阅，借阅各种书籍，学术期刊。（2）在网上搜索有用信息，然后经过自己的综合整理，展开论述。接受指导老师的指导和建议，与进行讨论。主要参考资料：chang chenguang. english idioms and interpersonal meaningsm. guangzhou:sun yat-sen univers

7、ity press, 2004dai weidonghe zhaoxiong. a new concise course on linguistics for students of englism. shanghai:shanghai foreign language education press, 2007yu fuminguoshankian. a comparative study of english and chinese idiomm. 上海:上海交通大学出版社, 1999zhang xueying. a complete dictionary of chinese idiom

8、 with english translationsm. 武汉:湖北教育出版社,1997 包惠南. 文化语境与语言翻译m. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001邓炎昌, 刘润清. 语言与文化m. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2003胡文仲. 英语习语与英美文化m. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999蒋磊. 英汉习语的文化观照与对比m. 武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000刘月琴. 从“狗”一词看中西方文化差异j. 甘肃广播电视大学学报,2005(04):24-26指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 教研室意见：签 名： 年 月 日开 题 报 告 会 纪 要时间 2008年9月28日地点第二教学楼30

9、1与会人员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）罗小英副教授 郑银芳副教授李丽平讲师盘群讲师会议记录摘要：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日指导小组意见负责人签名： 年 月 日系部 意 见负责人签名：年月日注：此表由学生本人填写，一式三份，一份留系里存档，指导老师和本人各保存一份二、xxxxx本科毕业论文（设计）评审表论文题目从英汉动物习语的对比看文化差异on the cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms 作者姓名xxxxx所属系、专业、年级 外国语言文学系 英语专业 2005年级

10、指导教师姓名、职称xxxxx 副教授字 数5000定稿日期2009年4月28日中文摘要习语在任何语言中都是精华。它是在不同的历史，地理环境和文化背景下形成的；承载着一定的民族文化特色和文化信息。英汉两种语言历史悠久，包含着大量的动物习语，由于历史，社会生活等方面因素的影响，英汉动物习语体现了中西文化的相同和差异。国内外多数学者已对习语做了研究。我国邓炎昌教授对动物习语体现的英汉语言文化进行对比分析，其为对动物习语日后的研究打下基础。本论文从一些动物习语入手，通过比较其在中西文化中所具有的不同文化内涵，向读者展示中西文化的差异，以便人们更好地理解动物习语，在跨文化交际中恰当运用。 关键词（3-5

11、个）动物习语；文化差异；原因英文摘要idiom is the cream of any language. the formation of idiom is achieved under different history, geographical environment and cultural background, which is a symbol of one nationals unique culture and culture information. english and chinese languages both have a long history, and t

12、hey contain many animal idioms. because of the history, social life and some other influences, english and chinese animal idioms reflect the similarities and differences between chinese and western cultures.many scholars and linguists at home and abroad have done researches about idioms. professor d

13、eng yanchang (2003) made a contrastive study of english and chinese language cultures from animal idioms. the research of animal idioms laid a foundation researches on idioms later on. this thesis starts its discussion from animal idioms to show the differences between chinese and western culture by

14、 contrasting the different connotation in different areas. to get people to know the function that animal idioms are used in multi-cultural communication, can make people use it proficiently.关键词（3-5个）animal idiom, cultural difference, reason指导教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分指导教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科

15、、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实

16、验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成绩等级 指导教师评审意见： 指导教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为

17、中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。评阅教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分评阅教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整

18、理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成

19、绩等级 评阅教师评审意见： 评阅教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。三、xxxxx本科毕业论文（设计）答辩记录表论文题目从英汉动物习语的对比看文化差异on the cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms 作者姓名xxxxx所属系、专业、年级外国语言文学 系 英语专业 2005年级指导教师姓名、职称xxxxx 副教授 答 辩 会 纪 要时间2009年5月8日

20、地点二教 301教室答辩小组成员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称） 郑银芳教授罗小英副教授李丽平讲师盘群讲师答辩中提出的主要问题及回答的简要情况记录：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日答辩小组意见评语：评定等级： 负责人（签名）： 年 月 日系学位委员会意见评语：论文（设计）最终评定等级：负责人（签名）： 系部（公章） 年月 日校学位委员会意见评语：评定等级： 负责人（签名）： 年月 日contents摘要.abstract. introduction. .11 a brief review of animal idioms.4 1.1 definition and fea

21、tures of animal idioms.4 1.2 relationship between culture and animal idioms.6 1.3 embodiments of animal idioms.72 cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms.13 2.1 dog and gou.13 2.2 dragon and long.14 2.3 bat and bianfu.16 2.4 peacock and kongque.173 reasons for the differe

22、nces between english and chinese animal idioms.19 3.1 different social conventions.19 3.2 different living environments21conclusion.23bibliography.25acknowledgements摘要习语在任何语言中都是精华。它是在不同的历史，地理环境和文化背景下形成的；承载着一定的民族文化特色和文化信息。英汉两种语言历史悠久，包含着大量的动物习语，由于历史，社会生活等方面因素的影响，英汉动物习语体现了中西文化的相同和差异。国内外多数学者已对习语做了研究。我国邓

23、炎昌教授对动物习语体现的英汉语言文化进行对比分析，其为对动物习语日后的研究打下基础。本论文从一些动物习语入手，通过比较其在中西文化中所具有的不同文化内涵，向读者展示中西文化的差异，以便人们更好地理解动物习语，在跨文化交际中恰当运用。 关键词：动物习语；文化差异；原因abstract idiom is the cream of any language. the formation of idiom is achieved under different history, geographical environment and cultural background, which is a s

24、ymbol of one nationals unique culture and culture information. english and chinese languages both have a long history, and they contain many animal idioms. because of the history, social life and some other influences, english and chinese animal idioms reflect the similarities and differences betwee

25、n chinese and western cultures.many scholars and linguists at home and abroad have done researches about idioms. professor deng yanchang (2003) made a contrastive study of english and chinese language cultures from the animal idioms. the research of animal idioms laid a foundation for the researches

26、 on idioms later on. this thesis starts its discussion from animal idioms to show the differences between chinese and western culture by contrasting the different connotation in different areas. to get people to know the function that animal idioms are used in multi-cultural communication, can make

27、people use it proficiently.key words: animal idiom, different culture, reason introductionnowadays, with the economic globalization and the regional economic integration strengthening, the cultural exchanges between china and the west have become more and more important. transmission and application

28、 in english is used widely, so understanding the differences between chinese and western culture is imperative. however, the social development is reflected in the language.without idioms, our language would become dull and dry, whereas an appropriate use of them in our speech and writing will add t

29、o the strength and vividness of our language. and the idiom can better reflect the cultural characteristics and connotation. idioms are fixed and unique expression, which are formed in the process of using a language. idioms are the sediment of the history and culture, the essences of culture derive

30、d from the process of recognizing and transforming the nature, the substantial corpus of information, and a vivid reflection of national culture. both english and chinese languages have a long history, and they contain many idioms which are implicitly, humorous, serious, elegant, concise and vivid i

31、mage. these idioms are closely linked with the cultural traditions, which reflect the cultural characteristics and cultural information of the nation. therefore, the idioms of english and chinese, especially the animal idioms, reflect sharp differences of national culture. deeply understanding anima

32、l idioms makes cross-cultural communication go smoothly. animal idioms have been emphasized and studied at home and abroad. at home, yu fumin (1996) made strenuous and successful efforts in comparing english and chinese idioms to illustrate the authors pertinent points. chen dezhang (1999) had a res

33、earch of cultural connotation of animal words in english and chinese and find out what images people have over 30 common animals. jiang lei (2000) analysed animal idioms and made a survey of contrastive studies of english and chinese idioms, which show the nations long history and cultural character

34、. there are also overseas linguists who have done researches of idioms. strassler (2004) made a pragmatic analysis on english idioms and created a pragmatic model for english idioms and to provide a basis for a theory of idioms as a phenomenon of natural language. (chang chenguang, 2004:36) a contra

35、stive method will be taken to analyze the difference of animal idioms between english and chinese to help people have a good understanding of the different cultures. it contains five parts. introduction, the first part, states the significance, method, framework and modern researches of the thesis.

36、the second part of this thesis is a brief review of animal idioms such as definition, features, the relationship between culture and animal idioms. cultural differences between english and chinese from animal idioms are illustrated in the third part. the fourth part of this thesis lists the reasons

37、for the differences between english and chinese animal idioms. the last part is a summary of the whole paper.1a brief review of animal idioms1.1 definition and features of animal idiomsanimal idiom, just as its name implies, is one type of idioms which are combined by animal words, therefore it is e

38、ssential to define idiom first of all.idiom is a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual and which must be learnt as a whole unit, in oxford advanced learners english-chinese dictionary. idioms are fixed phrases or short sentences derived from a long-term use

39、 of language. it contains a wealth of cultural information, cultural characteristics and cultural background. it has a distinctive image and metaphor, showing the distinctive national characteristics and geographical color. (包惠南,2001:148) the fixed phrases or sentences in english and chinese are cal

40、led “idiom”, and can also be interpreted as “set phrase”. idioms, fixed in their structure, have been used for expressing the full meaning for a long time. such phrases or short sentences are gradually formed in the development of the language, so they can not be opened or re-combined. (蒋磊,2000:49)l

41、ast but not least, idiom means an accepted phrase, construction, or expression contrary to the usual patterns of the language or having a meaning different from the language or having a meaning different from the literal, written in websters new world dictionary of the american language.the chinese

42、equivalent for “idiom” is 熟语(sh y). it means a kind of set phrase or sentence, which, like a stock expression, is often quoted by the common people. (郁福敏,郭珊琏,1999:8) english idioms, in a broad sense, include idiomatic phrases, proverbial sayings and a number of slang expressions. whereas chinese idi

43、oms can be roughly divided into: set phrases(成语), common sayings(俗语), proverbs(谚语), a two -part allegorical sayings(歇后语), and some vulgar expressions(粗俗语).as a particular linguistic unit, idiom shows its own specific characteristics. firstly, idioms are usually forceful, concise, vivid and comprehen

44、sive, and some idioms such as animal idioms, often contain images and figures of speech, so they have acquired a figurative meaning. they convey more meanings as a whole than the few words could carry separately. secondly, many idioms do not follow any standard rules, for they often violate conventi

45、onal grammatical rules, and sometimes are wrong in logic. they seem arbitrary and it can not be explained how or why a particular idiomatic phrase has assumes its present form. they are the brief statement of english and chinese idioms. knowing the definitions and features of idioms will help people

46、 understand their cultures better. 1.2 relationship between culture and animal idiomsanimals are friends of human beings. languages of all nations contain a lot of words denoting animals, and so do chinese and english. with the development and progress of human society, many animals were tamed to be

47、come domestic ones serving people, and many others have become peoples pets. so, animals have become part of peoples life. as science develops, people learn more and more about animals. zoological gardens are now necessary scenes in many major cities all over the world. hundreds of thousands of book

48、s on animal have been published. every tv station broadcasts special programs about animal in certain channels. in all this process, animal words gradually got their established connotations in all languages, that is, people associate their feelings and emotions, even happenings and natural phenomen

49、a with various animals which are thought to represent different characters like people, or serve as omens. many animals have become a kind of symbolism in peoples thinking and this symbolism is reflected in the language. however, because of different history and culture, the connotations of animal i

50、dioms in one language do not necessarily coincide with those in another. so, the idioms of animal best are reflected the culture. (胡文仲,1999:236)1.3 embodiments of animal idiomsthere are so many kinds of animals in the nature, and they each have their own nature and living habits. animals are the ind

51、ispensable part of humans daily life, whether it is the rural labor, oxen and horses, or domestic pet in the town, they all closely linked with the peoples life. at long-term contacts with animals, people have a deep-rooted knowledge of the animals nature. there have many english and chinese idioms which derived from the animals nature and habits. language, as an important part of the social cultural, can not avoid the influence of the society. it is often hard to understand or use ani