专业英语阅读练习总结

1、l 练习1l there has been an ever greater interest in this subject.（人们对该课题的兴趣越来越浓）l the power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great a rise in temperature.（功率额定值是电阻器能够安全消耗而不引起温度升高太多的最大功率）l its primary disadvantage is an increase in noise.（它主要的缺点是噪声的增加）l the succe

2、ssful design of the equipment requires a detailed knowledge of the performance specifications.（成功设计此设备需要详细地了解性能指标）l in the bohr model of the hydrogen atom, a single electron revolves around a single proton in a circle of radius r.（在氢原子的玻尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子做半径为r的圆周运动）l the unit of frequency is the hertz.（

3、频率的单位是赫兹）l if a voltage is applied across a circuit, an electric current will flow in the circuit.（如果在电路的两端加上电压，就会有电流在该电路中流动）l fig.5-1 shows oersteds experiment.（图5-1画出了奥斯特的实验）l we should use an 18 volt battery here.（这里我们应该使用一个18伏特的电池）l a machine is a device for transmitting force to accomplish a de

4、finite purpose.（机器是一种通过力的传递来完成某一确定目的的设备）l the hydraulic press will be considered in chapter 14.（水压机将在14章中涉及）l the study of fluids in motion is one of the more difficult branches of mechanics because of the diversity of phenomena that may occur.（研究运动中的流体是力学中较为困难的分支之一，因为可能出现的现象是多种多样的）l it is easy to d

5、etermine the value of the parameter u.（我们很容易确定参数u的值）l by eq.2-1 we have the following relation.（根据式2-1，我们得到下面的关系式）l it is necessary to use an s-shape tube here.（在这里必须使用一根s形管）l the authors work at the university of texas at arlington.（作者在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学工作）l this is an r-bit transformer.（这是一个r位的变换器）l an

6、xor gate must be used here.（这里必须使用一个异或门，xor = exclusive or）l 这是一个h参数。（this is an h parameter）l 现在我们开始讨论一下局域网。（we turn now to discussion of local area networks）l 班布里奇质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器。（the bainbride mass spectrometer is as important as an instrument as the optical spectrometer）l 必须求出一个电子通过这段导线需要多长的时间。（

7、it is necessary to find out how long a time is required for an electron to travel the length of the wire）l 物质的密度等于其单位体积的质量。（the density of a substance is its mass per unit volume）l 地球的半径为。米。（the radius of the earth is .m）l 这两个参数是相同的。（the two parameters are the same）l 压力的增加总会引起体积的减少。（an increase in p

8、ressure always causes the decrease in volume）l 图2-5显示了等式2-2所表示的情况。（fig.2-5 shows what is expressed in eq.2-2）l 电感的单位是亨利。（the unit of inductance is the henry）l 输入信号太大会引起非线性失真。（too large an input signal can cause nonlinear distortion）l 利用斜率的定义，我们能导出表示直线的方程。（using the definition of slope, we can derive

9、 the equation which represents a straight line）l 。这一表达式经常用于微积分的学习中。（the expressionis frequently used in the study of calculus）l 能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数的线性方程。（an equation which can be written in the following form is knows as a linear equation in one unknown）l 在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率工作。（in a computer, the t

10、endency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible）l 锡的熔点没有铅的高。（tin does not have as high a melting point as lead does）l 这个平均速度是末速度的一半。（this average velocity is half the final velocity）l 电能可轻易地转变成其它形式的能量。（electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy）l 1831年，没过的约瑟夫亨利发现了电磁感应现象。（

11、in 1931，joseph henry in the united states discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction）l 计算机由几个部分组成。（a computer consists of several parts/units）l 化学是基于像长度、体积、质量和温度这样一些需要测量的概念之上的。这些测量是定量的，也就是说，它们与数字相关。在这一节里，我们将认识一些用于定量测量的简单仪器，还会讲到这些测量中所用的单位。（chemistry is based upon concepts that requires th

12、e measurement of such quantities as length, volume, mass and temperature. these measurements are quantitative, that is, they have numbers associated with them. in this section, we will consider some of the simple instruments used in quantitative measurements. we will also look at the units used to e

13、xpress these measured quantities.l uasma协议采用了独特的帧结构。（the uasma protocol employs a unique frame structure）l 一种双正交循环码m元扩频接收机的性能分析（performance analysis of an m-ary spread spectrum receiver using biorthogonal cyclic codes）l 最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器。（finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed

14、 by this method）l 先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估（dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system）l 利用状态转移图，系统的安全性得以实现。（with state-transition diagram, the security probability of system is obtained）l 该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。（the approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potenti

15、al barrier with an arbitrary profilel 我们提出了一种基于牛顿迭代法的数值方法。（we propose a numerical method based on newtons iterative method）l 练习2l 普通的变压器并不是理想的，因而在其中会发生功率损耗。ordinary transformers are not ideal, and therefore power losses occur in them.l 该物质能吸引铁质物体，甚至能使它们磁化。this material attracts iron objects and can

16、ever magnetize them.l 该电路由一个电池、一个电感器、一个电容器组成。this circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.l 试计算abc三点处的电场。compute the electric fields at points a, b and c.l 这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国以及意大利之间的通讯。this satellite is used for communications between the united states and great britain, france and it

17、aly.l 物质是像空气、水或木头那样的东西。matter is anything like air, water or wood.l 假设线圈中的损耗为0，c=500微法，波纹为20%。assume that losses in the coil are zero, that c=500 uf, and that the ripple is 20 percent.l 人们发现采用这一观点更为方便：运动的电荷能产生磁场，这个磁场会对通过它的另一电荷施加作用力。it is found more convenient to adopt the point of view that a moving

18、 charge sets up a magnetic field, and this field exerts a force on another charge moving through it.l 第6、7、8章论述人们所说的电脑。chapter 6, 7, and 8 deal with what is called the electronic brain.l 学生们会认识到数学是科学概念的语言，科学是数学概念的源泉，数学能够为重要的科学问题提供极好的答案。students may learn that mathematics is the language for scientif

19、ic ideas, that science is a source of mathematic ideas, and that mathematics can furnish brilliant answers to important scientific problems.l 该电路中的电流为电源的短路电流的一半。the current in this circuit is one half the short-circuit current of the source.l 这种蓄电池的内阻仅为零点零零几欧姆。the internal resistance of this kind of

20、 storage battery is only a few thousandths of an ohm.l 其误差为6/1012。its error is six parts in 1012.l 这台计算机储存的信息比那台多3倍。this computer stores four times more information than that one./stores four times as much information as that one.l 月球的质量为地球的1/81。the mass of the moon is 1/81 that of the earth.l 不久的将来

21、对这种设备的需求量将为现在的20倍。the demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.l 这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特。the voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.l 现在其内部的压力是原来的1/3。now its internal pressure is one third what it was.l 大家对温度这一概念都很熟悉，这是因为我们的身体对温差非常敏感。当拿起一块冰时我们感到冷，因其温度低

22、于手的温度。在喝了一杯咖啡后，我们可能把它说成“热的”、“温的”或“很糟的”。至少在前两种情况下我们是在描述其温度超过人体温度的程度。the concept of temperature is familiar to all of us. this is because our bodies are so sensitive to temperature differences. when we pick up a piece of ice, we feel cold because its temperature is lower than that of our hand. after d

23、rinking a cup of coffee, we may refer to it as “hot”, “lukewarm” or “atrocious”. in the first two cases, at least, we are describing the extent to which its temperature exceeds ours.l 这个电容器上的电压为零点零几伏特。the voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a voltage.l 这个物体比那个物体重4倍。this object is fi

24、ve times heavier than that one is.l 除非另有说明，我们假设使用的是硅管且i可以忽略不计。unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that can be neglected.l 这个电路的优点是结构简单、易于调整。this circuit has the advantage of simple structure and easy adjustment.l 图1、2、3显示了这个过程。figs.1, 2, and 3 show this proce

25、ss.l 对于进一步的信息，参见文献3、5、9。for further information, consult references 3, 5, 9.l 若给定返回函数是凸的且海塞行列式为正，那么该内点是最小值而不是最大值。the interior point is a minimum than a maximum, given that the return functions are convex, and that the hessian determinant is positive.l 练习3l 这类计算机与那类相比有很多优点。this type of computer has m

26、any advantages over that type.l 我们必须解这个方程把回路电流求出来。we must solve this equation for the loop current.l 在这新的五章中，第一章论述负反馈的基本原理。of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.l 本节介绍力的概念。this section introduces the concept of force.l 这个参数随温度的变化而变化。this param

27、eter varies/changes with temperature.l 这个电路中电流和电压的相位相差为90。the current and voltage in this circuit differ in phase by 90.l 声波朝四面八方传播。sound waves travel in all directions.l 通过分析该仪器的参数，我们就能够了解它的性能。by analyzing/by the analysis of the parameters of this instrument, we can understand its performance.l 这是解

28、该方程的一个充分必要条件。this is a sufficient and necessary condition for solving/the solution of the equation.l 我们要求出它在这段距离上的平均速度。we will find out its average velocity over this distance.l 我们以牛顿为单位来测量力。we measure force in newtions.l 本文介绍测量这个参数的一种新方法。this paper introduces a new method for measuring this paramet

29、er.l 若x1，则该方程无解。for x1, there is no solution to this equation.l 在把这些数值代入该方程后，人们发现v等于光速。upon/on substituting/substitution of these values to/into the equation, it was found that v is equal to the velocity of light.l 在研究电学时，物理学家们定义了该参数。in their study of electricity, physicists defined this parameter.l

30、 这个电路的工作情况类似于图1-10的电路。this circuit is similar in operation to that of fig.1-10.l 在讨论这一课题时，我们应把注意力集中到其基本原理上。in our discussion of this subject, we should restrict our attention to its basic principles.l 我们借助于电场这一概念描述电荷之间的相互作用。we describe the interactions among charges with the help of the concept of e

31、lectric field.l 部分原因是地球的自传。this is due in part to the earths rotation.l 一加上合适的外力，该物体就会开始运动。upon application of proper external force, the body will start to move.l 这台计算机的体积很小。this computer is very small in size.l 这些波只朝一个方向传播。these waves travel only in one direction.l 用在手电中的普通干电池的构造如图23-8所示。正电极是一根碳棒，

32、负电极是一个锌壳。这种电池被称为“干电池”是因为其电解液是一种潮湿的糊剂。如果它真是干的，电解液中的离子就不能动来动去，电流就无从产生。在电池工作时，锌原子通过失去电子而变成了锌离子。the common dry cell used in flashlights is constructed in fig.23-8. the positive electrode is a carbon rod and the negative one is a zinc can. the cell is called “dry” because its electrolyte is a moist paste

33、. if it were actually dry, ions in the electrolyte could not move about and no current could be produced. in the operation of the cell, zinc atoms become zinc ions by losing electrons.l 本文提出了一种新的识别雷达目标的方法。this paper presents a new method for recognition of radar targets.l 目标的运动状态对ekf的跟踪精度的影响非常明显。the

34、 influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the ekf is great.l 与现有的方法相比，这种新方法具有很多优点。this new method has many advantages over those available.l 新设计的这台仪器质量很好。this newly designed instrument is good in quality/of good quality.l 10月8号早上又发射了一颗通讯卫星。anther communications satelli

35、te was launched on the morning of the 8th of october.l 电压是用伏特来衡量的。voltage is measured in volts.l 这个实验是从昨晚八点开始的。this experiment started at 8 oclock last night.l 他们将赴北京参加移动通讯国际会议。they will leave for beijing to attend an international conference of mobile communication.l 练习4l 这道题的答案看起来是正确的。the answer/k

36、ey too this problem looks/appears correct.l 这个系数有待确定。this coefficient remains to be determined.l 后面几章会经常用到下面两个等式。the two equations below will be often/frequently used in later chapters.l 这里我们使用相距10厘米的两个金属球。here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.l 这篇论文没有什么新内容。this paper contains/has nothing new./the

37、re is nothing new in this paper.l 该力垂直作用于桌面。the force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.l 此规则可用于一切整数，包括正的和负的。this rule can apply to/be used for all integers, both positive and negative.l 中子的质量稍大于质子。a neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of a proton./a neutron has a slightly larg

38、er mass than a proton.l 电子是存在于普通物质中的最小微粒。electrons are the smallest particles present in ordinary matter.l 现有的教科书均讨论了这一问题。all the textbooks available discuss this problem.l 计算机由于运算准确、速度快而得到了广泛的应用。accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.l 输入成为负的，而输出保持不变。the inp

39、ut goes negative while the output stays/remains constant.l 这些射线似乎来自于成像。these rays seem to come from the image.l 交流电路中的阻抗与电阻在直流电路中的作用相同。impedance in an ac-circuit plays the same role that resistance does in a dc-circuit.l 相距一段距离x的两根平行导线载有电流i。two parallel wires a distance of x apart carry the current

40、x.l 这里的这些方程很重要。the equations here are of great importance.l 我们将使用一根10m长的电缆。we shall use a cable 10 meters long.l 现在的问题是如何测量此元件上的电压。the problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.l 这些数据将被传送到2公里外的计算中心。these data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.l 整理上面的那个方程后，我

41、们得到了下面的表达式。upon rearranging the equation above, we have/get/obtain the following expression.l 那个陈述听起来很有道理。that statement sounds quite reasonable.l 电子能够相对不受阻地通过金属。electrons can pass relatively unimpeded through metals.l 该物体与附近的其它物体碰撞。the body collides with other bodies nearby.l 这些电荷能与存在的其它电荷相互作用。thes

42、e charges can interact with other charges present.l 与普通的观念相反，力可以不通过接触进行传递。forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.l 并不存在大于1的根。there is no root larger than 1.l 这个系数的典型值为0.35。this coefficient is typically 0.35。l 该电荷正平行于电场运动。the charge is moving parallel to the electric

43、 field.l 物质的密度为其质量与体积之比。液体和固体的密度最常用克/立方厘米来表示。它们的密度可以通过独立地测出一个样品的质量和体积求得。对于固体来说，确定密度要困难一点。图1.4显示了一种普遍采用的方法。首先利用天平测出该固体样品的质量，然后通过确定该固体排开液体的体积间接求出其体积。the density of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume. densities of liquids and solids are most often expressed in grams per cubic centimeter

44、. their densities can be found by measuring, independently, the mass and volume of a sample. for/with solids, density is a bit more difficult to determine. a common approach is shown in fig.1.4. the mass of the sample is first measured by using/with a balance. its volume is found indirectly by deter

45、mining the volume of liquid displaced by the solid.l 这台转动的机器一两分钟后将自动停下来。this running machine will stop of itself in one or two minutes/in a minute or two.l 在这种情况下，输入并不下降，输出也不下降。in this case, the input does not fall; nor/neither does the output.l 导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料，而且取决于导体的尺寸和温度。the resistance of a co

46、nductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.l 这些科学家对该论题很感兴趣。these scientists are very interesting to this topic.l 这个参数几乎测不出来。this parameter can hardly be measured.l 本书的序言写得很好。the preface to this book is well written.l

47、 在这个实验室中，这台仪器比其他任何一台都贵。in this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any one.l 该设备的特点是体积小、重量轻。the features of this device are small size and light weight.l 练习5l 这个检测过程可用以下两种方法中的任何一种来进行。the detection process can be performed in either of the following two ways.l 在该结上有一个电容，高频时它的存在会引发问题。th

48、ere is a capacitance across the junction. its presence/existence will cause problems at high frequencies.l 这个棒球不久就会停下来，这是它与地面相互作用的结果。this baseball will soon come to rest because of its interaction with the ground.l 我们把这个系数选为1是正确的。our choice of this coefficient as 1 is correct.l 这是由于它使用了继电器而不是电子器件。th

49、is is due to its use of relays rather than electronic devices.l 变压器体积大、重量重、价格昂贵，所以把它们从电路中去掉会节省不少费用。since transformers are large, heavy, and expensive, their elimination from the circuit will result in considerable savings.l 把侧重点放在浮型陀螺仪上，因为它们被用作一种控制部件。emphasis is put on floated gyroscopes because of

50、their utilization/use as a control component.l 从把它定义为力与长度之比，我们可以看出k具有与功相同的单位。from its definition as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has the same unit as work (does).l 在这个式子中，那个因素被忽略掉了。如果把它包含在这儿，只会是推导过程复杂化。in this equation, that factor is ignored. its inclusion here would merely c

51、omplicate the proceedings.l 在对那个问题的讨论中科学家们注意到了这一点。in their discussion of that problem, scientists noticed this point.l 由于反馈在电子线路中起着重要的作用，所以对它的研究极为重要。since feedback plays an important role in electronic circuits, its study is of great importance.l 黑洞是看不见的，但它的存在是可以推断出来的。the black hole is invisible/can

52、not be seen, but its presence/existence can be deduced.l 我们对该机器的分析是很有意义的。our analysis of the machine is of great significance.l 这有助于把它们用在电路分析中。this facilitates their use in circuit analysis.l 设计的成功取决于我们对电路的正确选择。the success in design depends on our correct choice of the circuit.l 不久我们将会制造出手表大小的计算机。so

53、on we shall have computers the size of a watch.l 这辆警车装备了火柴盒大小的接收机。this police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox.l 过去，电话是靠接线员来连接的。in the past, telephone calls were operator connected.l 这台设备是由计算机控制的。this device is computer controlled.l 这器件是防水的。this device is water resistant.l 交流电可

54、以被置换成直流电，这一过程被称为整流。ac can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into dc, a process called/known as/referred to as rectification.l 磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这是大家都熟悉的现象。a magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.l 如果这个关系式成立的话，我们就得到一个负的电流，这种情况是不可能的。if this relation were to hold, we would have

55、 a negative current, an impossible situation.l 电路中的电流和外加电压成正比，这一点是由欧姆用实验方法证实的。the current in a circuit is proportional to the applied voltage, something/a fact that was verified experimentally by ohm.l 计算机能够处理信息，而这一过程以前只能在我们的头脑中完成。computers are capable of processing information, a process that previ

56、ously could be accomplished only inside our heads.l 激光是20世纪60年代发展起来的一项新技术，它能穿透像金刚石这样最坚硬的物质。a new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce the hardest substances such as diamond.l 色谱分离法是一种非常有效的分离方法，已得到了广泛的应用。a very effective separation method, chromatography has found wide applications.l

57、这根2.5米长的铝棒具有1厘米x5厘米的长方形横截面。this aluminum bar 2.5m long has a rectangular cross section 1cm by 5cm.l 这一定律适用于具有火箭速度的物体。this law applies to bodies the speed of a rocket.l 我们必须对它进行频率调制。we must frequency modulate it.l 为解这道难题，我们必须把各种因素考虑进去，这一步骤是十分复杂的。to solve this problem, we must take everything/all fact

58、ors into account, a very complicated procedure.l 万用表是测量电流、电压、电阻的仪表，被广泛地用于电气工程中。an instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.l 这些材料是压敏的。these materials are pressure sensitive.l 在上面的几个式子中，所有的h都是混合参数。in the equations above, all hs are the hybrid parameters.l 在时间t2和t3之间，该二极管似乎是导通的。between times t2 and t3 the diode appears to be on.l 在这个电路中有三个电动势。there are three emfs in this circuit.l 标准磅的质量等于0.45千克。the mass of the standard pound is equal t