经济类文献 中英文对照

1、appendix：shallow low-carbon economy influence on chinas textile industry export trade, and puts forward the countermeasuresnow, low carbon economy (low) this words few economy growing near the public view, and began to people as well. then, what is low-carbon economy?what is the influence of low car

2、bon economy for chinas textile industry export trade？the concept of low carbon economy by the british government in 2003. in 2003, the british government in its energy in the future of our energy white: create low-carbon economy first put forward the concept of low carbon economy. so-called low carb

3、on economy, low energy consumption, low in pollution and low emission of economic model based on human society, the agriculture civilization, industrial civilization again after the great progress. low carbon economy is high energy utilization efficiency and clean energy structure, the core is the e

4、nergy technology innovation, system innovation and human survival and development concept of fundamental transformation.low carbon economy, and put forward not accidental, people increasingly recognize that human economic activities and continuous expansion has given us survive earth brings great de

5、struction, direct consequences caused by the earths environment is the serious pollution, global warming, sea levels rising land, and covered by the earths environment change of abnormal natural disasters. the problem of our human society has their own survival and development caused a serious threa

6、t. therefore, low carbon economy in the world, immediately, especially the western society developed economy has caused great resonance and responses. the worlds economic superpower u.s. 2007, puts forward the low carbon economy act, suggests that low carbon economy development road became the impor

7、tant strategic choice for the future of the united states. in the same year, the united nations passed a resolution on the climate change, established the bali roadmap, the requirement of developed countries in 2020 will greenhouse gas 25 to 40.our country for low carbon economy also responded to th

8、e corresponding. in september 2007, chinese president hu jintao in the asia-pacific economic cooperation (apec) summit on the 15th, put forward to develop china solemnly low-carbon economy, demonstrated that we as a world power, environmental protection, to the world of the future of the human socie

9、ty sustainable development of responsibility and mission.in the third world, the industry has been developing countries is the pillar industries of national economy, high proportion. because chinas industrial technology, the whole process and equipment is still lags behind that of developed countrie

10、s, chinas industrial output energy consumed by far above the level of developed countries. at the same time, in chinas energy resources distribution, the proportion of coal than other energy. according to the national bureau of statistics yearbook 2008 data released, in 2007, chinas total energy pro

11、duction in coal, and the proportion of total energy production to 76.6% and clean energy water electricity, nuclear power, wind power proportion only 8.2 per cent (see chart 1). in the energy consumption and the proportion of coal and 69.5% high (see chart 2). all the energy consumption and industri

12、al consumption accounted for all 72.83% energy consumption. the above data shows that the carbon emissions, present in large quantity, under the situation of economic development is still with increasing trend.china is still at the stage of the high speed development of economy, the economic develop

13、ment is the countrys top priority. this is a decision will be taken in our country although various measures to reduce pollution and reduce emissions, but because our country industry structure adjustment in the short term, not complete but energy structure and energy consumption in a long time will

14、 remain the current structure, so with the development of economy, chinas total carbon emissions will increase. according to the united nations development program in december 2007, the human development report, released in 2007, china 2008 / carbon emissions in america, only after the second in the

15、 world. very likely surpass the united states in 2009, ranked first.if the requirement of western countries, china reduce carbon emissions, the present condition that the only way to stop the development of economy, it is clearly impossible choice. because chinas large population, although per capit

16、a emissions of carbon only american 1/5-1/6, but carbon emissions, facing the great western countries require reduction pressure. especially in export trade, because our traditional exports are labor-intensive products, has obvious high investment, high cost and low technology, low output characteri

17、stic of high carbon economy in western countries, import and export trade imbalance of circumstances, more vulnerable to the pressure from western countries. low carbon economy due to occupy the protection of the environment, the author thinks that moral point in the near future, low carbon economy

18、will be waved for tools, western countries for our export trade adversely.concretely speaking, there are two adverse effects:first, set on china trade barriers, increase product sales cost, make product price advantage loss in china.western countries have been keen on recent discussions in developin

19、g countries levy duties, using the so-called carbon emissions of carbon of trade protectionism, developing countries, especially chinas exports.so-called few tariff customs (carbon) refers to the special products imported high tariffs imposed carbon dioxide emissions.the concept of a former french p

20、resident jacques chirac first, is intended to eu countries should abide by the kyoto protocol, the country of import goods, otherwise in consisting of carbon emissions trading mechanism, the goods will suffer unfair competition, especially in steel industry and industry.march 2009, the us energy sec

21、retary zhudiwen if other countries have implemented compulsory measures for greenhouse gas emissions, america will collect carbon tariffs.in early june 2009, held in bonn un climate change conference, a part of the u.s. representative proposed products imported from china tariffs.june 2009, 22 state

22、s clean energy security act as clean energy security and the acesa (representatives) testimony.although at present in the world, there is no country in other countries import tariffs, but acesa carbon tax law, including china, america has the right to limit the implementation of carbon emissions cou

23、ntry not a carbon products imported tariffs. the u.s. senate has voted to act will formally went into effect, from the law gives the president of the united states to other countries levy duties of carbon. once acesa law goes into effect formally, not only the united states, other western countries

24、will follow in succession, legally recognized the effectiveness of carbon tariffs. in the future, chinas export trade, when chinas exports was imposed some high carbon tariffs, export prices will greatly enhance the competitiveness of the market to lose.second, the setting of non-tariff barriers, us

25、ing standard will certain kinds of chinese products according to the outside in.in western countries the non-tariff barriers is a typical market access standard set authentication. will reach the standard of the products in the market of exclusion. producers would make a lot of money into the wester

26、n standards of human authentication work, increase the cost of production and reduce the products competitiveness.so, in the international economic environment advocate low carbon, how should we respond to enterprises in china, which will be for the adverse effects bottomed out? the author thinks th

27、at the following measures should be adopted.first, the state should actively effectively adjust the industrial structure, and optimize the structure of trade, increasing the proportion of service trade. at the same time, the enterprise itself in the country shall be under the guidance of the realiza

28、tion of the enterprise and upgrading.1 national further through relevant industry policy formulation, adhere to take a new road to industrialization, to reform and opening up and technological progress as the power, enhance the ability of independent innovation, encourage and support the development

29、 of advanced production capacity, restrictions and backward production capacity, prevent haphazard investment and low level repeated construction, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, the industrial structure in china to health, reasonable, effective, economical and ecological developm

30、ent, chinas industrial structure has the features of sustainable development.2 countries with capital, capital of guided by the entity economy, especially for individual into increased capital of the private economy, and to accelerate the investment of more high-tech enterprise development and suppo

31、rt, and gradually changed our export with labor-intensive and resources, the present situation of denseness export products to improve the technology content and added value, improve the export-oriented enterprises within the production of independent intellectual property rights, and gradually redu

32、ce and get rid of high-tech products exported by foreign intellectual property.3 to propel the development of service trade, trade in services of china exports as a new growth point. to improve the competitiveness of chinas service trade, trade in services of more high-tech content, vigorously devel

33、op e-commerce, chinas foreign trade in services on a scale from to get basic level of ascension.4 for enterprise itself, our enterprise shall present interests and long-term development prospect together, establish good green environmental protection consciousness, automatic completion of the produc

34、tion and operation of enterprises and upgrades. labor-intensive and resources-intensive enterprise, the enterprise shall be as the primary problem to transformation, shall not be satisfied with current income and operating conditions. enterprises should pay attention to technical transformation and

35、technological innovation and development, promote the upgrading of products. avoid industry competition between homogeneity, low-level, through the technology development, with characteristics, differentiation, brand products in the international market competition. while increasing market developme

36、nt, eliminate non-traditional rely on a single market. with high-tech enterprise shall capital-intensive in national policies and the support of capital, with independent intellectual property products in the international market competition, grasps the core technology, completes the intellectual pr

37、operty protection and the overseas registered, enhance the international competitive power.second, the country should in international exchanges, relying on chinas great-nation station for export trade favorable international environment.1 our government actively participate in international economi

38、c cooperation between the bilateral and multilateral process, should play in various international economic cooperation organization, relying on the role in economic strength, for more power. fully grasping the common international convention, the connotation and essence of the world through such pl

39、atform, by international dialogue between western developed countries, especially in the dialogue and maintain our interests.january 2009 - july, according to the ministry of commerce of china statistical, 17 countries (regions) of china launched trade relief investigations, involving a value 92.34

40、72 million (2008) of 6.2 billion dollars, and 105.06% 16.1 percent year-on-year growth of anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and 45, and safeguard measures, july 13 safeguard. based on the related government domestic interests and irresponsible in a certain extent, the deterioration of our export trade adve

41、rse environment. china must fully mastered represented by the dispute settlement mechanism of the wto agreement, the connotation of series of positive response to such action, more relevant countries with the same auxiliary anti-dumping investigation, polite courteous response in relevant internatio

42、nal negotiations, maintain the initiative in the lawful rights and interests of export enterprises.2 at the same time, chinas export enterprise shall be in strict accordance with the national policies and regulations of production and operation. enterprises to strengthen international trade rules of

43、 learning and understanding, abide by the traffic rules, respect the habits and customs of the exporter, strengthen the coordination between the domestic industry with constraints, avoid the malicious competition between enterprises short-sighted.third, our country should strengthen the development

44、about low-carbon economy theory research, carbon trading policies and regulations, actively participate in international trade, domestic charcoal carbon trading market, and start to determine the price of carbon trading.so-called carbon trading, means carbon emissions trading is put forward by the b

45、ritish, the idea that all countries on the quantification of carbon emissions, establish a system based on buying carbon emissions, reduce carbon emissions quota, enterprise, its emissions in the international market sale index, and other enterprises can buy carbon emissions permits. nature is let p

46、roduction enterprise to be on the enterprise of carbon emission quotas, which sell profit by cleaner production technology energy, on the other hand carbon emissions in large enterprises under the condition of normal production, in order to save money buying carbon emission quotas, and other alterna

47、tive choice of clean energy, thereby reducing social general carbon emissions.in the kyoto protocol signed on the basis of the international has established several international carbon emissions trading market. the kyoto protocol stipulates three forms of carbon trading, including the clean develop

48、ment mechanism (cdm) and emission trading (et) and joint performance (ji).as the worlds second largest carbon emissions, our country is most resource potential resource supply carbon trading. however, due to the international carbon trading rules are basically formulated by the western developed cou

49、ntries, chinas lack of discourse. for example, cdm project is between china and the western countries for carbon emissions trading. 2008 china cdm project of certified emissions reductions of volume, has the worlds total volume 84%. but because of the lack of carbon emissions trading and internation

50、al trading platform of 2 class market in china, and direct the certified reduction in price sell developed countries, thus make foreign trade agency, and obtain profits in the developed countries cheap emissions into tools.therefore, established the chinas carbon trading market for international car

51、bon trading, market, from carbon trading chain can be the lowest layer, have more power highunemployment, pricing, and to ensure that the interests of chinese enterprises.at the same time, according to the kyoto protocol, the provisions in the cdm mechanism, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions co

52、nstraints of developed countries and government agencies, enterprises can through the technology transfer or investment in developing countries, and the energy conservation and emission reduction projects, so as to achieve the project cooperation that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. this is the inh

53、eritance of the enterprise in the green upgrades created favorable conditions. our enterprise should be under the guidance of the active participation in direct economic benefit for the condition, also can get energy conservation and emission reduction technology upgrading channels, the low cost of

54、green upgrades to complete the enterprise. thus likely to high-value textile products to participate in international competition.附录：浅析低碳经济时代下我国纺织业出口竞争力的影响及对策现在，低碳经济( low carbon economy)这个词汇越来越多的走近公众的视野，并开始为人们所知悉。那么，究竟什么是低碳经济？低碳经济对中国纺织品出口的影响是什么呢？ 低碳经济的概念最早是由英国政府在2003年提出。2003年，英国政府在其能源白皮书我们能源的未来:创建低碳

55、经济首次提出了低碳经济的概念。所谓低碳经济，就是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式，是人类社会继农业文明、工业文明之后的又一次重大进步。低碳经济实质是高能源利用效率和清洁能源结构问题，核心是能源技术创新、制度创新和人类生存发展观念的根本性转变。 低碳经济的提出不是偶然的，而在于人们日益认识到，人类自身的经济活动及其不断的扩张已经给我们生存的地球带来了巨大的破坏，直接的后果就是造成地球环境的严重污染，全球气候变暖，海平面不断升高淹没陆地，以及地球环境遭到改变带来的种种异常的自然灾害。上述的问题已经对我们人类社会自身的生存和发展造成了严重的威胁。所以，低碳经济的提出，立刻在国际上，尤其是经济

56、发达的西方社会引起了巨大的共鸣和反响。世界头号经济强国美国，2007年提出了低碳经济法案，表明低碳经济的发展道路成为美国未来的重要战略选择。同年，联合国通过有关的决议，制定了应对气候变化的“巴厘岛路线图”， 要求发达国家在2020年前将温室气体减排25%至40%。 我们国家对于低碳经济也做出了积极的相应。2007年9月，中国国家主席胡锦涛在亚太经合组织（apec）第15次领导人会议上，郑重提出了中国要发展低碳经济的主张，彰显了我们作为世界大国，对世界环境保护，对未来人类社会可持续发展的责任心和使命感。 我国作为第三世界发展中国家，工业一直是国民经济中的支柱行业，所占比例过高。由于我国工业的整体

57、技术，工艺和设备仍落后于发达国家的水平，造成我国的工业产出所消耗的能源远远高于发达国家的水平。根据国家统计局2008年统计年鉴公布的数据，2007年，我国能源生产总量及构成中，煤炭所占的能源生产总量的比重达到76.6，而清洁能源如水电，核电，风电的比例只有8.2（见表一）。在消费的能源中，煤炭所占的比例也高达69.5（见表二）。所有消费的能源中，工业消费又占到了所有能源消费的72.83。以上数据表明，现阶段我国的炭排量在总量很大的情况下，仍然有随着经济发展不断增加的趋势。 我国尚处在经济的高速发展阶段，发展经济是目前国家的首要任务。这就决定了尽管我们国家会采取种种的措施降低污染，减少排放，但是

58、由于我国行业结构的调整不会在短期内完成，而能源构成和能源消费在较长时间内仍会保持目前的结构，所以随着经济的发展，我国总的炭排放仍会不断增加。根据联合国开发署2007年12月发布的人类发展报告2007/2008，中国的炭排放总量仅排在美国之后，位居世界第二位。很有可能在2009年超过美国，排名世界第一。 如果按照西方国家的要求，我国降低碳排放总量，目前情况下唯一的办法就是停止经济的发展，这显然是不可能的选择。由于我国人口众多，虽然我国人均炭排放只有美国的1/51/6，但是由于炭排放总量的巨大，我国面临着西方国家要求减排的巨大压力。特别是在出口贸易中，由于我国传统的出口商品都是劳动密集型的商品，具

59、有比较明显的高投入，高消耗，低技术，低产出的高炭经济的特点，在目前西方国家进出口贸易不平衡的情况下，更容易受到来自西方国家的压力。低碳经济由于占据了保护世界环境的道德制高点，笔者以为，在不远的将来，低碳经济将被西方国家挥舞为工具，对我国的出口贸易产生不利的影响。尤其是对我国的纺织品贸易有很大影响。 具体说来，不利的影响有两点： 第一,设置关税等贸易壁垒，增加中国纺织产品的销售成本，使中国产品丧失价格的优势。 西方国家近期一直热衷于讨论对发展中国家征收所谓的炭关税，采用炭排放的贸易保护主义，打击发展中国家，特别是我国纺织品的出口。 所谓碳关税（carbon tariff）是指对高耗能产品进口征收特别的二氧化碳排放关税。 这个概念最早由法国前总统希拉克提出，用意是希望欧盟国家应针对未遵守京都协定书的