介词加关系代词引导的定语从句复习过程

1、此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(一) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语 从句的关系代词主要有 which ,whom , whose ,它们既可以引导限定性定语从 句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据 不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。 一. 介词选择的主要标准 1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Huma n facial expressi ons differ from those an imals in the degreeto which they can be co

2、 ntrolled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表 情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。(to a degree ) The gentleman about whom you told meyesterday proved to be a thief. 你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。(tell sb. about sb./ sth.) The English play in whichmy students acted at the New Year s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。(in the p

3、lay ) The schools themselves admit that not all childre n will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所 有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。(be trai ned for the job ) 2. 介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shak ing han ds?我们的老师 与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb

4、.) Last mon th , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still sufferi ng.上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(sufer from sth.) 3. 介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country ,of which we are greatly proud . 我们的 国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪

5、。(be proud of ) The woma n to whomSpielberg is married is an actress.同斯皮尔伯格 结婚的女人是一位演员。(be married to ) The West Lake , for whichHangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西 湖很美，杭州以西湖而闻名。(be famous for ) The woma nto whomhe was en gaged was a doctor.他与之订婚的那个女士 是位医生。 (be en gaged to ) 4. 有时关系代词前用什么介词，要

6、根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其 前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woma n running toward me in the dark. Before I could recog nize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recog nize who she was , she had ran back in the directi onfrom which she had come. 看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的 方向跑回去了。(如果仅注意先行词，

7、很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come，则应该使用from。) He was educated at the local high school,after which he went on to Beiji ng Un iversity.他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。(after which的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”)。 In the office I n ever seem to have time un til after 5:30 pm.by which 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 t

8、ime many have got home.在办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半， 而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而 选用介词at,而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。） 5. 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor ninemon ths, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了 9个月，其中航行 的时间是226天。 The factory produces half

9、 a milli on pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.这个工厂每年生产 50万双鞋，其中的（指 50万双鞋） 80%肖往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreig n stude nts study ing Chin ese in the school, most of whom were from Germany.我被告知这个学校有大 约50个外国学生在学习中文，其中大多数来自德国。 I have many frien ds, of whom some are

10、bus in essme n. 我有很多朋友，其 中有些是生意人。 二. 介词不能提前的情况 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前放在which （指事 物不能用that ）或者whom指人不能用who）之前，也可放于原来的位置，但在 含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不能将介 词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有listen to/look at/depe nd on /take care of/look in to/break in to/get rid of/look forward to等。 This is the room wh

11、ich/that Lu Xun used to live in .（二This is the room 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 in which Lu Xun used to live.)这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。 The man 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句(二) 例句： 1) Have you ever dreamed of play ing in front of thousa nds of people at a con cert, at which every one is clapp ing and appreciat ing your music? 2) Th

12、ey may start as a group of high-school students, for whompractising their music in some one s house is the first step to fame. 3) Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. 4) The musicia ns were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of whic

13、h was based loosely on the Beatles. 5) However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Mon kees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. 6) They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. “介词+关系代词”

14、引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型， 介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语 时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 一、基本构成 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which （指物） 或 whom指人），即：介词 +which/whom。 （1）The man to wh

15、om you spoke is a teacher. （2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are manycartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2. 关系副词when, where，why可用“介词+ which ”来代替。关系副词实际上 是介词+先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词（如：in , at,on,during 等）+which ; Where=S地点的介词（如：in , at,o

16、n,under 等）+which; Why表原因的介词（如：for ） +which （1）当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+ which来代替关系副词when I still remember the day whe n I came here.（ on the day =whe n） （2）当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where 引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+ which来代替关系副词where。 This is the house where I lived last year.（ in

17、 the house= where） （3）当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词 why引导，此时也可以用for which 来代替关系副词 why。 There are many reas ons why people like traveli ng. （for the reas ons =why 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of， pay atte nti on to, look forward to等。 Thi

18、s is the watch (which / that) I am look ing for. 2. “介词 + 关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词，表示先行词的一部分或全部。 He loves his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 二.介词的选择 根据从句中

19、动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Eg:Is that the n ewspaper for which you ofte n write articles? The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学 校很出名。 2. 根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。 The stude nt to whom I want to be grateful is Tom. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： Eg:19

20、49 was the year in which the P.R.C was foun ded. 4. 根据从句的意义来确定介词。 My computer, without which I can t play computer games, broke down yesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。 5. whose可转换为“ of +关系代词”型。 They live in a house, whose door ope ns to the south. 此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 They lived in a house, of which

21、the door ope ns to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which ope n to the south. 三. 填空练习 1. This is the gunthe hun ter shot the an telope. 2. The athleteshe will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic. 3. He II never forget the dayhe was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The m