考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷85

1、 考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 85(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 reading comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.section ii reading comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.part cdirections: read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：at the moment, there are two reliable ways to make el

2、ectricity from sunligh【t.f1】 you can usea panel of solar cells to create the current directly, by liberating electrons from asemiconducting material such as silicon. or you can concentrate the suns rays using mirrors,boil water with them, and employ the steam to drive a generator. both work. but bot

3、h are expensive.gang chen of the massachusetts institute of technology and zhifeng ren of boston college thereforepropose, in a paper in nature materials, an alternative. they suggest that a phenomenon calledthe thermoelectric effect might be used insteadand they have built a prototype to show thatt

4、he idea is practical. in their view, three things are needed to create a workablesolar-thermoelectric device. the first is to make sure that most of the sunlight which falls onit is absorbed, rather than being reflected. the second is to choose a thermoelectric materialwhich conducts heat badly(so t

5、hat different parts remain at different temperatures)butelectricity well.【f2】 the third is to be certain that the temperature gradient which that badlyconducting material creates is not frittered away by poor design. the two researchers overcamethese challenges through clever engineering. the first

6、they dealt with by coating the top of thedevice with oxides of hafnium, molybdenum and titanium, in layers about 100 nanometres thick.【f3】 these layers acted like the anti-reflective coatings on spectacle lenses and caused almostall the sunlight falling on the device to be absorbed. the second desid

7、eratum, of low thermaland high electrical conductivity, was achieved by dividing the bismuth telluride into pelletsa few nanometres across.【f4】 that does not affect their electrical conductivity, but nanoscaleparticles like this are known to scatter and obstruct the passage of heat through imperfect

8、lyunderstood quantum-mechanical processes. the third objective, efficient design, involvedsandwiching the nanostructured bismuth telluride between two copper plates and then enclosingthe upper plate(the one coated with the light-absorbing oxides)and the bismuth telluride in avacuum. the copper plate

9、s conducted heat rapidly to and from the bismuth telluride, thusmaintaining the temperature difference. the vacuum stopped the apparatus losing heat by convection.the upshot was a device that converts 4.6% of incident sunlight into electricit【y.f5】 that isnot great compared with the 20% and more ach

10、ieved by a silicon-basedsolar cell, the 40%managedby a solar-thermal turbine, or even the 18-20% of one of the new generation of cheap and cheerfulthin-film solar cells. but it is enough, dr chen reckons, for the process to be worth consideringfor mass production.（分数：10.00）(1).【f1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确

11、答案：你可以使用一块太阳能电池板从硅等半导体材料中释放电子来直接制造电流。也可以用镜子集中太阳光线，利用它们烧开水，利用蒸汽驱动发电机。)解析：(2).【f2】（分数：2.00） _正确答案：(正确答案：第三是确保那种导热性差的材料产生的温度变化不会因为设计缺陷而白白浪费。)解析：(3).【f3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：它们的作用类似玻璃眼镜上面防反射的覆盖层，使所有落到设备上的阳光都被吸收。)解析：(4).【f4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：它们的导电性不会因此受到影响，但是人们知道像这样的纳米级颗粒会分散开来并通过人们还尚未完全理解的量子力学过程阻碍热量通道

12、。)解析：(5).【f5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：以硅晶为基础的太阳能电池的转化率为 20甚至以上，太阳能热力涡轮的为 40，就连一种新一代价廉物美的薄膜太阳能电池的转化率也能达到 18一 20。)解析：no nobel prize has yet been awarded for the invention of an elixir of life, but the prize itselfseems to be one. that, at least, is the conclusion of matthew rablen and andrew oswald of the

13、university of warwick, in england【f1】 dr. rablen and dr. oswald have just published a studyon the universitys working-paper site which concludes that nobel science laureates livesignificantly longer than those of their colleagues who were nominated for a prize, but failedto receive one. the theory t

14、hey were testing was that status per se rather than the trappingsof status, such as wealth, act to prolong life. this idea was first promulgated by sir michaelmarmot, of university college, london. 【f2】 sir michael studied the health of british civilservants and discovered, contrary to his and every

15、one elses expectations, that those at the topof the hierarchywhom the stress of the job was expected to have affected adverselywere actuallyfar healthier than the supposedly unstressed officials at the bottom of the heap. subsequentresearch has confirmed this result, and suggested it is nothing to d

16、o with the larger salariesof those at the top. but dr. rablen and dr. oswald thought it would be interesting to refine theobservation still further, by studying individuals who were all, in a sense, at the top. bycomparing people good enough to be considered for a nobel, they could measure what the

17、statusof having one was worth.【f3】 comparing winners and also-rans from within the same countries,to avoid yet another source of bias, dr. rablen and dr. oswald found that the winners lived, onaverage, two years longer than those who had merely been nominated. exactly what causes thisincreased longe

18、vity is unclear. it is not the cash, though. the inflation-adjusted value of theprize has fluctuated over the years, so the two researchers were able to see if the purchasingpower of the money was correlated with longevity. it was not.【f4】 with the hierarchically orderedindividuals studied by sir mi

19、chael and his successors, both medical records and experiments onanimals suggest stress hormones are involved. it is, indeed, more stressful to be at the bottomthan the top, even if being at the top involves making decisions on the fate of nations【. f5】the result dr. rablen and dr. oswald have come

20、up with, though, suggests a positive effectassociated with high status, rather than the absence of a negative effect, since unsuccessfulnominees never know that they have been nominated.（分数：10.00）(1).【f1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：拉伯伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士刚刚在沃里克大学学报上发表了一份研究报告，该报告表明摘取诺贝尔奖桂冠的科学家的寿命明显要长于那些得到提名却未能获奖的科学家。

21、)解析： (2).【f2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：麦克爵士曾在研究英国公务员的健康时发现，那些处在最高层、被认为承受极大工作压力影响的公务员要比那些位于底层看似没有压力的公务员更加健康，而这一发现与他及其他所有人的预料都相反。)解析：(3).【f3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：通过比较来自同一个国家的获奖者与落选者，以避免另一种偏差，拉伯伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士发现获奖者的平均寿命要比那些仅仅得到提名的人长两年。)解析：(4).【f4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：在麦克爵士及其后继者所研究的等级制度森严的人群中，医学记录和在动物身上展开的实验都表明长

22、寿与调控压力的激素有关。)解析：(5).【f5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：拉伯伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士所得出的结论表明了高地位带来的是积极影响而不是负面影响，因为没能获得成功的被提名人决不会知道他们曾获得了提名。)解析：flexibility has become a key metaphor potently vivifying a variety of contemporary lifediscourses.【f1】as capital becomes more globalized and national economies increasingly integrated

23、on a global basis, flexibility becomes both a key goal in, and a means of, maintaining andincreasing economic competitiveness. organizations are expected to respond flexibly and rapidlyto market changes and a premium is now placed on the need for flexibility not only within workplacesbut also betwee

24、n them. within this context are located interlinking discourses of flexibleorganizations, flexible workers and a consequent perceived need amongst managers for flexiblestructures, modes and contents of learning to service these organizations and workers. 【f2】given this context, flexible learning can

25、 be seen as both a condition of and contributor to changesin the social and economic division of labor, the organization and management of work andproduction, and the management of workplace culture. flexible learning is also, from aneducational perspective, about the appropriate provisions required

26、 to meet such changes.traditional knowledge canons and pedagogics are increasingly seen as inflexible, challenged anddisplaced by more flexible contents and modes of learning regarded as more congruent with theflexibility in labor processes, markets, products and patterns of consumption.【f3】 all thi

27、shas contributed to accelerating the breakdown of the universitys monopoly of knowledgelegitimation and to a developing consciousness that the university is no longer the only orprincipal site in which valid learning occurs. as well as socio-economic and technologicalchanges, the significance of cha

28、nges in the cultural climate are an important means ofunderstanding the contemporary workplace. these latter, to a large extent, are both the causeand outcome of postmodernism as a generalized social consciousness that involves the underminingof foundations, centers of authority and canonical knowle

29、dge and more decentred forms of socialand economic organization. this has contributed to an acute consciousness of change, stimulationof diversity and difference and a consequent need to be flexible.【f4】 this simultaneous,continuous and rapid changein both the higher education sector and in contempo

30、raryworkplacesis both an outcome and a reinforcement of a perceived urgency for continuousadaptation and flexible approaches to learning. emerging in several oecd nations including theuk and australia are university led work-based learning awards.【f5】 these award programs can be aptly understood as

31、an instance of flexible learning, characteristic of a contemporarysituation that increasingly and significantly privileges learning as the term preferred overeducation. this is manifesting not only flexibility in learning but also a flexibility oflearning. this entails a reconfiguration of tradition

32、al educational principles ofdisciplines-based curricula, canonical texts, courses with fixed beginnings and ends, andface-to-face teaching.（分数：10.00）(1).【f1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：随着资本在全球范围内流动的加强以及各国国民经济在全球经济基础上的日益融合，灵活性已经是保持并增强经济竞争力的一个重要目标，也是实现这一目标的一种重要方式。)解析：(2).【f2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：鉴于这一背景，灵活式学习

33、可被视为社会经济中劳动力分配、工作与生产的组织管理以及企业文化管理等方面变化的条件之一，也是促进这一变化的动力之一。)解析：(3).【f3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：所有这些因素都有助于加快瓦解大学在正规学习上的垄断地位；同时也使人们越来越强烈地认识到，大学已不再是“有效”学习的唯一或主要场所。)解析：(4).【f4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：高等教育部门和现代企业内部正在发生的持续而快速的变化既是我们迫切要求不断适应环境和灵活学习的产物，同时，它又加强了人们对这两方面的紧迫感。)解析：(5).【f5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：在当前的教育环境下

34、，人们越来越频繁地用“学习”代替“教育”，这种“以大学为向导、工作为依托”的学习模式可以比较贴切地理解为当前教育形势的特色灵活式学习的一个典范。)解析：personality is to a large extent inherent a-type parents usually bring about a-type offspring.【f1】 but the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is importantto the parents, it is likely to become

35、 a major factor in the lives of their children. one placewhere children soak up a characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highlycompetitive institution. too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measuretheir success by sporting achievements.【f2】 the current pa

36、ssion for making children competeagainst their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitivea-types seem in some way better than their b-type fellows. being too keen to win can have dangerousconsequences: remember that pheidippides, the first marathon runner, droppeddead seconds aftersaying: rejoice, we conquer! by far the worst form of competition in schools is thedisproportionate emphasis on examinations. it is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrateon those things they do well.【f3】 the merits of