广东 RJ人教版 初中毕业生学业水平考试 升学考试 试题试卷 【2018年中考英语 真题 真卷】(含答案解析)

1、2018年广州市初中毕业生学业考试英语本试卷共四大题，12页，满分110分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、考点考场号、座位号，再用2b铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。2.选择题每小題选出答案后，用2b铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答

2、案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结東，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从115各题所给的a、b、c和d项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。xianxinghaiwasaveryfamousmusicianinchina.hewroteoneofthegreatestpiecesofmusicofthe20thcentury.inhisshortlifehewrote-1300songsandanopera.xianwasborninpanyu,guangdong,chinain19

3、05.becausehisfatherdiedbeforehewasborn,xianmovedfromplacetoplacewith-2mother.hebeganlearningtoplay_3violinwhenhewas20yearsold.inthebeginning,hisviolinwascheapandbadlymadethathe_5notplayitwell.hisfriendslaughedathim.xiandidnotstop6andsoonshowedhistalent.in1934,hewasoneofthefirstchinesestudents_7studi

4、edinaspecialmusicschoolinparis.beforehe8,xianbecametheschoolsbeststudent9wonseveralprizesforhistalents.in1935,hereturnedtochinaandhelpedfightagainstthejapanesearmy.later,hecametoyanan10musicatacollege.11therewerenopianosinyananatthattime,xianstillwrote12ofhismostimportantmusicthere,includingtheyello

5、wriverhismostfamouswork.第1页共15页inmay1940,xian13tothesovietunionbythechinesecommunistpartytowritemusicformovies.inthesovietunion,lifewasvery14.xiangotsickandlaterdiedofalungillness15october30,1945,agedonly40.xiansmusic,however,livesoninthepeopleshearts.1.a.near2.a.he3.a.a4.a.sob.nearlyb.himb.anb.such

6、c.nearbyc.hisc.thec.veryd.nearerd.hesd.thisd.muchb.may5.a.needc.shouldd.could6.a.practice7.a.what8.a.leave9.a.and10.a.teach11.a.if12.a.any13.asent14.ahard15.a.atb.practicingb.whichb.leavesb.butb.taughtb.althoughb.littleb.wassentb.harderb.inc.topracticec.whomc.leftc.asc.teachingc.whenc.fewc.hassentc.

7、hardestc.ond.practisedd.whod.wasleavingd.ord.toteachd.becaused.somed.wassendingd.thehardestd.by二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1625各题所给的a、b、c和d项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。beforegraduatingcollege,jackiebegantolookforajob.sheaimedatafamouscompany,butthe16forsuchjobswasverystrong.thecompanyjackiech

8、oseplannedtoemployonlyoneperson,butmorethantwentypeopleappliedforthejob.17,jackiewasoneofthethreepeopleinvitedforthefinalinterview.theinterviewwasvery18_.theintervieweraskedjustafewquestionsanditwasalloverinlessthan10minutes.thentheinterviewersaidtothem,allofyouareverygood.pleasegohomeand19ourrespon

9、se.”threedayslater,jackiereceivedamessagesayingshewouldnotbe20thejob.she第2页共15页feltdeeplydisappointed.thatevening.howevershereceivedanother21.thistimeitsaidthatshegotthejob.jackielaterfoundoutthatthefirstmessagesenttoherphonewaspartoftheinterview-a22toseeifshewassuitableforthejob.allthethreepeoplere

10、ceivedthe_23_text,butonlyjackiesreply24thecompanyofthethree,onedidnotreply.theothersaid“goodbye”andjackiesaid“thankyou”.thisreplyshowedthatjackiewasa/an25person,sothecompanyofferedherthejob.16.a.examb.workc.competitiond.plan17.a.thankfully18.a.long19.a.pickup20.a.offered21.a.letter22.aguideb.unlucki

11、lyb.strictb.waitforb.returnedb.e-mailb.conversationc.hopefullyc.interestingc.dealwithc.refusedc.callc.testd.immediatelyd.simpled.thinkofd.shownd.messaged.lesson23.a.sameb.otherc.secondd.whole24.a.reached25.a.braveb.satisfiedb.cleverc.helpedc.polited.surprisedd.honest三、阅读(共两节:满分45分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2

12、分,满分40分)阅读下列短文，从2645各题所给的a、b、c和d项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（a）forhiseleventhbirthday,linwasgivenagiftthatwouldshapehislife.onthatdayhisfathertookhimtothechildrensactivitycentreandsaidhecouldchooseanycoursethatinterestedhim.therewasjustonerequirement:linwouldhavetopromisetostudyitforatleastoneyear.tothatpo

13、intlinhadhadmanyhobbies,butnonekepthisinterestformorethanaweekortwo.hismumoncegavehimabagofstampstoencouragestampcollecting.thathobbylastedaweek.thenhisfathergothimsomepaintshopingthatlinsartisticsidewouldshinethrough.第3页共15页thosepaintswerenowunderhisbed,stillunopened.thistimelinsparentswouldlethimd

14、ecide.linseyesmoveddownthenoticeboardthatlistedallthecoursesonoffer.hestoppedatphotography.helikedtheideaoftakingbeautifulpicturesbutthenoticesaidthateachstudentneededtheirowncamera.althoughlinsfamilywerentpoor,theywerentricheither,andacameracostalotofmoney.hecontinuedlooking.thenextcoursetocatchhis

15、eyewaslanguageart.hedidntevenknowwhatthatmeant.hisfatherexplainedthatittaughtpeoplehowtomakepublicspeeches.lin,ashyboy,couldthinkofnothingworse.thenhesawit.cookingsoundedlikesomethinghedliketodo.itwasinexpensiveandconvenient,itcouldbedonealoneanditwasalsocreative.basedonlinshobbyhistory,hisdadhaddou

16、bts,butheagreed.muchtohisparentssurprise,linkepthispromise.hestudiedcookingatthecentreeverysaturday,andpractisedathome,makingdeliciousmealsforhisfamily.everyonelookedforwardtobirthdays,whentheycouldeathiscakes.lingotgreatsatisfactionfromthepleasurehisfoodbroughttoothers.themonthsturnedtoyearsbuthish

17、obbyneverchangedagain.nowlinisanadultandrunsasuccessfulrestaurant.whencustomerssaytheyenjoyhismeal,hestillgetsthesamepleasurehedidasachild,andremembersthespecialgifthereceivedallthoseyearsago.26.whydidntlinchoosetostudyphotography?a.itwastooexpensive.b.hehadnointerestinit.c.hewasnotverycreative.d.it

18、wasnotofferedthatterm.27.theunderlinedexpressioncatchhiseyeinparagraph4means“”.a.makehimexcitedb.causehimsurprisec.gethisattentiond.helphimseeclearly第4页共15页28.whichofthefollowingbestdescribeslinsinterestincooking?a.itonlylastedforashorttime.b.itseemedtomatchhischaracter.c.itwasforcedonhimbyhisparent

19、s.d.itdevelopedslowlyovermanymonths.29.whydidthefatherhavedoubtsaboutlinschoiceofcooking?a.linwasntgoodatcooking.b.cookingwasntveryconvenient.c.hedidntthinklinwouldcontinue.d.cookingwasntagoodhobbyforaboy.30.whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?a.astrictfatherb.achangeableboyc.thefunofcookingd.thebirthday

20、gift（b）expertsbelievethattherearemorethan8millionrestaurantsintheworldtoday.soitmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatrestaurants,asweknowthem,haveonlyexistedforafewcenturies.before1765,therewerenorestaurants.thatis,therewerenoplacesthatprovidedtherestaurantexperience.therewasnowhereinwhichawaiterbroughtyoufoo

21、danddrinkthatyoupickedfromamenu.infact,therewerenomenusanywhere.therewereeatingplacestravelerscouldgotocenturiesbeforethat.thecountrysidewasfullofinnsthatwouldservefood.andthereweretavernswhereonecouldgetdrinks.therichcouldalsoeatspecialmealspreparedbyprivatecooks.butnoneofthemcouldbecalleda“restaur

22、ant”.amancalledboulangerchangedthat.in1765,heopenedaplaceinparisthatsoldsoups(汤).onhissignheusedthewordrestauranttodescribewhathewasselling.atthattime,soupswereconsideredsomethingthatcouldhelprestore(恢复)yourhealth-infrenchthewordrestoreis“restaurer”-sohecalledthesoupsrestaurants.soon,peoplestartedbu

23、yingboulangerssoupsevenwhentheywerenotill.andovertime,peoplebegantousethewordrestauranttorefertoa第5页共15页placesellingsoupratherthanthesoupitself.morerestaurantsopenedinfrance,andpeoplebegantobuysoupsmoreoften.later,restaurantsinparisbegantoserveotherfoodbesidessoup.inthe1790s,menusstartedtoappear.byt

24、hemid-1800s,thereweremanytypesofrestaurantsthroughouttheworld.theunitedstatesofferedcoffeeshops.teahousesbecamepopularthroughoutchina.pariscreatedbeautifulrestaurantsfortherich.thebritishbegantocopythefrench,andtherestaurantideaspreadthroughoutthebritishempire.todaycitiesarefilledwithalltypesofresta

25、urants.dinershavemillionsofoptionsfromwhichtochoose.31.whatisthepassagemainlyabout?a.howrestaurantsdevelopedb.whatmadeagoodrestaurant.c.whocreatedthefirstrestaurantd.whyrestaurantsbecamepopular.32.accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatmaderestaurantsdifferentfromearliereatingplaces?a.restaurantsonlyserve

26、dfoodb.restaurantsweremoreexpensivec.restaurantsweremainlyincitiesd.restaurantshadalistofmealchoices33.whodidboulangerexpecttocomeandeatathisrestaurant?a.richpeopleb.sickpeople.c.travelers.d.workers.34.whenitwasfirstused.whatdidthewordrestaurantreferto?a.aperson.b.aplace.c.illness.第6页共15页d.soup.35.w

27、hendidrestaurantsbegintogrowinternationally?a.inthe1600s.b.inthe1700s.c.inthe1800s.d.inthe1900s.（c）manypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetearth.whatmanypeopledontknowisthatjunk(垃圾)hasbecomeaprobleminouterspacetoo.accordingtobbcnews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheearth

28、.andthesearejustthethingsthatwecanseefromthesurfaceoftheearthbytelescopes(望远镜).therearealsomillionsofsmallerpiecesofjunkthatwecantsee.objects,likebitsofoldspacerocketsorsatellites,movearoundtheplanetatveryhighspeedsfastthatevenaverysmallpiececanbreakimportantsatellitesorbecomedangeroustoastronauts.i

29、fthetiniestpieceofjunkcrashedintoaspaceship,itcoulddamagethevehicle.tomakethingsworse,whentwoobjectsinspacecrash,theybreakintomanysmallerpieces.forexample,whenau.s.satellitehitanoldrussianrocketin2009,itbrokeintomorethan2,000pieces,increasingtheamountofspacejunk.toreduceadditionalspacejunk,countries

30、haveagreedthatallnewspacetoolscanonlystayinspacefor25yearsatmost.eachtoolmustbebuilttofallsafelyintotheearthsatmosphereafterthattime.intheupperpartsoftheatmosphere,itwillburnup.manyscientistsalsosuggestingdifferentwaystocleanupspacejunk.inenglandscientistsaretestingametalnetthatcanbefiredintospaceju

31、nk.thenetcatchesthejunkandthenpullsitintotheearthsatmospheretoburnup.thegermansarebuildingrobotsthatcancollectpiecesofspacejunkandbringthembacktoearthtobesafelydestroyed.theproblemisbecomingmorechallengingbecauseweresendingmoreobjectsintospacetohelppeopleusetheirmobilephonesandcomputers,”saysmarcoca

32、stronuovo,anitalianspaceresearcher.,“thetimetoactisnow.thelongerweleavetheproblem,thebiggeritwillbecome”hesays.第7页共15页36.whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inparagraph2referto?a.telescopes.b.satellites.c.piecesofspacejunk.d.bbcnewsreports.37.whyisspacejunkconsideredaproblem?a.itbunsupafteritre-entersth

33、eatmosphereb.itoftenstopstheviewoftelescopesonearthc.itcouldforcenewspacetoolstotravelatslowerspeedsd.itmaycrashintootherspacetoolscausingdamageordeath38.countrieswantfuturespacetoolstobeabletofallbackintotheearthsatmospheresothat.a.thetoolscanbereusedlaterb.thetoolsdontbecomespacejunkc.theearthsatm

34、ospherecanstaycleand.theeffectsofspaceflightcanbestudied39.howdothegermansplantodealwithspacejunk?a.catchitwithnets.b.userobotstocollectit.c.burnitintheearthsatmosphere.d.senditfurtherawayfromtheearth.40.inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?a.environment.b.localnews.c.educatio

35、n.d.fashion.（d）scienceforkidsthismonthsmostpopularbooks第8页共15页1.womeninsciencebyrachelignotofskyprice$25specialofferforthismonthonly,allbestbooksweallknowthestoryofmariecurieandherbookclubmanyscientificachievements.butmanyothermemberswillpay20%lessforeverybrilliantfemalescientistsarefarlesswellbooko

36、rdered.joinourclubforfreeandknown.thisbookisagreatintroductiontothesavebigmoney!livesandworksofsomeofthemostimportantandup-to-nowunknownwomeninscience.recommendedforages:12-15ordernow2.firstbigbookofhowbyjillesbaumprice$15deliverywebringeverybookyouordernighttoanexcellentbookaboutsealifeforyoungourd

37、oorwithinthreedays.forbestbookschildren.thebookisdividedinto4parts,onebookclubmembersthisisfree.non-membersforeachofthepacific,atlantic,indianandmustpayanextra$2perbook.arcticoceans.itfocusesonthedifferentanimalsfoundineachoftheseseas,alongwithinterestingfactsandamazingpictures.ages:5-10ordernow3.ar

38、eallyshorthistoryofnearlyeverythingbybillbrysonprice$15billbrysontakesreadersonaveryfunnyandeducationaltripthroughthehistoryofmodernscience-fromitsunexpectedsuccessestoitsgreatfailuresandeverythinginbetween.ages:14andoverordernow4.nationalgeographicsfirstbigbookoftheworldbyjancarn.第9页共15页price$20thi

39、sbookistheperfectintroductiontothesevencontinents.ittellsyoungreadersaboutthedifferentanimalsthatliveoneachoftheselandsandgivesasimpledescriptionofthepeopleshistoryandculture.ages:5-12ordernow41.howarethebooksonthiswebpagelisted?a.byprice.b.bypopularity.c.byreadersage.d.bywritersname.42.whatistrueab

40、outthebookwomeninscience?a.itismainlyaboutmariecurieshistory.b.itlistsalltheimportantscientificachievements.c.itincludeswomenscientiststhatarentfamous.d.itismostlyaboutthedevelopmentofmodemscience.43.howmuchwillabestbooksbookclubmemberpayintotalifheordersfirstbigbookofhowandareallyshorthistoryofnear

41、lyeverythingtoday?a.$34.b.$30.c.$26.d.$24.44.aprimaryschoolstudentwhoneedstowriteasciencereportaboutafricanelephantsshouldchoose.a.womeninscienceb.firstbigbookofhowc.areallyshorthistoryofnearlyeverythingd.nationalgeographicsfirstbigbookoftheworld第10页共15页45.whatisthemainpurposeofthiswebpage?a.tosellb

42、ookstoyoungreaders.b.toattractnewbookclubmembers.c.toencouragestudentsinterestinscience.d.toreviewbooksyoungreadersmightlike.第二节阅读填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)阅读短文及文后ae选项，选出可以填入4650各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。mostofusthinkthetelephonewasinventedbyalexandergrahambell.46fact,anitaliannamedantoniomeucciwasofficiallyr

43、ecognized(认定)astheinventorafewyearsago.whoismeucciandwhywasntheknownforhisinventionatthetime?antoniomeucciwasborninitalyin1808.hestudiedengineeringanddrawing.duringhisstudies,meuccistartedtoexperimentwithelectricity.47whentwoplaceswereconnectedwithwire,peopleinthoseplacescouldheareachothertalk.in185

44、0,meucciandhiswife.ester.movedtonewyork.meucciwasworriedabouthiswife,becauseshehadbecomeveryill.48tosolvethisproblem,heconnectedmetalcablesbetweenhishomeandhisworkshop.thisway,theycouldtalktoeachotherconveniently.meucciinvitedagroupofpeopletoseehisnewinvention.theylistenedinamazementasthevoiceofasingerwasheardthroughthewires.49evenworse,meuccineverappliedforapatent(专利)onhisinvention.meanwhile,alexandergrahambellwasworkingonthesameideaandin1876thepatentforthetelephonewasgiventohim.in2002,morethanacenturyaftermeuccisdeath,hisworkwasfinallyrecognizedbythegovernment.50a.hedis