选修8 unit2 reading[向阳教学]

1、高二人教新课标版选修八 Unit 2 CloningUnit 2 Cloning Reading 1基础教学 Twins They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance. 2基础教学 A strawberry plant The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant. 3基础教学 一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎, 一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。 4基

2、础教学 富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活 The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting produce another new plant. 5基础教学 1996 cloning sheeps 6基础教学 2001 cloning cattle 7基础教学 我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多 2002年年5月月 中旬成功地中旬成功地 繁殖了一只繁殖了一只 胚胎细胞胚胎细胞 克隆兔。克隆兔。 8基础教学 2002 cloning cats 9基础教学 2002年年4月月16日日 美国第一头克美国第一头克 隆牛隆牛“艾米艾米” 产下牛犊喜

3、作产下牛犊喜作 妈咪。妈咪。 10基础教学 2005 cloning dogs 11基础教学 In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another. Pre-reading 12基础教学 1. What is a clone? A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells

4、 of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it. 13基础教学 2. How is a clone produced？ The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man- made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more comp

5、licated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading. 14基础教学 15基础教学 3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning？ Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile p

6、eople have babies. 16基础教学 4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned? People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets. 17基础教学 1. What is the main topic? A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It w

7、ill lead us to some places. 2. What is the writing style? A. Expositive (说明性的说明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (议论性的议论性的). A A 18基础教学 Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives diffe

8、rent points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind. 19基础教学 3. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the chara

9、cteristics of all three sheep. B 20基础教学 4. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usually dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one C 21基础教学 5. Whic

10、h of the following is not an advantage of cloning? A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned. D 22基础教学 6. Which of the following is

11、wrong? A. Cloned people could live forever. B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid. C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband. D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband. A 23基础教学 7. Which statement is NOT true? A. Cloning is so

12、mething that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning. A 24基础教学 8. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. it

13、s easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed B 25基础教学 9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg

14、 cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep 10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 C D 26基础教学 11. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal c

15、loning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future. D 27基础教学 12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in

16、 the text? A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals. C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings. D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature. D 28基础教学 13.

17、 We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were argum

18、ents about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning. D 29基础教学 Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph. 1.Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses. 3. The _ of Dolly. 4. The _ of clonging in society. 5. The attitudes towards cloning. a way of making an exact copy of another animal

19、and plant. problems two major effect 30基础教学 It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _. plants animals themselves humans Natural cloneMan-made clone Para 1: The definition of cloning 31基础教学 1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research 2. How many f

20、emale sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep? 3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born? 3 Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning 1996 32基础教学 About Dolly the sheep Encouraging news: Dolly developed _. Disturbing news: normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the l

21、ength of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly 33基础教学 The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. important Para 4: The impact of Dolly B 34基础教学 True or false: 1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world. 2. All the res

22、earch into human beings will be forbidden. 3. Some countries will use cloning in a wise way. Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloning Many governments forbade research into human beings. T T F 35基础教学 Hitler: an evil leader 36基础教学 意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生: 安蒂诺里安蒂诺里 冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的 科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶 37基础教学 1 Read t

23、he passage and answer these 1 Read the passage and answer these questions. questions. Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals. 38基础教学 2. Wh

24、y is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated. 39基础教学 3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first

25、clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half. Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons. 40基础教学 Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning Animals may Develop the illnesses of older animals. 2 Fill in the chart

26、. Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 41基础教学 Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals Evil leader may want to clone themselves. There are moral objections to cloning human beings. Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale. Cloning plan

27、ts can be useful for research on new plant species. Cloning can help save endangered animals. 42基础教学 3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it? I think the writer is because impartial he/she does not state any personal opinion

28、about cloning. 43基础教学 1. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎胚胎) for medical purposes? Why? 2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官器官) transplants? Why? 3. Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why? 4. Do you think cloned humans will have t

29、he same talents as the original ones? Why? Discussion 44基础教学 As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of plants. On the ot

30、her hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much troubles: such as moral questions. 45基础教学 Practice activity: Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it? 46基础教学 1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and

31、 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。 when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与 主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。 Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全国全国) A. unless B. since C. although D. when

32、 D 47基础教学 2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地偶然地)发生发生; 出现出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件事件; 偶然发生的事偶然发生的事 (常用复数常用复数) 辨析辨析: happen, occur, take place与与come about 四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意, 但有区别。但有区别。 happen 是一般用语是一般用语, 词义较广词义较广, 强调事情强调事情 发生的偶然性发生的偶然性; occur 用法较正式用法较正

33、式, 既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生, 也也 可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。 碰巧碰巧 (某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了 碰巧碰巧 48基础教学 1) When did the explosion _? 2) Important elections _ this fall. 3) The concert will _ next Sunday. 4) How did the quarrel _? occur take place come about happen Use the above words to fill in the blanks. take place 一般指有计划一般

34、指有计划, 按事先安排的按事先安排的 进行的含义。进行的含义。 come about 往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因, 常常 与与how 连用。连用。 以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词, 无被动语态。无被动语态。 49基础教学 2. straightforward adj. 简单的简单的, 易懂的，易懂的， 坦诚的坦诚的, 坦率的坦率的 straightforwardly adv. 率直地率直地, 坦诚地坦诚地 straightforwardness n. 率直率直 Jack is rough, but always straightforward. Instal

35、ling the program is relatively straightforward. She admired his straightforwardness. 50基础教学 3. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同意。同意。 The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然当然, 这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从

36、事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。 51基础教学 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。 1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。 2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行). 3) He _ _ _ _. (承担一项新任务承担一项新任务) undertook undertook a new task undertake a jorney 52基础教学

37、4. pay off (事业、计划等事业、计划等) 成功成功; 付清薪水并付清薪水并 解雇解雇; 偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。 pay back

38、 报答报答; 报复报复 53基础教学 用介词用介词back, off, to,填空：填空： 1) -Your effort is sure to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement. 2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground. 3) How can I pay you _ for all your kindness? 4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid _ all our debts

39、. off to back off 54基础教学 1) contain v. 包含包含, 含有含有 2) needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语, 修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词 genes, 构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。 5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。 55基础教学 辨析辨析:

40、contain 与与 include contain “包含包含, 含有含有”, 侧重于包含的内容或侧重于包含的内容或 成分成分, “里面装有里面装有”; include “包括包括”, 侧重范围或整体。侧重范围或整体。 e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain. contains contains including 56基础教学 6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from shee

41、p A are joined using electricity. 从绵羊从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。的卵细胞用电流使之结合。 1) using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。 2) 联手联手, 携手携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军参军, 连起来连起来 join hands join in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth. join up 57基础教学 take part in 指参加某项活动指参加某项活动, 并以积极的态度并

42、以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用； join “加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织； join in 指参加活动和游戏；指参加活动和游戏； join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事； attend 参加会议参加会议 (听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼) 辨析辨析: take part in, join, join in 与与 attend 58基础教学 7. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是

43、在正常地成长着, 这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。 “that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语是同位语 从句。从句。同位语从句可由同位语从句可由when/ where/ how/ why/ that/ whether等词引导。先行词多半是等词引导。先行词多半是idea/ fact / news/hope/ belief/ thought/ doubt/question等。等。 同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后, 用以说明用以说明 抽象名词的具体内容抽象名词的具体内容, 有时为了保持句子的有时为了保持句子的 平衡平衡, 同位语从句还

44、可以放在动词的后面。同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。 如如: Soon word came that we won. 59基础教学 8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 本句中本句中, 副词副词then放于句首放于句首, 主语是名词主语是名词“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语是同位语 从句从句, 句子用了倒装语序。句子用了倒装语序。 In the dark forests

45、_, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 辽宁辽宁) A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand B 60基础教学 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱扰乱, 使不安使不安, 弄乱弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的被扰乱的, 动乱的动乱的

46、, 不安的；不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。令人不安的。 特别提示特别提示: 现在分词表示现在分词表示: 令人怎么样令人怎么样 过去分词表示过去分词表示: 被使得怎么样被使得怎么样, 感到怎么样感到怎么样 61基础教学 如如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到感到)惊奇的人们惊奇的人们 用用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。填空。 1) Im very _ about Alice. 2) D

47、ont _ the papers on my desk. 3) This country is in a _ state. 4) What _ news it is! 5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. disturbed disturb disturbing disturbing disturbed 62基础教学 9. cast down 使沮丧使沮丧; 毁掉毁掉 (常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或 作表语作表语) Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness w

48、ere more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病发现多莉的病 更容易在年老的羊身上。更容易在年老的羊身上。 不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！打起精神来！ Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. cast away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃放弃; 丢弃丢弃 cast out 赶走赶走 63基础教学 1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _ 2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _ He was cast

49、 down to hear the news. Finding out the truth made him cast down. 将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。 64基础教学 10. altogether 和和 all together 及及 together 1) altogether adv. 总共总共, 完全地完全地, 总之总之, 总而言之总而言之 You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect. 2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一时间全部在同一地方或同一时间 Can you put

50、 your books all together in this box? 3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地 All his trouble seemed to come together. Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man. A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhow B 65基础教学 11. object v. forbidden) 禁止禁止, 不许不许, 妨碍妨碍, 阻止阻止 Governments became nervous and m

51、any forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。 Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共场所应禁止吸烟。公共场所应禁止吸烟。 Her father forbid her to go out alone. 她父亲不许她单独外出。她父亲不许她单独外出。 I forbid you entering my study. 我不许你进入我的书房。我不许你进入我的书房。 72基础教学 forbid sb. to do / f

52、orbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事 forbid sth. 禁止某事禁止某事 与与forbid 结构相同的词有：结构相同的词有： permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事； allow sb. to do / allow doing sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事； advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事/建议做某事建议做某事 73基础教学 1) The school _ _

53、 _ _ _ (禁止学生吸烟禁止学生吸烟). 2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (进入这个房间进入这个房间). 3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places. A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown 4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject again. A. mentioning B. to mention C. mention D. mentioned forbids the students to smoke enter the room A B 74基础教学 15. accum