[语言类考试复习资料大全]Environment

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全EnvironmentEnvironmentSection Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are

2、three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET

3、1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear a passage about the Kansas City computer system. Listen and complete the sentence in questions 6-10 with the informat

4、ion you ve heard. Write not more than 5 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. Noise is America s most widespread _ .答案:nuisance解析 1-5 Noise or unwanted sound is America s most widespread nuisance. But n

5、oise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people s health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is unaffected by this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, i

6、n fact, never closes and the body still responds-sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night. The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made

7、public annoyance the basis of many noise reducing programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. 2. Noise constitutes a real and present danger to _ .答案:people s health3. Noise can produce serious _

8、stress.答案:physical and psychological4. Legislators have made _ the basis of many noise reducing programs.答案:public annoyance5. The more subtle and more serious _ have been given much less attention.答案:health hazardsPart B For questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions w

9、ith the information you ve heard. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. What does runoff mean?答案:Water going to stream channels解析 6-10 When it rains or snows, some of the water is retained by the soil, some is absorbed by vege

10、tation, some evaporates, and the remainder, which reaches stream channels, is called runoff. Floods occur when soil and vegetation can not absorb all the water; water then runs off the land in quantities and can t be carried in stream channels or retained in natural ponds and constructed reservoirs.

11、 About 30% of all precipitation is runoff, and this amount is increased by melting snow masses. Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers, forming an area known as the flood plain. These river floods often result from the heavy rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers

12、 to overflow their banks; a flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance warning is called a flash flood. Flash floods usually result from intense rainfall over a relatively small area. Coastal areas are occasionally flooded by unusually high tides induced by severe winds over ocean

13、surfaces, or by tidal waves caused by undersea earthquakes. 2. What characteristics can be of a flood?答案:It happens suddenly and unexpectedly3. What is the passage mainly about?答案:Floods4. How much of all precipitation is runoff?答案:About 30%5. What forms flood plain?答案:Periodic floodsPart C You will

14、 hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. After listening, you will have time to choose your answers. You will hear each piece only once. Questions 11-13

15、are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. What do we learn about the use of solar energy in the USA?A.It is very well established.B.It is relatively new.C.It is found in one million homes.D.It is being rapidly expanded.答案:D解析 11-13 L

16、ittle by little, Americans are turning to solar power, tapping the strength of the sun for energy. Solar energy is only in its infancy, however, sunlight has already been used for heating or cooling homes and office buildings in the sunny south. Experts say all signs point to the birth of the solar

17、energy industry. Right now, an increasing number of companies are selling solar collector panels to heat and cool homes or to heat water. The glass and metal panels cost from 100 to more than 500 each, and the three or four bedroom homes usually require a dozen or more. They look like sandwiches, or

18、 very narrow flower boxes, 3 to 6 feet in width, 8 to 10 feet long, and 4 to 8 inches thick. They are usually placed in rooftops. Nobody knows how many have been sold, and in addition, many people have built their own units. It has been estimated that solar power equipment will be a 1.3 billion indu

19、stry by 1995, and more a million homes will use sunlight for heat, air conditioning or to generate electricity, both in the cities and in countryside. 2. Which is not true about solar heat collector panels?A.They look like sandwiches.B.They can heat but not cool homes.C.They cost about 300 each.D.Th

20、ey are placed on rooftops.答案:B3. How many solar heat panels do three or four bedroom homes usually need?A.Three or four.B.Five or six.C.Seven or eight.D.Twelve or more.答案:D Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 4. Wh

21、at is the main topic of the lecture?A.Bicycles and cars.B.Building codes.C.Energy conservation.D.New housing construction.答案:C解析 14-16 For the past few weeks we have been discussing national energy conservation alternatives for the future. Today I am going to talk about what one community is present

22、ly doing to conserve energy. The people of Davis California have succeeded in cutting their energy consumption by one third since 1973. The first energy saving action that was taken in the early 70 s was the legislation of strict building codes; all new houses in Davis must have the proper insulatio

23、n so that heat will not escape unnecessarily in the winter. New houses also face north or south so that they will not be overheated by the sun in summer. The laws have had a definite effect. Since 1976, there has been a 50% saving in the amount of natural gas and electricity used in heating and air

24、conditioning. There are other energy saving features about Davis. Buses, partially supported by the city, transplant university students throughout the area. There are twenty-four miles of bicycle paths and today there are twice as many bicycles as cars in the city. By reducing the available parking

25、 space the city council has succeeded in reducing the number of cars in the city every day. Another benefit of the reduced parking space is the greater number of small cars. People are saving gas because they are choosing not to drive or because they are driving fuel economic cars. Davis California

26、has become an energy saving model for other cities. Time is up for today. Next week we will return to our regular topic of national energy alternatives. 5. Why is insulation required in new houses?A.To limit discussion on heating bills.B.To prevent heat loss.C.To determine temperature in homes.D.To

27、convert homes to electric heat.答案:B6. What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south?A.To avoid direct sunlight.B.To limit space used.C.To keep out the cold.D.To conform to other houses.答案:A Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questio

28、ns 17-20. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 7. What s the talk mainly about?A.Green house effect.B.Garbage treatment.C.Environment protection.D.Over-packaging problem.答案:C解析 17-20 Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome. I m sure we have all heard the expression, Think Green. Tonight we are going to talk

29、 about ways that we can Act Green in our everyday lives. The best place to start, of course, is the home. Every day, people all over the world are hurting the environment without even knowing it. For example, busy families buy paper napkins and plastic food wrap at the supermarket. Tins helps them s

30、ave time on housework, but after these things have been used, what happens to them? They go in the trash. In many places, especially in the North America, big cities are running out of places to throw their trash, what can we do about it? How can we cut down on garbage? Well, we can start using clot

31、h napkins and cloth towels instead of paper towels. When we go grocery shopping, we can choose products that are not over-packaged. For example, last week I bought a package of cookies. The cookies were in a bag, there was a plastic tray inside the bag, and then each cookie was in its own little pac

32、kage on the tray in the bag! That s over-packaging! We should also take our own bags to the grocery store to carry things home in. Cleaning products are another danger. Dangerous cleaning products enter our water supply every day. Of course, everyone wants a clean house, so what s the answer? For on

33、e thing, we could make our own cleaning solution from baking soda, lemon, and vinegar. Now, what about in the community? At work and school, we use one very valuable item every day. Paper, of course, we need paper to do our work, but how much do we waste? Does your school or office recycle paper, le

34、arn to make notepads from unused sides of old pieces of paper. Perhaps the most important thing we do is to ask our schools to teach recycling to young children. We should teach them to be careful; we should teach them not to litter. We should also teach them by being good role models and recycling

35、as much as we can every day! Finally, plant a tree. Better yet, plant two trees. 8. Whats the problem with paper napkins and plastic food wraps?A.They can t be recycled though they help people save time on housework.B.They become trash and therefore are harmful to the environment.C.They add cost to

36、the product and thus make it more expensive.D.Sometimes they are not strong enough to hold the purchase.答案:B9. What does the speaker suggest people should do when they go shopping?A.Avoid over-packaging products.B.Use cloth napkins and cloth towels.C.Not buy any products with plastic wraps.D.Take th

37、eir own bags to hold things in.答案:D10. What can we do to avoid the waste of paper?A.Learn to make notepads from unused sides of paper.B.Cut down on paper consumption.C.Teach children not to litter.D.Stop using paper towels.答案:ASection Use of English Read the following text, choose the best word for

38、each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSEER SHEET 1. In the United States, the 1 to protect plant and animal 2 has become a 3 controversial and 4 political issue since the 5 of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, 6 to protect species living areas, and policies that 7 land and forest

39、s compete with economic interests. In the 1990 s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were 8 legally in their 9 to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was 10 to protect the endangered spotted owl, whose remaining population occupies these forests and 11

40、 the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists 12 those of corporations and of individuals who 13 to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992. Similar 14 e

41、xist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be 15 , with populations growing so ra

42、pidly that using the land is a 16 to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation. Many of the changes to Earth that 17 scientists have the potential to 18 the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth s ozone layer, for example, could 19 to the general process of impoverishm

43、ent by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could 20 species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and p

44、reserve intact Earth s complex web life. 1.A.requireB.needC.wantD.lack答案:B解析 表示“需要”之意。2.A.kindsB.speciesC.sortsD.types答案:B解析 表示“物种”之意。3.A.highlyB.veryC.extremelyD.quite答案:A解析 表示“极其，程度很高”之意。4.A.sharplyB.bitterlyC.brightlyD.intensely答案:A解析 表示“问题很尖锐”。5.A.passageB.passingC.adoptionD.carry答案:C解析 表示“法案的通过

45、”。6.A.intendedB.aimedC.designedD.planned答案:C解析 表示“事先计划好的”之意。7.A.conserveB.defendC.preserveD.maintain答案:C解析 表示“保持，维持”之意。8.A.confrontedB.defiedC.challengedD.questioned答案:C解析 表示“被质疑”，是较为正式的用法。9.A.attemptB.trialC.endeavorD.venture答案:A解析 此处表示“尝试，试图”之意。10.A.mountedB.advancedC.ascendedD.set答案:A解析 此处表示“增加”，

46、主要指强度上的。11.A.commandsB.demandsC.wantsD.requires答案:D解析 此处表示“要求，需要”。12.A.againstB.toC.withD.for答案:A解析 此处表示“对抗”。13.A.stoodB.boreC.got upD.continued答案:A解析 此处表示“持续”之意，表示一直处于失业状态。14.A.situationsB.tensionsC.circumstancesD.conditions答案:B解析 此处表示“紧张状态”。15.A.poorB.miserableC.impoverishedD.pitiful答案:C解析 此处表示“贫困

47、的”，是较为正式的用法。16.A.meansB.wayC.methodD.tool答案:A解析 此处表示“方法，手段”。17.A.affectB.concernC.relate toD.trouble答案:B解析 此处表示“引起的关心或关注”。18.A.stealB.burglarizeC.robD.loot答案:C解析 “rob.of.”为固定搭配，意为“使失去”。19.A.donateB.giveC.provideD.contribute答案:D解析 “contribute to”为固定搭配，意为“为做出贡献”。20.A.wipe outB.eliminateC.abolishD.exte

48、rminate答案:A解析 “wipe out”为固定搭配，意为“消灭”。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read all the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Passage 1 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food

49、supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and

50、 industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry s and our recognition tha

51、t protecting mankind s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is dem

52、anding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us

53、who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned

54、 in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the qual

55、ity of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can

56、 finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 1. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _ .A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures答案:A解析 从文章开头可以看出