雅思写作基础训练之时态与语态

1、雅思写作时态与语态五种时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时一、一般现在时用法系动词的一般现在时形式： am( 当主语是I 时 ) ， is( 当主语是第三人称单数时)， are( 当主语是you或是复数概念时) ，动词 have 的一般现在时形式有has( 当主语是第三人称单数时)和 have( 当主语是I ，you 或复数概念时)，其他动词一般显示的第三人称单数形式：在此为加 -s 或-es ，复数形式使用动词原形。一般现在时用法一：?表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作：Tom wears a belt round his waist.汤姆腰里围了一根皮带。The train go

2、es backwards and forwards between the two towns.这列火车在两座城市间来回开。【注】询问某人的习惯时，有时还可用ever ：“Do you ever eat meat?” “No, I never eat meat.你”“吃肉吗?”“从不吃肉。”一般现在时用法二：?表示现在的能力、特征、职业等：He sings well.他唱歌唱得好。Mr. Smith teaches French.史密斯先生教法语。一般现在时用法三：?表示现在 (或经常性 )的情况或状态：The sick child is better today.生病的孩子今天身体好点了。I

3、 enjoy songs such as this one.我欣赏这样的歌曲。I like all musical instruments except the violin.除了提琴我什么乐器都喜欢。一般现在时用法四：?表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在：Summer follows spring.春去夏来。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 扩展 在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时If we think of a lecture we listened to wi

4、th great concentration, we will recall the lecturersappearance and mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn.还有讲座，我们但是曾多么全神贯注的聆听，但现在可以轻松记起教授的外贸和招牌动作，礼堂中自己当时的位子，连空调的毛病也还记得，却很难回忆出当时讲座的主题。在 see(to it)， take care在宾语从句中，

5、用一般现在时表示将来时Please see that all the windows are fastened properly.请确保把所有的窗户都关好。Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim?请务必让孩子们在游泳后吃顿热饭好吗?二、一般现在时的例句1、表示经常发生的动作或反复出现的情况The riots and fighting often occur at the World Cup and other football competitions.在世界杯和其他足球比赛中，经常发生骚乱和斗

6、殴。People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.再决定什么可以吃而什么不可以吃的时候，人们往往变得不合情理。2、表示当前的情况或状态Snails are great luxury in various parts of the world.蜗牛是世界上许多地方的一道珍馐佳肴。Harry keeps a large curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study.哈里在他的书房一直

7、摆着一只强行怪状的大瓶子。3、表示客观事实或永恒真理Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries.土壤侵蚀无论在富国还是穷国，都会威胁到土地的生产力。The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.英语中有一个生动的说法来形容这种情况。打工对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响。Taking part-time jobs exerts profoundimpacts on o

8、ne s future career.国际旅游业促进经济发展。International tourism promotes the economic development.现在进行时：表示逐渐的过程is developing rapidly/dramatically.现在完成时：表示结果，一般表示变化大，发展了。注意常用搭配：In recentyears,In the pastdecadesBy the end of时for+间段，since+ 时间点/时间段+ago/+句子最近几十年期间，世界发生了巨大的改变。In the past decades, dramatic changes ha

9、ve taken place in the world.最近几年，科技极大的改变了人们的生活。In recent years, technology has reshaped peopleslife.或者：科技的发展给人们的生活带来了许多变化。The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people犯罪率急剧上升。The crime rate has increased sharply.一般将来时：will do一般将来时例句，如下：1、表示习惯或者倾向All I said, teach

10、ing could have a minimal effect on children. All children can learn something, but children without natural ability will be behind those who have it.我认为教学对孩子的作用很小。所有孩子都能学点东西，但没有天子的孩子会落后于天生聪慧的孩子。Porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them fromsharks by surrounding

11、 them in defensive formation.海顿会把落水者推到睡眠使其得救，或者在落水者周围形成一个保护圈使其免遭鲨鱼的袭击2、表示在将来出现的情况或者发生的动作。On the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs have not been met.另一方面，建造水坝，水渠和其他水利基础设施仍势在必行，发展中国家尤其

12、亟需它们满足本国居民基本生活需求。I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all.我要你们200% 地注意并参与进来。If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recallperioheral details the color, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it than

13、the content on which we were concentrating.试着回想一下几个月或者几年前度过的书就会发现，所有无足轻重的细枝末节，如那本书的颜色、装订、字体、甚至读它时坐的那张图书馆的桌子，都记得一清二楚，但我们曾专注度过的内容，却被抛诸脑后。电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用，但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位。Computers will play an increasingly critical role in education, but it is not possible that they could replace teachers in th

14、e classroom.2语态问题：主动为主，搭配被动。常见被动语态结构：be doneAm, is, are doneIs being doneHave/has been doneWill be donePriorities should be given to education.改错题：错例 1： Itis obvious that comparing with its drawbacks，the rise of English as aglobal languagecan bring us a lot of benefits.很明显的是，相对于它的弊端，英语作为全球性语言的崛起会带给我

15、们更多的益处。(被动 )正解： Itis obvious that compared with itsdrawbacks， the rise of English as a global languagecan bring us a lot ofbenefits.错例 2 ： Evidencesuggests that the poor are fail to seek medical treatment because of thecost.证据表明穷人因为费用的问题而不能得到治疗。(进行时 )正解： Evidencesuggests that the poor are failing to

16、 seek medical treatment because of thecost.错例 3 ： Airpollution and other kinds of pollution become worse as a result of theincreasingtraffic.空气污染和其他污染的恶化是交通流量加大的结果。Become 一般用完成时或进行时正解： Air pollution and other kinds of pollution have become worse as a result of the increasing traffic.错例 4 ： Alack of

17、job opportunities restrict school leavers independence ， either forcing them to remain at home and forcing them to move back home.缺乏工作机会限制了离校生的独立性，迫使他们留在家里或者搬回家里住。用将来时态，将会，表意愿正解： Alack of job opportunities will restrict school leavers independence，either forcingthemto remain at home and forcing them

18、 to move back home.用括号内所给动词的恰当形式填空。?Examiner: Howhas Wuhan changedrecently?Nikolas:Ithas becomemoreinternational,andmoreexciting.Inthelastfewyears,about ten new international restaurantsthem now with my friends. Ihavehave opened in my area alone and I ofteneatlots of international friends whocame/ha

19、ve comeintostudy at Wuhan University, and we oftenmeet in the evenings.? Assignment? You are working for a company. You need to? take some time off work and want to ask your? manager about this.? Write a letter to your manager. In your letter? explain? why you want to take time off work? give detail

20、s of the amount of time you need? suggest how your work could be covered while you are away? (剑 9 ，T4A ，W1)? 亲爱的 Jennifer:? 我写信给您，希望下月能请几天事假。? 3 月 21 日是我父母六十周年结婚纪念日。他们计划与儿? 孙共同庆祝这个具有重大意义的日子。为此，他们为全家? 租赁了一套大房子。?为了参加这个特殊的活动，我希望我能从19 号（周一）? 到 22 号（周四）请四天假。我那周的工作安排相对较松，? 除了两次客户会议。 Netta 可以替我参加，因为她也曾接待?

21、这两家公司，认识那里相关的工作人员。那几天，我就没? 有其他急需完成的工作量。? 如果您能同意我请假，我将非常感激。这短短的几天? 对我的父母和整个家庭而言非常重要。同时，我父母为我? 付出了很多，这也是对他们的一种报答。? 最美好的祝愿！? Dear Jennifer,? I am writing to request some unpaid leave next month. My parents 60th weddinganniversary is on March 21st, and they are planning to celebrate this significant achievement with all thei