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1、学号： 2006310385哈尔滨师范大学学士学位论文题目论简 爱中的 女性意识学生指导教师宋英杰讲师年级2006级 17班专业英语教育系别英语教育系学院西语学院哈尔滨师范大学学士学位论文开题报告论文题目论简 爱中的女性意识学生姓名指导教师宋英杰 讲师年级2006 级 17 班专业英语教育2010年 3 月说明本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下，要求学生认真填写。说明课题的来源 （自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务）、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。若课题因故变动时，应向指导教师提出申请，提交题目变动论证报告。课题来源：导师指导下自拟题目。课题研究的目的和意义：目的

2、：简 爱从妇女地位问题这一独特角度 , 通过女主人公简爱与罗切斯特之间的曲折的爱情故事 , 塑造了一个不屈服世俗压力、 独立自主、积极进取的女性形象。这一女性形象冲击了男性中心社会的妇女观念 , 较早地表现了女性意识的觉醒和觉醒女性的抗争 , 在文学史上有着重要的地位。 希望本篇论文的研究成果能有助于对西方女性意识的深入了解从而能更好的为中国的女性主义者所使用。意义：简 爱所展现给我们的是一种化繁为简，是一种返朴归真，是一种追求全心付出的感觉，是一种不计得失的简化的感情，它犹如一杯冰水，净化每一个读者的心灵，同时引起读者，特别是女性读者的共鸣。通过对简 爱中女性意识的研究和讨论有助于唤起全社会

3、对女性和女性问题的高度重视实现女性的自我意识、自我觉醒和身份认同，而且也意味着把自己置于有利的社会地位中打破男性中心的意识 , 克服统治和支配的傲慢感觉 , 懂得相互关联、相互依存和关爱的伦理, 从而建构亲密无间的人际关系 , 感受亲情 , 升华爱情 , 消除性别偏见和阶级压迫, 构建一个两性和谐的生态社会 。国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势：国外： 国外关于此课题的研究与探讨有很多。乔 亨刘易斯认为简 爱的作者“具备我们要求一个小说家具备的一切：对人物性格的洞察，以及刻画人物的才能；诗情画意；激情；生活知识。故事不单有一种奇特的、自然展开的、始终不渝的趣味”。西方性主义者们将简 爱读作女性反

4、抗父权制压迫的胜利 , 颂扬简 爱的自觉的“反抗的女性主义”。 同时桑德拉 吉而伯特及苏珊 古芭在阁楼上的疯女人里也认为疯女人伯莎就是女主人公简 爱心灵中的阴暗面 , 就是她一直想抑制的另一个凶悍的秘密的“自我” 。国内：郭笑梅论道： “简 爱这一形象虽有女性的温柔顺从等特征，但更多的是具有男性一样的坚强勇敢、主动积极等特征，而且在许多角色上她实现了与男主人翁角色地位的互换，担当起积极主动的主体性地位。简 爱体现了女性意识要实现男女平等的理想，她起到了鼓励女性起来追求平等、自由、独立的生活，以更加积极的生活态度，实现自身的主体地位的作用。 ”同时康丹在论夏洛蒂 勃朗特的妇女观 解读简 爱中的自

5、我意识和自卑心理就论述道：夏洛蒂勃朗特的女性经济独立意识、妇女自我觉醒意识，可以解读小说简 爱中主人公的自我意识和自卑心理 .发展趋势：国内外对相关课题的研究已经到达一定深度，对简爱的研究还在继续深化并将扩展到更广阔的领域。课题研究的主要内容和方法，研究过程中的主要问题和解决办法：主要内容：简 爱是英国十九世纪著名的批判现实主义女作家夏洛蒂 勃朗特的成名作也是她的代表作，写于 1846 年。作者以真实的女性体验，深刻的塑造到了具有强烈的叛逆意识和抗争精神的女性新形象。自其出版以来， 简 爱被赋予了极强的女权主义色彩。我认为简的女权主义反映在她不断抗争的一生当中。纵观简的一生，充满了四次反抗，每

6、一次反抗都意味着一次进步，最终，简在抗争中实现了自己的人生价值。通过这个形象，作者表达了女性主体意识的觉醒，宣扬了在爱情上、婚姻上两性平等的思想，提出了女性通过自我奋斗而争取独立自主和维护人格尊严的理想，表达了对女性解放的关注和思考 。主要问题：由于受到能力和水平的限制，对文学，女性意识的研究还不是很深，因此在本课题的研究过程中还存在一些困难，难以达到融会贯通、运用自如的程度，从而把这个课题彻底弄清楚，研究分析的过程远不够透彻 。解决方法：收集资料研读数目教师指导充分利用网络资源充分利用图书馆资源吸收和借鉴他人分析成果课题研究起止时间和进度安排：1. 2009 年 12 月 1 日至 12 月

7、 15 日：选导师及撰写论文方向。2. 2009 年 12 月 16 日至 12 月 31 日：与导师商榷论文题目。3. 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2010 年 3 月 10 日：撰写并提交开题报告。4. 2010 年 3 月 11 日至 2010 年 4 月 28 日：撰写并提交毕业论文。5. 2010 年 4 月 29 日至 2010 年 5 月 7 日：准备并参加毕业论文答辩。6. 2010 年 5 月 8 日至 2010 年 5 月 12 日：导师上交所有论文材料。课题研究所需主要设备、仪器及药品：无外出调研主要单位，访问学者姓名：指导教师审查意见：指导教师（签字）2010年 3

8、月 13日教研室（研究室）评审意见：理论教研室主任（签字）2010年 3 月 13日系（部）主任审查意见：英语系（部）主任（签字）2010年 3月 13日GRADUATION PAPER FOR BACHELOR DEGREEHARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITYTITLE: Analysis the Feminist Consciousness ofJane EyreSTUDENT: YANG Zhong-lingTUTOR: SONG Ying-jie (Lecturer)GRADE: Grade 2006MAJOR: English EducationDEPARTMENT: E

9、nglish Education DepartmentCOLLEGE: Faculty of Western LanguagesAnd LiteraturesMay 2010HARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITYAnalysis the Feminist Consciousness ofJane EyreYANG Zhong-lingAbstract: Jane Eyre was written by famous talented English critical realist woman novelist Charlotte Bronte in 1846. Base on re

10、al women sexperience, the author portrayed a new image of a woman who had strong fighting spirit and the rebellious consciousness.Since publication, the Jane Eyre had been given a very strong feminist color. Janefeminism was reflected in her constant struggle of alifetime. Throughout Jane itwaslife,

11、filled with four rebellions, and each rebellion meant a progress. In the end, she achieved her life value in the struggle. Through this image, the author expressed the awakening of women ssubjective consciousness promoted the idea of gender equality in love and marriage, proposed the idea of women s

12、 independence and human dignity by self-struggle and the fight and expressed concern about the liberation of women and thoughts.Key Words: Jane Eyre; feminist tradition; woman; resistance; ownership1. The Overview of Jane EyreJane Eyre was the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte who was a famous talente

13、dEnglish critical realist woman novelist in the 19th century. It had been popular with readers all over the world since its publication in 1847, although having more than 152 years by now. It was popular with lots of people because of its heroine Jane Eyre. In the early years of the 19th century Vic

14、torian Age, it was a male-dominated and “ money above all ”society, and women were regarded as second-class, unexpectedly, emerging a girl who disdains money and power and had a great courage to combat traditional injustice and oppression. Jane Eyre lifes was full of tears,misery, and starvation, bu

15、t she constantly strived to become stronger and has the courage to fight continuously for freedom and equality. She became strong-minded and persistent in struggling against her fate.1.1 The Life and Career of Charlotte BronteThe author, Charlotte Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on April 21, 1

16、816 and was one of the most famous female workers in English literature. In this period of tense class struggle appeared a new literary trend-critical realism. English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much v

17、ividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of theEngland society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. She created several works. ButCharlotte s first book,The Professor, never found a willing publisher during her lifetime. Charlotte wrote Jane Eyre later that yea

18、r which is her typical works. The book, a critique of Victorian assumptions about gender and socialclass, became one of the most successful novels of its era, both criticallyandcommercially .The narratorhabits of addressing the reader directly throughout thebook, making statements such as“ Gentle re

19、ader, may you never feel what I then felt,and “ reader, forgive me for telling the plain truth!” are quite effective in drawing threader into the action of the novel. On June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur BellNichols, her father s curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy.1.2 Hi

20、storical Background ofJane EyreThe period of Charlotte Bronte writing Jane Eyre was fighting for the democratic rights of the British proletariat age of rising charter movement; this movement rose of women s right to the status of important issues and put forward the slogan of power for women sfreed

21、om. They created pictures of bourgeois civilization, showing the misery and suffering of the common people. Although capitalist had appeared, oldconvention and prejudice remained dominant. Women were still regarded as the second-class hierarchy. At this time, women were employed as cheap labor and w

22、ere forced to do very hard jobs, and they did not get the vote until 1918. So in the lateperiod of Victorian Age, a feminist movement started fighting for women s equalityand freedom, and for their educational and employment opportunities. Petitions toparliament advocating women ssuffrage were intro

23、duced as early as in the 1840. Charlotte breathing the broad requirements of democratic rights of the people and according to their own teaching experiences portrayed an image of Jane Eyre.2. The Brief Introduction of Feminist ConsciousnessFemale consciousnessis woman sself-consciousness of status,

24、influence and value as the subject in the objective world. It is a personal motive to stimulate women s pursuit for independence, freedom, initiative, and creativity. Concretelyspeaking, female consciousness means women wake up and fulfill her historical mission, social responsibility, personal obli

25、gation; meanwhile they know their self-feature well and take part in social activities in their own ways.The establishment and development of female consciousnessis a process of changing and enrichment with the change and development of the society. The standards of female consciousness status are s

26、till in research. Peking Universityscholars Fu Xin and Wang Sufang claimed that the wakening and improvement of female consciousness s estmanifin four main aspects: Women realize themselves as the subjects in the society, this realization is one of the universal attributes of human beings, according

27、 to human beings overall necessities to establish their lives spontaneously; they realize women sspecial qualities and portray a real female quality in harmony with their physiology and psychology; they understand and play a variety of roles in balance; they regards man properly and can work with ma

28、n in harmony. I think the standards of wakening should include the sex consciousness, which requires women to be self-respective、 self-confident but not self-abased、 self-flabby; They can take a correct judgment on the two sexes, insisting on sexual equality, but not male superiority nor female infe

29、riority or woman supremacists; thefemale groups consciousness awakening begin with self-respect, self-confidence, independence, and towards to female groups -reliance.self3. The Feminist Consciousness ofJane EyreJane Eyre was a novel about one woman sjourney through life, so Charlotte Bronte describ

30、ed Janeexperiences and her four rebellions in detail to show theinferior position of the woman and the poverty of society. It gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that made us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her personality, She was a marvelous figure, and it was safe to sa

31、y that Jane Eyre gave readers treasure feminist tradition, such as self-respect, pursuit of equality and so on, through her four rebellions. Such as in the opening chapters of Jane Eyre indeed on its very first page there was writing with that special female ink trampled from the grapes of wrath and

32、 a female who had her say “ no”“. No-saying, for a womanwriter, is not quite the same unimportant thing it is for a man. The first and mostimportant qualification in a woman isgood nature or sweetness of temper.” At thevery beginning of Jane Eyre, there was a conversation between her and her aunt, M

33、rs.Reed, which can show her rebellion to some extent. “ Whatdoes Bessie say I havedone?”I asked. ”Jane, I didn tlikecavilers or questioners; besides, there wassomething truly forbidding in a child taking up her elders in that manner. Be seatedsomewhere; and until you can speak pleasantly, remain sil

34、ent.(Charlotte”Bronte,2003)3.1The First Rebellion Pursuit of Freedom and IndependenceChinese often say thatpeople schildhood in human life plays an important role. No matter what kind of doctrine, she recognized the experiences of Jane Eyre in her aunt family had a huge influence on her future perso

35、nality. Because her parents died, she was staying at her uncle s family.The important role that changed her from an orphan into having relatives Mr. Reed did not appear in Janelifes at the very beginning. As the original owner of Gates, Hyde, he should have the absolute right. Under his asylum, Jane

36、 Eyre should have been treated as a small master. However, also the role made Jane too early to leave. Being confined to red house, Jane cannot ask for help but wonders: “ IfMr. Reed still alive, I must be treated very well. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2003) However, such a person also caused the ultimate

37、success of Jane s defectionBefore. she came into the red house, Jane was a person who used to endure. Jane often sit on the windowsill, covered up by the curtain, she did not want to get attention. However, faced with her unreasonable cousin, Jane cannot always hide. Therefore, she used to obey John

38、. “ Ihave not only understood John. Reed s curse, but also never wanted to retort, I thought only to survive the beat . ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2003)In the Red House, Jane sthought was complex and multi -change, she thought she should be free and protest. She suspected herself as a mediocre new person.

39、Finally, she deeply understood that Mr. Reed had been dead. These understandings made her wake up from self-pity and instead have created an enormous sense of apprehension. This fear made her humble to her aunt. Aunt s impatience made Jane psyche to understand that her aunt thought she was a vicious

40、 nature, despicable idea, and insidious cunning person. Jane began to realize that she wanted to leave. Jane was accustomed to the life, which was not seam to be a master. Mr. Reed s deathmade Jane understood that she couldntlive there. If we said that Mr. Reed was once asimple hope lies for Jane, t

41、hen his death was fuse despair. And such despair made Jane escape from the habits of life.From Janejourneys of life, we had learned that she was exposed to a hostile environment. But she still struggled continuously and fearlessly for her ideal life. The story could be interpreted as a symbol of the

42、 independent spirit.3.2 The Second Rebellion Pursuit of OwnershipJane came to Redwood after she escape fromGates head, compared to theravages of the mind and spirit, the living of poverty in redwood not hurt Jane. She metnew friends, and increased in knowledge. Jane felt that she would never get the

43、 poorlife of Redwood in return for the luxury of Gates head. But here, Jane still had acompetitor Mr. Brocklehurst. In the redwood, Mr. Brocklehurst enjoyed an absoluteright. From the first time they met, Brocklehurst gave a great distrust to Jane. In theearly days, Jane often fell into the “ highst

44、ool ”of fear. And when that day came,Janehearts was extremely angry, and she even had “ difficulty in breathing, throattightening” “ difficulty in breathing, throattightening” of the situation, however, theemergence of Helen and the Temple of the teachings in time to curb this strongself-esteem girl

45、angers However, it was extremely important that the two personswere not always accompanied in Janelife,s but itwas precisely because of theirleaving, which achieved Jane s another fight. Helen premature passing away, thiswasJanefirst face ofthe death, but the final conversation with Helen made Janeu

46、nderstood death was not terrible, which gave more fearless to this brave woman.Temple departurestook away with Janefellings -somewhat like a solid familyaffection and contact. Jane felt such a change by herself. The past emotions hadbecome active again. Jane began to go forward to that filled with a

47、ll kinds of hope andanxiety, excitement and excitement of the Heaven. This rebellion compared to the firstcase that also had a sense of ownership. Jane realized sensitively that she should go toa larger world to find her own value when there was not much nostalgia around. Suchwas a pro-active rebell

48、ion, which was strongly advocated by the feminist.3.3 The Third Rebellion Pursuit of Equality and Freedom of loveIn Thorn field, she met the third oppressor, Mr. Rochester, who she fell in lovewith and he fell in love with. After an arduous lifeofexperience, Janethinkingsbecame moremature. In the br

49、utal, arbitrary faceof Rochester, Jane alwaysperformed neither haughty nor humble. In the course of love with Rochester, Janepursuit a kind of equality and freedom love. This ultimately left over for her down thehint. Mostwriters agreed that the theme of Jane Eyre was the search for love.Lawrence ha

50、d said:“ The novel is revolutionary in its treatment of love(Blackburn,”2002). Rochester s oppression id not come from the fact that Rochester wanted tomarry Jane withouttelling her his mad wife story. Here the point was thatRochester slove oppressed Jane and jeopardized her independence. When they

51、prepared things for marriage, Rochester said, “ Iwill myself put the diamond chainaround your neck, and the circlet on your forehead and I will clasp the bracelets on these fine wrists, and load these fairylike- fingers with rings ” (CharlotteBronte,2003).He used visible jewelry to limit Jane invisi

52、bly. Jane felt that she was oppressed; She felt Rochester s smile had “ such a sultan might, bestow on a slave his gold and gems had enriched ” (CharlotteBronte, 2003), and she, herself, just like the east illusion, was without freedom. Jane knew, facing Rochester, she was no longer as independent a

53、s before. In this not a long time, Jane had a fierce inner struggle, she felt she had been caught in infatuation, willing to contribute her everything to him, but it is the efforts made and reminded her to be the master of her own soul. She became much more reasonable when she knew that the existenc

54、e of Bertha Mason. She strongly opposed to Rochester romantic behavior, so the church and the government still believed thathe married a woman with ties to other circumstances; she refused to live with the Rochester.Then, after three days of wandering, the Rivers admitted Jane and there she metthe fourth oppressor, St. John Rivers. He was idealistic, very good-looking, religious and zealous. He turned egotism and ambition to the service of religion