牛津译林版高一英语必修一名师教学辅导资料汇编

1、unit 1school life词汇详解1.at ease安逸；自由自在【典型例句】his mind was never at ease from the first day he got married.从结婚的第一天起,他心里就没有平静过。after the doctors visit, the patient felt at ease.经医生出诊看过后,病人感觉好多了。【相关链接】(1)with ease=easily熟练地；轻而易举地she won the 400m race with ease.她轻松赢得了400米比赛。(2)ill at ease不安；心神不宁this made

2、me ill at ease.这使我局促不安。(3)ease up/off减轻；放松；放慢速度we waited until the traffic had eased off.我们一直等到交通缓解。as he got older, he started to ease up a little.随着年龄的增长,他放慢了工作节奏。(4)ease sb. out (尤指故意为难)迫使某人离开（工作岗位等）2. attend v. 出席；参加； 护理；照料【典型例句】he was badly wounded. three nurses attended on him.他严重受伤,三个护士护理他。di

3、d you attend the meeting yesterday?你昨天参加会议了吗？【相关链接】(1)attend的常见搭配:attend to处理；对付；照料；关怀i have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要处理。a nurse attended to his needs constantly.有一位护士经常照料他的需要。attend school上学attend classes上课attend a lecture听讲座attend church去教堂attend (at)a wedding出席婚礼(2)attend, join, t

4、ake part in和join in辨析join指加入某一组织或团体,成为其中一员。take part in通常指参加某项活动,与join in意义相同,可以互换。join in还可以构成join sb. in sth./doing sth.,表示与某人一起做某事或加入正在做的事。attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。3. next to 靠近;仅次于;几乎是【典型例句】peter sat next to paul on the sofa.彼得挨着保罗坐在沙发上。my horse came next to last (last but one) in the race.我的马在比赛

5、中得了倒数第二名。【相关链接】next to nothing/none差不多没有;很少next but one再下一个;相邻第二个4. earn vt. 赢得;获得【典型例句】his achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就赢得人们的尊敬和仰慕。how much do you earn a week?你一周赚多少钱?【相关链接】(1)earning n .收入;所挣的钱(2)常见搭配:earned income劳动收入earn ones living =make a living谋生earn money=make money5. r

6、espect n.&vt. 尊敬;敬重【典型例句】the students have/show great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。give my respects to your parents.请代我向你的父母问好。ill respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。【相关链接】show/have respect for sb.尊敬某人respect oneself 自尊respect ones elders 尊敬长辈respect ones wishes/rights 尊重愿望/权利in every r

7、espect 在各个方面6. achieve vt. 达到(某目标、地位、标准)；得到；完成；实现【典型例句】he finally achieved success.他终于获得了成功。i havent achieved very much today.我今天没做成多少事。by hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力任何事情都会成功。women havent yet achieved full equality in the workplace.在工作领域,妇女还没有取得完全平等的地位。china has achieved the highest

8、rate of economic growth in the world this year.今年中国实现世界最高的经济增长率。he achieved nothing.他一事无成。we want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.我们希望所有的学生在各自选择的专业领域内都能有所成就。【相关链接】achieve success取得成功achieve victory取得胜利achieve ones goal实现目标achieve ones purpose达到目的achievement n. /完成；达到；/成就；成

9、功7. average adj. 普通的;平均的 n. 平均数【典型例句】it was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的产品。the average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.这个班级中男生的平均年龄为十五岁。an average of two students are absent each day.每天平均有两个学生缺席。【相关链接】above the average在一般水平以上；中上;在平均数以上on (the/an) average平均；按平均数计算;一般地说8. challenging adj.

10、 具有挑战性的【典型例句】it is a really challenging job.这真是一个具有挑战性的工作。how challenging it is to take up such a task.承担了那样一个任务真是具有挑战性。【相关链接】challenge n. 挑战；指责；艰巨的事 vt. & vi. 向.挑战；向.提出质疑；激发；要求only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有这样,我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。i hope that he pro

11、ves equal to the challenge.我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。he challenged me to play another tennis game.他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。he challenged my view on that matter.他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。9. for free 免费【典型例句】you can get it for free.你不用花钱。these pictures can be kept for free. you may take whichever you like.这些画可免费拥有。你喜欢哪一幅就拿哪一幅。【相关链接】

12、free of charge 免费free from不受.拘束的;没有.的free from无.的；免于.的10.extra adj .额外的；分外的；外加的；附加的 n. 额外的事物；另外收费的事物；(电影里的)临时演员；群众演员 adv. 额外；另外；外加；格外【典型例句】they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money.他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏,这样他们可以多挣一些钱。he does extra work and gets extra pay.他多

13、做一份工作,多一份收入。music is an optional extra at our school.我校音乐课为选修课,要另外收费。the rate for a room is 30,but breakfast is extra.一个房间收费30英镑,但早餐另付。you need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes.你要格外小心,别犯错误。unit 1school life词汇详解11. preparevt. 使作好准备；把.预备好；防范；准备；配制【典型例句】an outline will prepare you to write

14、a better story.提纲可以帮你更好地写出这个故事。a hotel room is being prepared for them.正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。the whole class is working hard preparing for the exam.全班都在用功准备考试。the police are preparing themselves for trouble at the demonstration.警察正在准备防范示威时可能出现的骚乱。he was in the kitchen preparing lunch.他在厨房做午饭。【相关链接】(1)名词prep

15、aration的意思是准备；预备。常见结构有:in preparation (for)（为.）准备the team has been training hard in preparation for the big game.为备战这场重要比赛,队伍一直在严格训练。make preparations for/to do sth.为.作准备we are making preparations to fly mr goodall to the nearest hospital.我们在准备用飞机把mr goodall送到最近的医院。(2)prepare, prepare for, get(be)re

16、ady辨析get/be ready意为准备好,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:1)get ready (for sth.)；2)get sth. ready；3)be ready(for sth.)；4)be ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事)prepare意为准备,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。prepare for意为为.作准备,for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。(3)prepare常见结构如下:prepare sth.准备某物(事)prepare sth. for sth.使.为.作好准备prep

17、are to do sth.准备做某事prepare for sth.为某事作准备prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有思想准备be prepared for sth.准备好应付某事12. miss vt.想念;错过;逃过；免于【典型例句】i know how you miss your mother.我了解你是多么地想念你的母亲。the hunter fired at the deer but missed it.猎人向鹿开了枪,但未打中。she missed going to the party on saturday.星期六她没能出席聚会。we narrowly miss

18、ed being killed by the explosion.我们差一点被炸死。【知识小结】miss表示错过,逃过时,后面可接动名词作宾语。13. experience n. （一次）经历；体验；经验v. 经历；经受；遭受；体验【典型例句】n. when i told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难,而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。in a journal,

19、 writers also record their experiences, ideas and afterthoughts about what they have seen.在游记中,作家们也把他们的经历、思想、见闻感受记录下来。v. everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives.每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。the child has never experienced kindness.这孩子从没受过善待。【知识小结】experience作（一次）经历；体验讲时,是可数名词；作经验讲时,是不可

20、数名词。【相关链接】（1)experienced adj.有经验的；熟练的；有见识的；老练的he is an experienced traveler.他是一位阅历丰富的旅行者。（2)be experienced in 在.方面有经验hes very experienced in looking after animals.他养动物很有经验。14.introduce vt.介绍；引见；主持（节目）；推行；传入【典型例句】will you introduce your friend to me? 请你向我介绍一下你的朋友好吗？will you introduce yourself? 请你作一下自

21、我介绍好吗? weve already been introduced.我们已经认识了。the next programme will be introduced by mary david.下一个节目由玛丽戴维主持。the company is introducing a new range of products this year.公司今年将推出一系列新产品。tomato was introduced into europe from america.西红柿被从美洲引进到欧洲。【知识小结】introduce后面要接sb. to sb.或sth. to sb.或sb. to sth.。【相

22、关链接】introduction n.介绍；引见；引进；推行；序言；引言our speaker today needs no introduction.我们今天的发言人就不必介绍了。by way of introduction, let me give you the background to the story.作为引言,我先来介绍一下故事的背景。15. recently adv.最近;近来【典型例句】ive only recently begun to learn japanese.我只是最近才开始学习日语的。this book was published recently.这本书是最近

23、出版的。【知识小结】recently在句中作时间状语,常与现在完成时连用,偶尔也与一般过去时连用。【相关链接】recent adj.最近的in the recent ten years在最近十年16. develop v.发展；发生；产生；开发；加工；冲洗【典型例句】you should try your best to develop a business.你应该尽力扩大业务。he has developed the habit of making notes while reading.他养成了读书记笔记的习惯。can you develop this film for me?你能给我冲这

24、个胶卷吗?he works in a developing area in shanghai.他在上海的一个开发区工作。the child is developing normally.这个小孩发育正常。the company develops and markets new software.这个公司开发了新软件,并投入市场。she developed the company from nothing.她白手起家开起了公司。【相关链接】development n. 发展；开发with the development of.随着.的发展developing adj.发展中的developed

25、adj. 发达的china is a developing country while america is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家,而美国是一个发达国家。unit 1 school life单词详解17. donate vt. 捐赠;捐献;赠予【典型例句】she donated her books to the library.她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。cong fei donated his cornea as his last will before he passed away.丛飞在去世前,捐献了他的角膜,作为他最后的遗愿。【相关链接】donat

26、ion n. 捐献donator n. 捐献者she made a donation of $5000 to the childrens hospital.她捐了5000美元给儿童医院。18. attention n. 注意;关注【典型例句】let me have your attention!请注意听我讲话!the children paid attention to the teacher.孩子们专心听老师讲话。【相关链接】(1)attentive adj. 注意的；专心的；留意的(2)短语搭配:bring sth. to sb.s attention使某人注意某事call/draw/in

27、vite sb.s attention to sth.促使某人注意某事pay attention to注意；重视；倾听19. please vt. 使满意;取悦vi. 愿意;喜欢interj .(礼貌用语)请【典型例句】what pleases you best?你最喜欢什么?-may i come in?我可以进来吗?-come in, please.请进。go where you please.你想去哪儿就去哪儿。she is most pleasing in manner and appearance.她的外貌和举止都非常讨人喜欢。we are very pleased with our

28、 new house.我们对我们的新居很满意。【知识小结】please的过去分词和现在分词都已转化为形容词。pleased adj. 感到满意的;感到高兴的pleasing adj. 令人满意的;令人高兴的【相关链接】(1)pleasure n. 愉快,快乐,乐事pleasant adj. 令人愉快的,舒适的=pleasing(2)短语搭配:as you please 随你的意思,随你喜欢be pleased with对.满意/高兴if you please请,劳驾;对不起be pleased to (do)乐意;承蒙;肯20. regret v. & n. 对.惋惜,遗憾,抱歉,后悔，遗憾,

29、失望【典型例句】 vt . i regret being unable to come today.=i regret that i cant come today.很遗憾我今天不能来。he regretted having been careless.=he regretted that he had been careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。i regret having called him a thief, but i regret even more his stealing my watch!我把他叫做贼感到遗憾,更感到遗憾的是他偷了我的手表。i regret to

30、 say that i cant help you.很抱歉我不能帮你的忙。i regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment.我遗憾地通知你,我们不能雇用你。 n . i felt regret about what i said to him.我真后悔对他说了那些话。much to my regret, i must leave you now.我很遗憾地告诉你,我现在要离开了。we heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.听到你的计

31、划不能顺利进行,我们觉得很可惜。【知识小结】regret to do对要做的某事感到遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔【相关链接】i regret (to say)that.我很遗憾.；很抱歉.it is to be regretted that.使人遗憾的是.；真可惜.21. inform vt. 通知；告知【典型例句】the name of the dead man will not be released until his relatives have been informed.在通知其家属前,死者的名字不能公布。why wasnt i informed about t

32、his earlier?为什么不早点通知我这件事？please inform us of any changes of address.地址如有变动,请随时通知我们。walters was not properly informed of the reasons for her arrest.walters没有被告知被捕的原因。i informed my boss that i was going to be away next week.我告诉老板说我准备下周辞职。【知识小结】inform后常接介词of/about sth.。相当于tell sb. of/about sth.【相关链接】in

33、formation是不可数名词,意思是信息；情报。i read an interesting bit/piece of information in the newspaper.我在报纸上看到了一条有趣的消息。for further information (=if you want to know more), please contact your local library.想了解进一步的信息,请与当地图书馆联系。22. approve vt. &vi. 批准；通过；赞成【典型例句】im afraid your parents wont approve of your going the

34、re.我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。the teacher looked at johns work and approved.老师看了约翰的成绩表示赞许。【知识小结】approve of sb.（s）doing 赞成/准许某人做某事【相关链接】approval n. 赞成;赞许;批准we went to the party with our parents approval.我们取得父母同意后去参加聚会。23.continue 继续【典型例句】i had to leave, because my family could not continue to pay the school fee

35、s and the bus fare.我不得不辍学,因为我的家庭无法继续交学费和交通费。the exhibition continues until 25 july.展览要持续到7月25日。the rain continued falling all afternoon.这场雨整整下了一下午。are you going to continue with the project?你要继续做这个项目吗？i want you to continue as project manager.我想让你留任项目经理。【知识小结】(1)continue doing sth.=continue to do st

36、h.=go on doing sth.继续做某事(2)continue还可以用作系动词,后接形容词或介词短语作表语。the weather will continue fine at the weekend.周末天气将保持晴朗。【相关链接】go on doing, go on to do, go on with, continue辨析go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事。go on to do sth.指接着做另外一件事。go on with sth.指继续同一件事,with 后能接名词、代词,不能跟-ing 形式。continue 可以表示继续同一件事,也可以表示继续做另一件事。

37、该词有以下用法:continue.+ n .；continue doing/to do24. require vt. 需要；要求、命令【典型例句】the roof requires repairing.屋顶需要修理了。the director required that we should work all night.主任要求我们通宵工作。all students are required to take this examination.要求所有的学生都参加这次考试。you require too much of me.你对我的要求太过分了。【知识小结】(1)require作需要解时,结构

38、如下:sb. /sth require+名词或代词sth. require+doingsth. require+to be done(2)require作要求、命令讲时,结构如下:require+名词require sb.of sth.require sb.to dorequire that sb./sth.(should)do 【相关链接】（1)request表示请求；要求时,常含有正式或礼貌地请求对方做某事。the guide requested that her visitors (should)not park their cars at the gate.向导要求她的客人不要把汽车停

39、在大门口。（2)demand表示权威性和断然地向对方提出请求。它比require更具有积极和强硬的口气。the policeman demanded that the girl (should)tell him everything she knew.那个警察要求女孩讲出实情。25.used to do (过去)常常【典型例句】harry also learns to be brave and to do things he used to be afraid of.哈利也变得大胆了,敢于做过去不敢做的事。when i worked on a farm, i used to get up at

40、 5 a.m.我在农场劳动时,总是早上五点起床。we used to go sailing on the lake in summer.从前,我们经常在夏天泛舟湖上。i didnt use to like him much when we were at school.以前我们是同学时,我并不太喜欢他。you used to see a lot of her, didnt you?你过去常见到她,是吗？i used to smoke, but i dont any more.我过去常吸烟,但现在已不吸了。【知识小结】(1)used to do常用来指过去的动作或习惯,暗含现在已不再如此的意思。

41、该词组只有过去式一种形式。(2)used to do的否定形式为used not to do,可缩写为usednt/usent,口语中可用didnt use.。【相关链接】(1)be used to do sth.是use sth. to do sth.的被动形式,意为被用来做.。wood is often used to make paper.木材常用来造纸。(2)be used to sth./doing sth.意为习惯于某事(做某事),be可以有多种时态形式。如果表示由不习惯到习惯的过程,多用get/grow/become used to。26.more than不仅仅；多于【典型例句

42、】kate was more than a teacher. she also did what she could to take care of her pupils.凯特不仅仅是位教师,她还尽其所能地照顾她的学生。more than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.十多位警察出现在事故地点。i was more than surprised to see a lion standing at the body.看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边,我非常惊讶。the beauty of the mount

43、ainous country is more than i can describe.我难以描绘那个山村的美景。【知识小结】(1)more than+数词+名词=over+数词+名词,意为超过。(2)more than后跟名词,意为不仅仅是；不只是。(3)more than与形容词和分词连用,表示非常、十分。(4)more than和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,表示是.难以.；或超过了.所能。(5)more.than.与其说.倒不如说.,更甚。(6)more than one+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。【相关链接】(1)no more than 不超过；仅仅his whole sc

44、hool education added up to no more than one year.他所受的学校教育加起来不超过一年。(2)rather than而不是i think ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮,而不是咖啡。(3)other than除非you cant reach the village other than by boat.除了坐船外,你到不了那个村庄。unit 1 school life句型剖析1.it(形式主语)+is/was+adj.+to do sth.【相关链接】能借it 移至后面的主语有三种

45、:一种由不定式表示,一种由动名词表示,一种由从句表示。【典型例句】it is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。its no harm drinking running water in that area.在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。it was a shame that he didnt pass the exam.很遗憾他没有通过考试。it was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。it seemed that things were not as they expected.

46、看起来情况并不像他们所想像的那样。it is said that the tickets have been sold out.据说票已售完。【知识小结】it作形式主语时,没有具体意义,只是把真正的主语移至整个句子后面,使句子显得平衡一些。1.单项填空 (1)in fact, _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.a. thisb. thatc. thered. it 提示:it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式复合结构for sb. to do sth.。答案:d(2)does _m

47、atter whether he can finish the job on time?a. thisb. thatc. hed. it 提示:it作形式主语,代替whether从句所表达的内容。答案:d(3) _used to be thought that the earth was square.a. heb. whatc. itd. that 提示:it作形式主语,代替真正主语that从句。答案:c2. as+adj./adv.+as【典型例句】she is as busy as a bee every day.她每天都忙得像蜜蜂一样。he drove as fast as he co

48、uld.他尽可能快地开车。i am not as(so) good a player as any of you.我不是一个像你们一样好的队员。【知识小结】(1)as+adj./adv.（用形容词或副词原级）+as.(2)not as.as.=not so.as.(3)as+adj.+a(an)+n.+as.【相关链接】由as.as.构成的习惯短语:as.as possible尽可能地.as.as sb. can/could尽某人所能地.as many/much as 多达.as long as只要(引导条件状语从句);长达.as far as至于;就.而言；远达.as well as像.一样

49、好;除.之外；不仅.而且.2.单项填空(1)-is everything going all right?-well, _.a. not so smooth as expectedb. not so smooth as expectingc. not so smoothly as expectingd. not so smoothly as expected提示:空格处在句法功能上应作going的状语,所以要用副词smoothly。not so smoothly as expected意指不像预料得那样顺利。答案:d(2) _the danger from another attack of

50、earthquake, people had to overcome a shortage of food, drinking water, medicine, clothing, and almost everything.a. as far asb. as well asc. as bad asd. as much as提示:as well as 除了.还。句意除了要克服可能再一次出现地震的危险;还要克服食品、饮水、医药、衣物、几乎任何东西的短缺。答案:b&?&?&?unit 1 school life语法详解定语从句（）1.定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

51、2.定语从句的几个术语先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。关系代词:引导定语从句的代词称为关系代词,如:that, which, who, whom, whose。关系副词:引导定语从句的副词称为关系副词,如:where, when, why。注意:(1)关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。(2)当关系代词在定语从句中担任主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致。3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切,这类从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就会意义不完整,不能说明问题。在译成汉语时,限制性定语从句一般译成主谓结构。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词

52、作进一步的说明,去掉以后其他部分仍然成立。这类从句通常用逗号与其他部分隔开,译成汉语时,从句部分可以译成一个跟主句并列的句子。4.关系代词的基本用法(1)who:先行词是表示人的词,在定语从句中作主语。the woman who is speaking at the meeting is a famous lawyer.那个正在会上发言的女士是一位著名的律师。do you know the girl who is standing over there?你认识站在那边的女孩吗？(2)whom:先行词是表示人的词,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。do you know the girl (whom

53、)i spoke to just now?你认识我刚才跟她说话的那个女孩吗？(3)whose:先行词既可以是表示人的词也可以是表示物的词,意思是.的,在定语从句中作定语。is there any room whose window faces the sea?有窗户朝向大海的房间吗？i know a student whose handwriting is good.我认识一位书法很好的学生。(4)that:先行词既可以是表示人的词也可以是表示物的词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。有时可与who或whom换用,但是在非限制性定语从句中或者作介词宾语时,只能使用who或whom。t

54、he woman that(=who)is speaking at the meeting is a famous lawyer.do you know the girl that(=who)is standing over there? do you know the girl that(=whom)i spoke to just now?yesterday we visited a factory that produces computers.昨天我们参观了一个生产微机的工厂。i lost the bike (that)he gave me on my birthday.我把他在我生日时送给我的自行车丢了。(5)which:先行词是表示物的词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,有时可与that换用,但是在非限制性定语从句中或者作介词宾语时,只能使用which。yesterday we visited a factory which(=that)produces computers.i lost the bike (w