牛津高中英语模块五第一单元Grammarandusages动名词

1、牛津高中英语模块五第一单元 Grammar and usages 胡玉杰 Ma Chang Middle School Shu Yang County Jiangsu 动名词和分词Verbing 形式Verbing 形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。动名词，分词和动词不定式统称为非 谓语动词。动名词的用法动名词顾名思义，就是动词的 ing 形式具有名词和动词的特征。 在句中作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。主语Seeing is believ ing.眼见为实。Smok ing may cause can ce吸烟可能导致癌症。Singing is a good way to relax when yo

2、u are stressed and upset 唱歌是很好的放松方式当你焦炉不安的时候动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is和 There is两种句式来表示。例如：Its nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。Its no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。It is no use sending him over. It s too late already. 派他去没用，已经太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困

3、难。It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice. 学而不实践是没好处的。 宾语动名词作宾语的时候常跟在这样一些动词的后面admit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggestI love swimming in the lake near my house 我喜欢在我家附近的湖里游泳I was really fond of reading no

4、vels, especially written by Lu xun 我真的喜欢阅读小说，特别是由鲁迅些的2）有时候动词后边可以跟上 verb-ing 和 to-infinitive, 但没有多少意义差别。这类动词有 continue prefer begin hate like start loveI prefer to read English book=I prefer to reading English book 我喜欢读英语Our classes begin to start at 8.00 in the morning/ Our chasses begin starting at

5、 8.00 in the morning 我们的课是每天早晨八点开始3）有些动词后边跟上 verb-ing 和 to-infinitive ，但他们的意义不同。这些动词有 forget regret remember mean tryI forgot to finish my homework 我忘记去完成我的家庭作业了I forgot finishing my homework 我忘记我完成了我的家庭作业 表语（ 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作 表语，表达的是“某件事”等。 ）Seeing is believing 眼见为实Their task is expl

6、oring oil mines in the west.（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍， 一般只限于单个的动名词作定语， 表示“用 于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。 例如：swimmi ng pool游泳池 reading material 阅 读 材 料 walking stick 手 杖floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开 幕 词 listening aid 助 听 器 waiting room 候 车 室 running water自来水developing countries 发展中国家 working

7、people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩 子现在分词 现在分词表达的是动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是主动或者是表达动作的进行 现在分词可以作定语 状语 补语 表语1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后， 并且名词与 现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系 这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语 的判断方法之一eg. a running boy the girl standing there 并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句eg. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there2. 作补语只有两

8、类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词： see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2）使役动词： have get catch leave set eg.I saw him singing now. Dont have the students studying all day.3. 作表语 现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意 有三级变 化可被副词修饰 eg.The story is interesting. The match is exciting.4. 作状语1）作时间状语eg.

9、 Walki ng in the street, I saw him当我在街上走时，我看到他了. 可以转化为一个时间状语从句 When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.2）作条件状语eg. Working hard, you will succeed.3）作原因状语eg. Being ill, she stayed at home.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语eg. Having failed many times, he didnt lost heart.5）作结果状语eg. His friend died, lea

10、ving him a lot of money,6）作方式状语eg. Please answer the question using another way.7）作伴随状语 可以转化为一个并列句eg. He is sta nding there, singing.5. 作独立成分gen erally speak ing般来说 Judg ing from/by 由判断出6. 现在分词的独立主格独立主格，又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在 句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。其实我们曾经学过的” with的复合结构”是差不多的只不过它要比独立主格多

11、个 with .eg. Win ter coming, it gets colder and colder: 冬天来了，天变的越来越冷了eg. The boy lay on the ground his eyes closed and his hands trembling 这个男孩身躺 在地上，眼睛闭着手在发抖分词的时态主动被动现状分词一般式doingbeing done完成式hav ing donehav ing bee n done过去分词done动名词与现状分词的区别1. 动名词可以作主语，现状分词不可以2. 动名词可以作宾语，现状分词不可以3. 现状分词可以作状语，动名词不能4. 动

12、名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词Her hobby is painting.她的爱好是绘画。（动名词）Her job was ten di ng the sheep.她的工作是放羊（动名词）The n ews is en couragi ng.这消息令人鼓舞。分词This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。分词5动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即：现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上 具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词

13、则表示其修饰的名词的性质， 或用途或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。1.动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmi ng pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水 swimmi ng suit 游泳衣waiting room 候车室 sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场 sleeping pill 安眠 药writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机 writing paper 信纸operat ing table 手术室check ing acco unt 活期账户diving

14、suit 潜水衣reading room 阅览室 diving board 跳板playing ground 运动场 washing machine 洗衣机boxing competition 拳击比赛 washing powder 洗衣粉speaking contest 演讲比赛 fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线 2现在分词作定语 developing countries 发展中国家 a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇 growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑the existing condition 现有条件the remaining da

15、ys 剩下的岁月lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星the leading newspapers 主要报纸the ruling class 统治阶级living things 有生命的东西the ageing population 老化的人口the rising generation 成长的一代6.名词与现在分词都可以用作补语， 但现在分词用作宾语补语时， 与前面的宾 语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如： smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等 。 另 外 ， 有 些

16、使 役 动 词 如 have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有， 作为 宾语 补 语 的现 在 分 词有 时 前 面可 有 as， 前 面的 动 词 多用 regard, consider, describe, see, think of 等。现在分词用作主语补语， 多用在被动 结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1动名词用作补语I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（ robbing 是宾语补语）This is called tur

17、ning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。 （ turning 是 主语补语）2现在分词用作补语We found him waiting to receive us. 我 们 发 现 他 等 着 欢 迎 我 们。 We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。They described the young man as having initiative and drive. 他们说这青年积 极肯干。 He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。现状分词和过去分词的区别1. 在语态上：

18、现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2. 在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 如何确定分词的使用的具体步骤（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词11练习现在分词和动名词练习现在分词部分1. The old farmerthe badly-i njured and woun ded soldier,came out of the bur ning house,for help.A. support ing; calli ngB. supported by; calledC. being supported by; called D

19、. being support ing; called2. -Oh, i t s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this eve ning?-We ll go on with the matterA. be discussedC. discussed3. The brave manacottage.A. left; break ingC. left; broke n4.this after noon.B. being discuss ingD. which discusseddied, his young

20、 wife nothing butB. leav ing; broke n D. to leave; break ing hard before, Tom is afraid of faili ng in the exam.B. Not to have workedA. Hav ing bee n workedC. Havi ng5.A. No pass ingn ever workedD. Never have workedthe exam, the boy was puni shed by his father.B. Having passedD. Not hav ing passed,I

21、 can have done it better.C. permitti ngD. to permitt enter his house.B. The key bee n lostD. Havi ng lost the keyC. Not pass ing6. TimeA. permit B. be permitted7. , the boy could nA. Since the key has lostC. Lost the key8. world now.A. Bei ng tran slatedB. Havi ng tran slatedC. To be tran slatedD. H

22、avi ng bee n tran slated9.for the terrible accide nt, as the public thought, the mayorfelt n ervous and was at a loss what to do.A. Havi ng blamedin to many Ian guages, the story is well known all over theB. To blameD. Bei ng to blameheart trouble for years, Professor White has toC. Bei ng to be bla

23、me10. fromtake some medici ne with him wherever he goes.A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Havi ng sufferedD. Bei ng suffered11. from what he said, he must be the thief who has stole nthe car.A. Judg ing B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge12. with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave,his tail to the

24、 rain.A. Trembli ng; expos ingB. Trembled; exposedC. Trembled; expos ingD. Trembli ng; exposed13. Many teachers were praised at the meet ing, Mr. Zhou.A. in cludi ngB. being in cludi ngC. to in clude D. in cluded14. -Who were those people with the flags?-A groupitself the League of Peace.A. calls B.

25、 calli ng C. called D. being called15. you the truth, she knows nothing about it.A. Tell B. Telli ng C. To tell D. Told16. We slept with the lightall n ight Io ng last night.A. bur ntB. to bur nC. being bur nt D. bur ning17. Linda can t attend the partyat Tom s house at presentbecause she is prepari

26、ng a speech for the partyat Marie shouse tomorrow.A. being held; to be heldB. to be held; heldC. held; bei ng heldD. to be held; to be held18. The situation is more than ever. I maboutwhat to do n ext.A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzli ng; puzzli ngC. puzzli ng; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzli ng19. Whenthat

27、it was gett ing late, I put off the light andwent to bed.A. find B. finding C. found D. to find20. her mother had come, her face lit up.A. Heari ng B. Havi ng heardC. When heari ngD. When she heard21. Daddy didn mind what we were doing, as long as we weretogether,fun. （2005，重庆卷）A. had B. have C. to

28、have D. hav ing22. Dont leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth. （2004天津高考题）A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The picture on the wall is pain ted by my n ephew.（2000年春季高考）A. hav ing hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung24. I couldn t do my homework with all that noise.A. going on B. goes o

29、n C. went on D. to go on （2005 北京卷）25. from other continents for millio ns of years, Australia hasmany plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Havi ng separatedC. Having bee n separatedD. To be separated （2005 湖北卷）26. A cook will be immediately fired if he

30、 is foundin the kitche n.（03全国高考题）A. smoke B. smok ingC. to smokeD. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail,to get further in formati on .（2000上海卷）A. hoped B. hop ing C. to hope D. hope动名词部分1. No one enjoysat.A. augh ingB. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed2. You must do someth ing to preve nt your h

31、ouse.A. to be broke n inB. from being broke n inC. to break inD. from break ing in3. They in sisted onano ther cha nee to try.A. give nB. givingC. being give nD. to be give n4. Where is my passport? I rememberit here.You should nt have left it here. Rememberit with you allthe time.A .to put ; to tak

32、e B. putting ； takingC. putting ； to take D .to put ; taking5. His room n eeds, so he must have itA. pain ti ng；pain tedB. pain ted;paintingC .pa in ti ng；paintingD. pain ted;pain teda letter to hisD. to writerequire 6. After fini shi ng his homework he went on_pare nts.A. writeB. writ ingC. wrote7.

33、 Theyoung trees we pla nted last weekwith great care.A. look ing after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. take n good care of8.0nlyEn glish does nt meanthe Ian guage.A. to learn ； to learnBearning； learningC learning about ； learnD. learning about ； learning9.She returnedhome only to find the

34、door open and somethingA. missed B. to be missi ngC .missi ngD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself the problem of old age.A. to study B. study ingC. to study ingD. study11. Rememberthe n ewspaper whe n you have fini shed it.A. putt ing back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12. Assh

35、e is look ingforward to from me, pleaserememberthis letter on your way to school.A. hear ； post B. hearing ； to postC .be heard ; posting D. be hearing； to posting13. Gra ndma said that she had a lot of troubleyour han dwriti ng.A. to readB. to seeC. readi ngC. in see ing14. Writi ng stories and art

36、icleswhat I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15. We appreciateus to the ball.A. them to in viteB .to in vite C. their in vit ing D. being in vited16. Would you mi ndquiet for a mome nt? rm tryingform.A. keeping; filling outB. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill outD. to keep; filling out17. He

37、 was afraidfor being late.A. of see ingB. of being see nC to be see nD .to have see n18.1d like to suggestthe meet ing till next week.A. to put off B. putti ng off C. put off D. to be put off19.1 dont see how I could possibly managethe work withoutA .finish ; helpingB. to finish ; being helpedC. finishing ; helping D. finishing ; being helped20. A nything worthis worthy ofwell.A. doing ; being done B. doing ; doingC. to be done ; to be done D. to be done ; being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insistedA. finishB.