2015届高考英语（重大版）一轮复习配套文档：Book 5 Unit 4　Historical Figures

1、祝学子学业有成，取得好成绩.重点单词识记1will /wil/ n遗嘱2likely /laikli/ adj。可能的3classify /klsifai/ vt.分类；分等4generous /denrs/ adj。慷慨的；大方的5privately /praivitli/ adv.私下地；秘密地private adj.私人的；私下的6skillful /skilfl/ adj.灵巧的；熟练的；制作精巧的skill n技能；技巧；技术skilled adj。熟练的;有技能的7inventive /inventiv/ adj。善于创造的；发明的invent vt。发明；创造invention

2、n发明（物）inventor n发明者(家)8consideration /knsidrein/ n体谅；考虑considerate adj。体贴的；体谅的considerable adj。相当大的；重要的；值得考虑的consider vt。考虑；认为9worthy /wi/ adj。有价值的；可敬的;n。（pl.）杰出人物;知名人worth adj.值得的10doubtful /datfl/ adj。可疑的; 不明确的；疑心的doubt vt.怀疑；不信；n。怀疑；疑惑;疑问11conclusion /knklun/ n结论conclude vi./vt。推断出；结束；总结。重点短语识记1b

3、e quick to敏于2build up建立3lie in在于4care about关心5would rather.。than。.。宁愿而不愿6at birth出生时7as follows如下8out of curiosity出于好奇心9have no thoughts of根本没想到10make notes of记下11come to the conclusion得出结论。经典原句默写与背诵1then the family returned to sweden in 1859，where alfred began his own study of explosives in his fat

4、hers laboratory。然后全家在1859年返回了瑞典，在那里阿尔弗雷德在他爸爸的实验室里开始了他自己的炸药研究。2.and by the time he was twenty，he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist,speaking swedish，russian，german，french and english。当他20岁的时候，他成为了一个资深的化学家和优秀的语言学家，会说瑞典语、俄语、德语、法语和英语。3and so，the man who felt he should have died at birth is

5、 remembered and respected long after his death。因此，这位原先认为自己一出生就该死去的人却在他死后长期受到人们的怀念和尊敬.4the major aim of the voyage was to study the coast of south america，but if charles darwin had not been aboard，few people would now remember that voyage.那次航行的主要目的是研究南美海岸线，但是如果查尔斯达尔文没有上船的话，现在没有多少人会记住那次航行.1he is as go

6、od a student as his sister and is worth praising.(worthy）2he concluded his speech by reading a poem.(conclusion)3there are several reasons for this explosive growth.(explode）4but how do you measure one invention against another？ (invent)5new york is a great financial center。(finance）6several proposa

7、ls are under consideration by the state assembly.（considerate）7it is not surprising that children learn to read at different rates。(surprisingly）8she physically felt fine and wanted to go home。(physical）1 be worthy of sth。/of being done/to be done值得(做)某事worth adj。价值的；值钱的；n.价值；作用；prep.值得的,相当于的价值be wo

8、rth doing。.值得做worthwhile adj。值得做的be worthwhile to do/doing.值得做its worthwhile to do/doing。.做是值得的liu hulan was a worthy daughter of the party.刘胡兰是党的好女儿。guilin is a beautiful place.its worthwhile going there.桂林是个美丽的地方，值得去看看。特别提醒worthy可作定语,而worth不能。夯实基础一句多译这家工厂值得参观。(1)the factory is worth visiting/a vis

9、it。（worth）(2）the factory is worthy of a visit.（worthy ofn。)(3）the factory is worthy of being visited。(worthy of动名词）（4）the factory is worthy to be visited.（worthy不定式）（5）its worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.（worthwhile)2 classify sb。/sth.by/according to sth.根据划分classify sb./sth。into sth.把分为cla

10、ssify sth。as.。把归类为it is necessary initially to classify the headaches into certain types.首先,必须将头痛分为几个类型。these cows are now classified as a rare breed.这些奶牛现在被归为稀有动物。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1）only eleven of these accidents were classified as major。(2）our class was then classified into four groups。(3）in the study

11、 families are classified by their income.3 conclude sth.with。就某事与某人达成协议；以结束conclude sth.from.。从推断出to conclude最后arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论in conclusion总之；最后so what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1）he concluded his speech with a f

12、amous saying。（2）what can we conclude from staffords research？(3）in conclusion,the author said that red heads have no greater risk during surgery than the rest of the population。单项填空1would you please make up a topic worth in tomorrows conference？adiscussing bto be discussedcto discussed dbeing discus

13、sed答案a解析worth作后置定语,修饰the topic;worth后常用doing,主动形式表被动。2patients are classified three categories.ato bincat dinto答案d解析考查固定短语sth。be classified into“把分为几类。3einstein was as the leading scientist of the 20th century。aconsidered brespectedcthought of dall the above 答案d解析be considered as和be thought of as都可以

14、表示“被认为；被看作”；be respected as被尊敬为,被尊称为。4their decision internet addiction as a mental disease has caused much debate.ato classify bclassifyingcbeing classified dto be classified答案b解析句意为：这种把网瘾划为精神病的决定引起了很多争论。decision和classify之间为主动关系，故用主动式且表示一般的情况，故用现在分词作后置定语。5we have come to the conclusion the company

15、has making great progress these months.awhich bthatcas dwhat答案b解析句意为:我们已得出结论,公司这几个月取得了巨大的进步。that引导同位语从句,说明conclusion的内容。汉译英不要以自我为中心,尽力多为他人考虑。(considerate）(2012江苏书面表达）dont be self.centered and try to be considerate。1i care about their health; they are my friends after all。2he opened the letter addres

16、sed to his wife out of curiosity.3you are the very person i am searching for。4the biggest danger may lie in refusing to acknowledge the seriousness of the problem.5is your life leading to something great？1 build up a fame建立名声build up ones health/body增进健康build up a fine reputation建立良好的信誉he built up h

17、is fortune from scratch.他白手起家积累起了财富。夯实基础翻译句子锻炼身体帮助我们增强体质,保持头脑清醒。taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind。2 lie down躺下lie on/upon(人)躺在上;(物)放在上;依靠lie to sb。对某人说谎tell sb。a lie对某人说谎tell a lie/lies说谎the true happiness lies in the joy of share。真正的幸福在于分享的喜悦.dont believe her because

18、she always lies.别信她,因为她总是说谎。夯实基础（1)he never lied(说谎） in his life.（2)john lay（躺） on his back again when i came in.(3）the problem lies in（在于) deciding when to start。.单项填空1can you imagine that the ceo of pu tian software company doesnt dress？acall for bapply forccare about dallow for答案c解析由句意可知,此处应是“不在意

19、、不关心服装；care about关心;介意,符合句意.2the man there that he had the money on the table.alying；lay；laid blaying；lied;lainclying；lied；laid dlaying;laid;lain答案c解析句意为：躺在那儿的那个人撒谎说把钱放在桌子上了。第一空作定语，表示“躺在那儿，应用lie(躺)的现在分词形式lying；第二空是主句中的谓语动词，表示“撒谎”,用lie（撒谎)的过去式lied；第三空是从句中的谓语动词，并且是过去完成时态，应用lay(放置)的过去分词laid.。汉译英1如果我们团结

20、如一家人，互相照顾，帮助需要帮助的人，我们就能创造奇迹。(care for)(2011福建书面表达）we can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need。2所以通过骑自行车我们可以承担起建立一个低碳城市的责任。(build up）（2011江西写作）therefore，lets take the responsibility to build up a low。carbon city by riding bicycles.用所给词的适当形式填空（1)weather

21、permitting（permit）,we are going to visit you tomorrow.(2)she sat with her head bent（bend)(3）1978 ended with nothing settled(settle)（4)the boy went home with his nose bleeding（bleed）（5)night coming （come)on，we put ourselves up in a small hotel。 it was a friend who suggested that he be given a job as

22、naturalist aboard the beagle。是他一位朋友的建议使他在小猎犬号上获得一份随船博物学家的工作。(1)强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分（若被强调的是人,可用that或who；若被强调的是其他时,一律用that。另外要注意：原句的谓语动词不能被强调）。（2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：is/was it 被强调部分that/who.。？（3）强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词is/was itthat.。.？（4)对not。.until.。句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为:it is/was not until被强调部分th

23、at其他部分.it was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。夯实基础 用强调句型强调划线部分i met him in the countryside last year。（1)it was i that/who met him in the countryside last year.（强调主语)(2)it was him that/who

24、 i met in the countryside last year。（强调宾语）(3)it was in the countryside that i met him last year。(强调地点状语)(4)it was last year that i met him in the countryside。(强调时间状语).单项填空1although most of them have no doubt he will pass the exam，i still wonder he has really got everything ready。awhether；that bthat；

25、whethercthat；that dwhether；whether答案b解析句意为:虽然他们中的大部分人相信他能通过考试,但我依然想知道他是否做好了一切准备。doubt作名词用于否定句时，后接that引导的同位语从句；由句意知wonder后的宾语从句用whether引导.2 for his expert advice，john is often asked to help others with their personal affairs。ahaving known bbeing knowncknown dknowing答案c解析句意为：由于他的内行的建议而出名，john常常被要求来帮助他

26、人解决个人事情。john与know逻辑上为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。b项强调动作正在被执行,不合题意,故选c项。3the boy had to explain to his parents what had been going on that day， .aincluded all the detailsball the details includingcall the details were includeddall the details included答案d解析独立主格结构作状语，all the details与include为被动关系，故用过去分词.。汉译英总之,礼貌用语会使

27、你的生活更方便。(it is。.that.。.）（2010江西书面表达)in a word,it is polite words that will make your life become convenient。1when the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to it with important points. (2013浙江，9）aconclude bleadcavoid dhold答案a解析句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声时,一定要用几条要点作为结束.conclude下结论，符合题意。lead 引领；avoid 避免;hol

28、d举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。2bears fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep。（2013浙江,17)apack up bbuild upcbring up dtake up答案b解析考查动词短语辨析。pack up打包，收拾行李;build up搭建,积累,增强；bring up养育，抚养;take up占据，拿起。根据句意“熊在夏秋两季积累自己的脂肪储备,以便在冬眠时有充足的能量来度过冬季。”

29、知b项符合题意。3it was only after he had read the papers mr。gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.（2013大纲全国，30)awhen bthatcwhich dwhat答案b解析句意为：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。本句为强调句型，强调了时间状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“it is/was被强调部分that剩余部分”可知选b项.4by the time ja

30、ck returned home from england,his son from college.（2011辽宁，34)agraduated bhas graduatedchad been graduating dhad graduated答案d解析句意为：当杰克从英国回到家的时候，他的儿子已经大学毕业了.return所表示的动作发生在过去，graduate所表示的动作发生在他回家之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。5mistakes dont just happen;they occur for a reason。find out the reason,and then makin

31、g the mistake becomes 。（2010湖北，24） afavourable bpreciouscessential dworthwhile答案d解析句意为：错误并非（无缘无故地)发生;它们的发生是有原因的。找出原因,那么犯错误就是值得的。favourable有利的，赞成的；precious宝贵的，珍贵的；essential必要的，基本，本质的;worthwhile值得做的，值得花时间的。由句意可知,worthwhile符合语境.单项填空1why does the lake smell terrible?because large quantities of water 。ah

32、ave polluted bis being pollutedchas been polluted dhave been polluted答案d解析名词被quantities of修饰作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式；从湖水的气味难闻知水已被污染,即强调的是结果和影响。故选d项。2the prices of houses, is often reported，have been going up sharply in the past few months。awhich bitcas dwhat答案c解析as引导定语从句，它的位置比较灵活，常译为“正如。句意为:正如报道的那样，房价在最近几个月涨

33、得很快。3-do you want to take the black one or the white one?ill take the black one the white one.i have already had one。aboth;and bneither；norcnot；but dnot only；but also答案b解析考查连词。a项“两者都”；b项“两者都不；c项“不是而是”;d项“不但而且”.由信息句“i have already had one.可知两者都不要，故b项正确。4someone might see us。 ? were not doing anything

34、 illegal.aso what bwhat forcwhy not dwhats up答案a解析考查交际用语。句意为：-有人好像看见我们了。那又怎样呢?我们又没做什么违法的事.a项“那又怎么样，那又如何”符合题意.b项“为什么；c项“为什么不”；d项“怎么了”，均不正确。5have you finished your report yet?-no，ill finish in ten minutes.aanother bothercmore dless答案a解析句意为：-你完成你的报告了吗？没有,我还需要十分钟才能完成。a项意为“再一，又一”;b项意为“其他的”；c项意为“更多的”；d项意为

35、“更少的”。b、c、d三项修饰名词时，直接加名词的复数，中间不能加数词.6danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular。aworks bis workingchas worked dworked答案c解析考查动词时态。句意为：为实现他的梦想,danny很久以来一直努力工作，现在他出名了。由句中的for long以及句意可知，本题表示过去所做的事对现在造成的结果，这时应该用现在完成时。7its no use that you didnt know the rules。ayou pretend byou to pret

36、endcof you to pretend dyour pretending答案d解析考查句型搭配的用法。句意为:你假装不知道这条规则是没有用的.its no use doing sth.做某事没用(只是白费力气）,在这个句型中，动词。ing形式是真正的主语,it是形式主语。在此句中your为pretending的逻辑主语。8after five hours drive，they reached they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of。athat bwherecwhich dwhat答案d解析此处what引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主

37、语，they thought在此作插入语。9we needed a new cupboard for the tv set。so my brother made out of some wood we had。ait bonecthat danother答案b解析考查代词的用法。句意为：我们需要一个新电视柜，于是我哥哥就用我们的木材做了一个。表示泛指的“一个”电视柜，用one；而it表示就是前面所提到的那一个；another表示很多的橱柜中的“另一个”；that此处代指特指的电视柜，都不符合句意。10if my car more reliable，i would have driven to

38、lhasa instead of flying last summer。awas bhad beencshould be dwould be答案b解析考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done,选b项。.完形填空is there a dark side to the computer revolution？do computers threaten the health of our society?you may answer “no”the truth of the matter， 1 ，is that any new techn

39、ologycomputer includedhas a “dark” side.many jobs，for example，will be 2 by robots and computer。controlled machinery.since many of these jobs are boring and even dangerous,that seems like a step in the 3 direction。but its a big worry to the people whose jobs are threatened.another one that is causing

40、 growing 4 is about computers invasion（侵犯） of privacy。almost everyone agrees that it is 5 to share information.but almost everyone，at the same time，doesnt agree that everyone should have 6 to the computer files of others。computer crime is also a problem.clever criminals are 7 ways to break computer

41、codes and transfer millions of dollars to their accounts。the list could go on but if we want computers to work for us，well have to find ways to keep people from using computers 8 us.1 a.therefore bhowevercotherwise dbesides答案b解析therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则；besides而且。计算机会威胁社会健康吗？你也许认为不会。然而事实却是包括

42、计算机在内的任何新的科技都有它的黑暗面。前后句构成转折关系,故b项正确。2 a。taken over btaken inctaken back dtaken out答案a解析take over接管；take in吸收，欺骗；take back拿回；take out取出。联系第二段的例子可知，许多工作会由机器人或电脑控制的机器所接管.故a项正确.3 a.wrong boppositecright dstraight答案c解析wrong错误的；opposite相反的,对立的；right正确的；straight笔直的，正直的。由语境可知，许多工作很无聊，甚至很危险，那么让机器人来做似乎是一个正确的选

43、择。故c项正确。4 a.conflict bbarriercdifference dconcern答案d解析conflict冲突；barrier障碍;difference差别；concern关系,关心。另一个问题是对于电脑引起的对隐私的侵犯人们越来越担心。故d项正确。5 a.necessary bimpossiblecobvious dsenseless答案a解析necessary有必要的;impossible不可能的；obvious明显的;senseless无知觉的。根据下一句“but”可知，前后句之间构成转折关系，联系下文可推知,几乎所有人都认为有必要分享信息.故a项正确。6 a。limi

44、t baccesscsign dsupport答案b解析limit限制；access使用；sign迹象；support支持。此处指并非每个人都同意人人都能使用他人的电脑文件.have access to为固定搭配,意为“可以利用,使用”，符合语境。7 a。counting bdiscussingcgiving dfinding答案d解析count计算；discuss讨论；give给予;find寻找.聪明的电脑黑客寻找途径破解他人电脑密码进行转账。故d项正确。8 a.for bwithcin dagainst答案d解析上文讲述了电脑的“阴暗面，但要想让电脑继续服务于我们，就应该想办法让人们不要利

45、用电脑做不利于我们(违法）的事情.against反对，违反.故d项正确。.阅读理解breathe，wave and smile.along with more than 300 other seniors，i marched into the stadium on the afternoon of may 10。the audience burst into deafening cheers。the huge stadium shook with all the whistling and clapping。it was as if a hollywood superstar had walk

46、ed on stage。and indeed，every single senior that day was a star of the moment.each deserved it.the seniors had been preparing for four years for this once。in。a.lifetime moment-the graduation ceremony.seated，i waited anxiously for the opening address。as a foreign exchange student，i was not able to rec

47、eive a diploma.however，i still had the wonderful feeling of being part of things。like the other graduates，i was dressed in maroon（紫褐色) cap and gown。our principal，mr glover，delivered a short,warm greeting。the us national anthem followed and then，hands on chests,a solemn pledge of allegiance(效忠誓言)stud

48、ents who had done well academically gave farewell speeches.the tears in some eyes convinced me that many had deep feelings about the occasion。it was as the class motto says， “life brings us tears,smiles and memories.the tears dry；the smiles fade；but the memories last forever.”then came the most impo

49、rtant part of the ceremony.hundreds of names were announced。each graduate walked across the stage to receive his or her diploma from the principal.from the different cheers each graduate got，we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest。to be honest，the pres

50、entation of diplomas got boring.a girl sitting next to me even started yawning。but it wasnt boring for those receiving the diploma：they would treasure the moment the principal placed the sacred brown document in their hands for the rest of their lives。a new page in the book of that persons life had turned。they were glimpsing（开始领悟） their futures：futures of challenge,har