机械设计毕业论文外文翻译

1、学校代码： 10128学 号： 010901021 本科毕业设计外文文献翻译（学生姓名：王文德学 院：机械学院系 别：机械系专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化班 级：机制02-1指导教师：李建国 高级工程师二六年六月mechanical products of modern design methodology and the programme trendssummary: according to the current domestic and international product design, mechanical design scholars of the main featu

2、res of thinking, product design methods summarized as a systematic programme, modular structure, based on product knowledge and wisdom of the four types. that the four methods of the organic link between features and its proposed product design computer programmes to achieve endeavors. keyword: mech

3、anical products; programme design; trendsintroductionwith the rapid development of science and technology, the functional requirements of a growing number of products and complexity increase, shortened life expectancy, upgrading speed, the design of the products, particularly machinery products prog

4、ramme design are in urgent need .at present, computer-aided product design drawings, design calculations, processing manufacturing, production planning has been a relatively broad and in-depth study, but results and product development programme of the early computer-aided design falls far short of

5、the design requirements. to this end, the author read a lot of literature on the basis of summarizing the design scholars and the methods used for programme design, and discussed ways of the organic link between the computer and mechanical products for programme design trends. under the current desi

6、gn scholars and mechanical products used in the design of programmes of the main features of methods, the modern design of the programme approach can be summarized as the following four types: 1. systematic design methodology the main features of a systematic design methodology: design by several de

7、sign elements as a system, the independence of each design element, the presence of various elements of the organic link between each element, and is layered, all elements of the design system design can achieve the required tasks. systematic design concepts in the 1970s by the german scholar, profe

8、ssor paul and baits, their theoretical system based on the general pattern set design, by design, should be rational. german engineers in the design concepts on the basis of criteria developed vdi2221 technical system design methodology and product development. mechanical product development program

9、mer design process model basically follows german standards vdi2221 design. in addition, many of our scholars in product design and programmer design was cited for the systematic design and other developed countries, including a representative is: (1) the user needs to be functional as a product of

10、conception, design and structural components design, process planning, operational control of the foundation, from the macro-product development process starting, the use of qualitative methods of functional layout, systematic information to users needs rational and effective products into all stage

11、s of development objectives and technical control of the operations. (2) see product as the level of product life systems of organisms, and by systems theory to life the product design process can be divided effectively as demand levels, the achievement of the functional requirements of the specific

12、 design and product concept level. at the same time the use of life chart at abstract expression products functional requirements, and form the architecture of the products system. (3) mechanical design system science applications into two basic issues: first, the design of products as a system to d

13、eal with, the best set of its components (modules) and their interrelationship; second, product design process as a system, according to the design goals, and correctly, reasonably identify the various aspects of the design work and various design stages. since each of the designers study and consid

14、er the perspective of the different focus, programmer design specific research methods are used to exist. the following are examples of some representative systematic design methods. 1.1 design analysis and guidance systemkaleit with clear graphic description of levels of functional structures and r

15、elated products abstract information systems achieved structural, functional relations graphics, modeling, and the functional connectivity between the layers. will be designed into two complementary methods and the exchange of information, analytical methods used nissans information can be used grap

16、hic symbols, a rich semantic model structure, can be described integration conditions, can be divided type, can be achieved in relations between the arbitrary characteristics, design methodology xie and information technology integration, achieved design process information among different abstract

17、level of relations graphics modeling. documentation 11 network design will proceed as a design tool in the development of reactive ask semantic network design, the use of nodes and a network of lines to describe design nodes that components of the module (such as design tasks, functions, components

18、or processing equipment), and lines to adjust the definition of nodes between different semantic relations, the design process for all the activities and results of a pre-established models for early design requirements definition to the specific description of each structure can be expressed by the

19、 relationship between the definition, computer-aided deplaning process to achieve a leap from abstract to concrete. 1.2 linkage chart law integral components of the system can be divide into a functional energy, energy consumption, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transmission,

20、 and a plan to borrow the functional components express their hope that will be based on a functional model and get a map of achieving functional structure of the automatic generation and functional structure with a map button automatic conversion, kin seek hop chart produced by the various design o

21、ptions to law. 2. structural modular design methodologyplanning products from the perspective of: definition design tasks to the functional structure of products based products have been quoted solution (such as a spare parts components, etc.) to describe the design task of decomposition mandate to

22、consider each sub-task existence counterpart solution of products, so that products can be in the planning stage for the elimination of the design tasks that may exist contradictions, early projections production, costs and the development of the planned revision of the design process, thus increasi

23、ng design efficiency and the reliability of the design, while also reducing the cost of new products. feldman task to design the functions of the product mix is divided into four, (1) products (2) functional composition (3) the main function of components (4) functional components. feature-oriented

24、applications using structured catalogue of functional components that is more specific qualitative and quantitative description. at the same time developed a design suitable for product development and early software tools used by early start. most of the functions that can be used for mechanical pr

25、oducts have been solution, and with only a few new functions solution dedicated, specialized in the mechanical design of a functional product mix, dedicated machinery for the evaluation of the design, manufacture wind-very favorable. according to the connectivity features of mechanical parts will be

26、 consolidated into its four types:1) a direct positioning components, and since there is a readjustment of the components;2) structure with the combination of common;3) of a nest and the nest-style structure of the links-style components;4) a modular structure and modular components connectivity. an

27、d the use of symbols that prospective typical components and the inter-linking components rules, thus achieving connectivity between the components of the algorithms and concepts visualization.3. the characteristics of knowledge-based products in the design methodology design methods based on produc

28、t characteristics knowledge of the main features: a computer language to describe the identification and design of products features experts in the field of knowledge and experience, knowledge base and establish the corresponding reasoning machine to use the storage areas have knowledge of the reaso

29、ning mechanism and the establishment of the programmer to achieve computer-assisted design products. mechanical systems design of the programmer is based on products of the main features, and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience on the volume and decision-making, complete body typ

30、e, a few integrated. computer-aided design stage to achieve this, we must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. to this end, and scholars in mechanical systems design knowledge of programmed design automated processing done a lot of

31、research work, the methods used can be summarized in the following few. 3.1 coding methodaccording to motion transform (called functional element) the organization classified, and use codes to describe the types of institutions and function element, which has led to the establishment of body system

32、programmer design expert systems knowledge base. on this basis, binary logic of combining theory with vague integrated judge the establishment of the expert system reasoning mechanisms, and dedicated spaces for the four programmers designed machine tools. use of biological evolutionary theory, throu

33、gh natural selection and sexual reproduction to enable organisms to the principles of evolution, in programmed design agencies, the use of network theory approach will map the structure of institutions for topography expression, and through the coding technology, the body structure and functions int

34、o individual chromosome number string of binary system, and prepared in accordance with design requirements to value use of biological evolution theory breeding control mechanism through selection, overlapping and sudden variations, and other means to eliminate low value-not to be very adaptive in t

35、he evolutionary process of the individual optimal, the best design for the agency. 3.2 design catalogue method construction of the functional modules, functional element and body group - progression-style design catalogue, and this three-tiered progression of the design principles of the programmed

36、catalogue as a mechanical transmission systems design knowledge base and the development of intelligent design aids. 4. intelligent design methodologyintelligent design methodology is the main features: design methodology based on the theory that through 3d graphics software, intelligent design soft

37、ware and virtual reality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development design, the idea expressed products, product description of the structure. in the use of mathematical systems theory, taking into a systems engineering theory, product design and system development methodol

38、ogies vdi2221 technology, developed for use in the initial design of multimedia products developed software muse.机械产品方案的现代设计方法及发展趋势摘要：根据目前国内外设计学者进行机械产品设计时的主要思维特点，将产品方案的设计方法概括为系统化、结构模块化、基于产品特征知识和智能四种类型。指出四种方法的特点及其相互间的有机联系，提出产品方案设计计算机实现的努力方向。关键词：机械产品；方案设计方法；发展趋势引言随着科学技术的飞速发展，产品功能要求的日益增多，复杂性增加，寿命期缩短，更新

39、换代速度加快。然而，产品的设计，尤其是机械产品方案的设计手段，则显得力不从心，跟不上时代发展的需要。目前，计算机辅助产品的设计绘图、设计计算、加工制造、生产规划已得到了比较广泛和深入的研究，并初见成效，而产品开发初期方案的计算机辅助设计却远远不能满足设计的需要。为此，作者在阅读了大量文献的基础上，概括总结了国内外设计学者进行方案设计时采用的方法，并讨论了各种方法之间的有机联系和机械产品方案设计实现的发展趋势。根据目前国内外设计学者进行机械产品方案设计所用方法的主要特征，可以把现代设计方法概括为以下四种：1、系统化设计方法系统化设计方法的主要特点是：将设计看成由若干个设计要素组成的一个系统，每个

40、设计要素具有独立性，各个要素间存在着有机的联系，并具有层次性，所有的设计要素结合即可实现设计系统所需完成的任务。系统化设计思想于70年代由德国学者pahl和beitz教授提出，他们以系统理论为基础，制订了设计的一般模式，倡导设计工作应具备条理性。德国工程师协会在这一设计思想的基础上，制订出标准vdi2221“技术系统和产品的开发设计方法。制定的机械产品方案设计进程模式，基本上沿用了德国标准vdi2221的设计方式。除此之外，我国许多设计学者在进行产品方案设计时还借鉴和引用了其他发达国家的系统化设计思想，其中具有代表性的是：(1)将用户需求作为产品功能特征构思、结构设计和零件设计、工艺规划、作业

41、控制等的基础，从产品开发的宏观过程出发，利用质量功能布置方法，系统地将用户需求信息合理而有效地转换为产品开发各阶段的技术目标和作业控制规程的方法。(2)将产品看作有机体层次上的生命系统，并借助于生命系统理论，把产品的设计过程划分成功能需求层次、实现功能要求的概念层次和产品的具体设计层次。同时采用了生命系统图符抽象地表达产品的功能要求，形成产品功能系统结构。(3)将机械设计中系统科学的应用归纳为两个基本问题：一是把要设计的产品作为一个系统处理，最佳地确定其组成部分(单元)及其相互关系；二是将产品设计过程看成一个系统，根据设计目标，正确、合理地确定设计中各个方面的工作和各个不同的设计阶段。由于每个

42、设计者研究hyperlink 问题的角度以及考虑问题的侧重点不同，进行方案设计时采用的具体研究方法亦存在差异。下面介绍一些具有代表性的系统化设计方法。1.1图形建模法研制的“设计分析和引导系统”kaleit，用层次清楚的图形描述出产品的功能结构及其相关的抽象信息，实现了系统结构、功能关系的图形化建模，以及功能层之间的联接 。将设计划分成辅助方法和信息交换两个方面，利用nijssen信息分析方法可以采用图形符号、具有内容丰富的语义模型结构、可以描述集成条件、可以划分约束类型、可以实现关系间的任意结合等特点，将设计方法解与信息技术进行集成，实现了设计过程中不同抽象层间信息关系的图形化建模。文献11将语义设计网作为设计工具，在其开发的活性语义设计网ask中，采用结点和线条组成的网络描述设计，结点表示元件化的单元(如设计任务、功能、构件或加工设备等)，线条用以调整和定义结点间不同的语义关系，由此为设计过程中的所有活动和结果预先建立模型，使早期设计要求的定义到每一个结构的具体描述均可由关系间的定义表达，实现了计算机辅助设计过程由抽象到具体的飞跃。1.2键合图法系统元件的功能分成产生能量、消耗能量、转变能量形式、传递能量等各种类型，并借用键合图表达