化合物英文命名规则

1、Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名 （Prefix词头，前缀Suffix词尾，后缀Stem词根）（ Trivial Names 俗名H20 water 不说 dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说 nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaC03 limest one2. Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide氧化物先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carb on oxideNa202 sodium peroxide

2、H202hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba （OH） 2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸 Ge neral formula 通式：HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid （英丿hydrosulphuric （美丿 氢硫酸 S:sulfur （英）、sulphur （美丿 HBr 氢）臭酸 hydrobromic acidBr： bromine

3、HC1 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸 hydrofluoric acidF: fluori neOxoacid or Oxy acid 含氧酸 General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + - ic acid 注：oxo - （oxy-）含氧，氧 代H2SO4 sulfuric acid （英丿 sulphuric acid （美丿H2CO3 carbo nic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boro n HN03

4、 n itric acid N: nitroge nIf X has two oxidation states :一ic： the higher oxidation state-ous:the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HN03 n itric acidHN02 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states :halogen 卤素per-（过，咼）+ ic : the still higher oxi

5、dation statehypo -（次，在，下）+ - ous： the st 订 1 lower oxida tion st ateHC103 chloric acidHC1O2 chlorous acidHC1O4 perchloric acidHC1O hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4）Salt 盐General formula 通式：MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide （-ide,化物）Oxidechloride、 nitride hydrideKI potassium iodideAI2S3 alumi n

6、um sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid（the higher oxidati on state of X）-ite anions derived from the -ous acid （the lower oxidati on state of X）HN03 n itric acidNaN03 sodium nitrateHN02 nitrous acidNaN0

7、2 sodium nitriteS042- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgC104 silver perchlorateNaI03 sodium iodateKC1O2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO 42- mangan ateMn04- perma ngan ateAcid salt 酸式盐 Using“ hydrogen ” to specify “ HNaHS04 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2P04 sodium dihydroge n phosphateNa2HP04 disodi

8、um hydrogen phosphate P： phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐（根）Using prefix bi- + n ame of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHS04 sodium bisulfateNaHS03 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarb on ate5）Metals （M ） with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods：后缀法：早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidati on st

9、ate of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidati on state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLati n n ame. （mercury is an excepti on）Cu: cuprum （拉 J ）, copper （英）Cu+ cup

10、rousCu2+ cupricCui cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉 J ), tin (英)Sn C12 sta nnous chlorideSn02 sta nnic oxideFe:ferrum (拉 J ), ir on (英)Fe(0H)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromideUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用 English name of metal (Roman numeral)CuBr copper (I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSn

11、O tin (II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(N03)2 iron (II) nitrateFe2(S04)3 iron (HI) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (o) di 二 tri 二 tetr (a) 四 pent (a) 五 hex (a) / hepta 匕 octa 八 nona 九1. to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formulaN02 n itroge n dioxidePC15 phosphorus pen tachlorideC0

12、2 carb on dioxide2. to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions, conden sed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3010 trisulfuric acidCr042-铭酸盐(根)chromateCr2072-重铭酸盐(根)dichromate3. to in dicate exte nt of substituti onP043- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to disti nguish acids differi ng in the “ content of water ortho-希腊词头正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)(有机化合物命名)meta-希腊词头偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸；me tape id 偏酸H3B03 orthoboric acid(or bo