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1、be动词,情态动词,助动词 do/does的用法区别及练习 助动词,顾名思义就是帮助动词 完成疑问及否定的,本身没有什么含义。主 要的助动词有be,do,will,have等,其用法详述如下: 一、 由连系动词am, is,are构成的句子:变一般疑问句时把am,is,are提到句子的前 面,句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am, is,are后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句:Is he a student? 否定句:He is not a student. 画线提问:对he提问:Who is a student? 对 a student 提问:W

2、hat is he? (2)was是am,is的过去式,were是are的过去式,若句子中有以上两词时,变疑问句及 否定句方法与(1)相同。 二、(1)由情态动词 can, may,will ,shall等构成的句子:变一般疑问句时把can, may,will , shall提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可.变否定句时直接在 can,may后面加not即可.例如: 肯定句:She can swim. 一般疑问句:Can she swim? 否定句:She can not swim. 画线提问:对she提问:Who can swim? 对 swim 提问:What can she do? (2)

3、could,might,would,should 是 can,may,will,shall 的过去式,若句子中有以上两词时, 变疑问句及否定句方法与(1)相同。 三、(1)由行为动词构成的句子:需要加助词do或does.变一般疑问句时把do/does放在 句子前面.变否定句时把don t/doesn放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。 一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。 playdoplaysdoes 例如: 肯定句:They play football after school. He plays football after school. 一般疑问句:Do they

4、 play football after school? Does he play football after school? 否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school. He doesn t play football after school. 画线提问:对 they/he 提问:Who plays football after school? 对 play football 提问:What do they do after school? What does he do after school? 对 after school

5、提问:When do they play football? When does he play football? (2)did是do和did的过去式,变一般疑问句时把 did放在句子前面.变否定句时把didn t 放在动词的前面,要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词都要变回 原型。 四、(1)由have,has构成的现在完成时句子,变一般疑问句时把have,has提到句子的前面, 句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在have,has后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句: He has read today s n ewspaper. 一般疑问句 :Has he read tod

6、ay s newspaper.? 否定句:He has not read today s newspape 画线提问:对 he 提问:Who has read today s newspaper? 对 today s newspaper提问:What has he did? (2)had是have和has的过去式,在构成的过去完成时句子中,变一般疑问句时把had提 到到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在had后面加not即可。 若have,has,had没有出现在完成时的句子中,则当实义动词对待,请参考实义动词的 用法。 五、 第一人称I, we在变疑问句时,应变为第二人称you。

7、I am, you /we /they are ”这 是初一最简单的固定搭配,不应再唠叨了吧! 六、is,has,does用于第三人称的现在时态,was用于第三人称的过去时态。 针对性练习 按要求改写句子: 1.1 have been to Beijin( 一般疑问句) to Beiji n? 2. We can see some birds.(一般疑问句) seebirds? 3. He desig ns clothes.( 一般疑问句) heclothes? 4. There were some flowers on the teachers一般疑问句 ) flowers on the t

8、eachers desk? 5. There were some apples on the tree.(否定句) Thereapples on the tree. 6.1 think he is very old.(否定句) Ithi nk hevery old. 7. Please colour it green.(否定句) colour it gree n. 8. They had lunch(变否定句) 9. You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑问句 ) ?. 10. There aren t any pears in the 同义句) There arepe

9、ars in the box. 11. This sign means “ No smoking. ” Whatthis sig n? 12.She has already written the letter.(改为否定句) she 13.She was you ng.(改为一般疑问句) ? 14.My pencils are in the pencil-box.(对划线部分提问) your pen cils? 15.1 got up at six yesterday(对划线部分提问) you get up yesterday? 16. They liked to walk home.(改为

10、一般疑问句) they? 17. These are cars.(用 buses改写成选择疑问句) Are these cars? 18. My plant is one month old.(就划线部分提问) pla nt? 19. Two boys are in our house.(改为 there be 句型) two boys in our house. 20. My plant has two green leaves.(就划线部分提问) pla nt? 21. Miss Li goes to Hong Kong by pla ne.(同义句) Miss LiHong Kong.

11、22. The wome n worked in the shoe factory.(就划线部分提问) wome n? 23. He is happy, because he is going to take a trip tomorrow.(就划线部分提问) ? 24. My father can cook the meals (就划线部分提问) father? 25. You should add water often.(般疑问句) water ofte n? 、变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变,如将some 改为 any, to

12、o 禾口 also 改为 either, already 改为 yet, and 改为 or 等: There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 tThere aren t any birds in the tree树上没有鸟。 He likes the girl, too.他也喜欢这个女孩。 tHe doesn t like the girl, either.他也不喜欢这个女孩。 We have already seen the film.我们已看过这部电影。 tWe have not seen the film yet.我们没有看这部电影。 He lik

13、es singing and dancing.他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 t He does n t like sin gi ng or dancing.他不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞。 二、部分否定与完全否定 比较以下句子: All of us laughed when we heard it.听到这事时我们都笑了。(肯定句) All of us didn t laughed when we heard听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定) Not all of us laughed when we heard it.听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定) None of us laughed when we

14、 heard it.听到这事时我们都没笑。(完全否定) 【注】可能涉及部分否定的词语有both, all, always, every等,即not both表示 并非两者 都” not all表示并非所有的都” not always表示并非总是” not every表示并非每个 都”。 练习答案: 1. Have you bee n, 2. Can you any, 3.Does desig n, 4.Were there any, 5.were not any, 6.do ntis, 7.Please dont, 8.They didn have lunch, 9.May you have any hot dogs, 10.no, 11.Does mean, 12. has not written the letter yet, 13.Was she you ng, 14.Where are, 15.What

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