高中语法精讲之动词ing形式作表语

1、高中语法精讲之动词 ing 形式作表语 动名词用作表语her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。 that is not playing the game这样做就不公平了。this was really carrying matters a little too far这事做得真有点太过分了。【注 1】不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的（即表示主语正在进行的动作）。例如：his job is cl

2、eaning the classroom.（动名词短语作表语）他的工作就是打扫课室。he is cleaning the classroom.（谓语，现在进行时）他正在打扫课室。【注 2】动名词（短语）和不定式（短语）都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用动名词（短语）； 表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用不定 式。但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：our job is building houses.【经常性的一般行为】我们的工作是盖房子。our main task now

3、is to build this house.【特定的具体某次行为】我们现在的主要任务这间房子。分词用作表语1分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有 的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常 见的现在分词有 amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming 等。例如： the development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。what he s

4、ays sounds more convincing他说的话听起来更有说服力。the european scene began to look threatening again欧洲局势再度出现危险。a few pages are wanting有几处缺页。the whole damned day had been humiliating这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。2过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词也几乎已经形容词化，可以被副词修饰，有比较形式。这类过去分词常见的有 accustomed, amazed, amused, astonished, bored, broken,

5、 closed, decided, delighted, devoted 等。例如：she is deeply read in the classics她精通古典文学。in the world things are complicated世界上的事情是复杂的。the river was swollen with the melted snows雪融河涨。einsteins theory of relativity is known all over the world爱因斯坦的相对论是全世界都知道的。he felt thoroughly disappointed他感到完全失望了。this ar

6、ticle is well written这篇文章写得好。【注 1】分词作表语时，系动词除 be 外还有 appear, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem 等。例如：the door remained locked门仍然锁着。the battery became exhausted after long use电池用久后，电耗尽了。【注 2】分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态和被动语态中的分词 是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。例如：the present situation is encour

7、aging.（表语）目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。the present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.（现在进行时）目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。the problem is quite pressing.（表语）问题很紧迫。she is pressing the button.（现在进行时）她正在按电钮。we are all pleased.（表语）我们都很满意。we are all pleased by the work done.（被动语态）所做的工作使我们都很满意。the glass pla

8、te is broken.（表语）玻璃板破了。the glass plate was broken by him.（被动语态）玻璃板被他打破了。课堂练习1. we all believe that if a book is _, it will surely _ the readers.a. interested; interest b. interesting; be interestedc. interesting; interest d. interested; be interesting2. the purpose of new teaching method is making s

9、tudy easier, _ it more difficult.a. not make b. not to makec. not making d. do not make3. it is said that the missing students were last seen _ near the river.a. playing b. to be playingc. play d. to play4. the policewoman looked around and caught a young man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenge

10、r.a. put b. to be puttingc. to put d. putting5. every teacher said mike was a _ boy when in school.a. promised b. promisingc. to promise d. promise6. mr white, _ of the _ tv play, started to read a novel.a. tired; boring b. tiring; boredc. tired; bored d. tiring; boring7. when the girl got back home

11、 from work she saw a message pinned to the door _ “sorry to miss you; i will call later.”a. read b. readsc. to read d. reading参考答案：17 ccadbad课后巩固一、单项选择1. as ill be away for at least a year, id appreciate _ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.a. hearing b. to hear c. to be hearing d

12、. having heard2. the teacher didnt feel like _ him on the spot.a. correct b. correcting c. to correct d. corrected3. with the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave.a. leads, find b. leading, finding c. led, to find d. was leading, found4. i remember _ for the job, but i forget the exac

13、t amount.a. to pay b. paying c. to have paid d. being paid5. he was seen _ out.a. go b. to go c. went d. goes6. he hasnt got used _ in the countryside.a. live b. to live c. to living d. living7. we dont allow _ in the lecture room.a. to smoke b. smoke c. smoking d. to smoking8. im looking forward to

14、 _ from you soon.a. hear b. heard c. hearing d. being heard9. she doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely.a. leave b. being left c. leaving d. to be left10. people from all the corners came to the city, _ it very crowded.a. to make b. and making c. made d. making11. _ all the time is

15、the key to _ progress in english.a. practise, making b. to practise, makingc. practise, make d. to practise, make12. only one of these books is _.a. worth to read b. worth being read c. worth of reading d. worth reading13. they knew her very well. they had seen her _ up from childhood.a. grow b. gre

16、w c. was growing d. to grow14. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. a. to have rested b. resting c. to rest d. rest14. _ a reply, he decided to write again.a. not receiving b. receiving notc. not having received d. having not received16. european footb

17、all is played in 80 countries, _ it the popular sport in the world. a. making b. makes c. made d. to make17. one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.a. correct b. correcting c. corrects d. to correct18. _ at the door before entering please.a. knocked b. to knock c. knocking d. knock19. _

18、 such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered20. he sent me an-email, _ to get further information.a. hoped b. hoping c. to hope d. hope21. tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.a. having not been invited b. not having invitedc. having not invited d. not having been invited22. though _money, his parents managed to send him to university.a. lacked b. lacking ofc. lacking d. lacked in23. how about the two of us _a walk down the garden?a. to take b. takec. taking d. to be taking24. _is a good form of e