完型阅读综合(二)---教师用分析解析

1、思深忧远，锐意进取思而锐!完型阅读综合（一）In structor: Miss. LiuDate:Feb.8一阅读理解技巧之猜测词义二解题方法猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会 顺藤摸瓜”通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。方法一：利用上下文语境猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义， 是阅读过程中的一大关键。【例 1 】I had always trave

2、led to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time Iwas on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a doze n magaz ines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.Which

3、of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish in”thesec ond paragraphA. chooseB. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on解析：有些学生连particularly也不认识，直接发蒙无法正确猜测。本段画线词的语境说，作者不太喜欢漫长的列车旅途，于是准备了许多本杂志，由此判断画线词的含义是B。她觉得这样的长途火车旅行是很枯燥的，她不喜欢。答案：B【例 2】When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfyi

4、ng to say, “Well,it sso-and-so s fault. ” or “I know I m late, but it s not my fault; the car broke down. probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or someth ing else for a bad situati on, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps cha nge the s

5、ituatio n. However, you can have great power over what happe ns to you if you stop focus ing on whom to blame and start focus ing on how toremedythe situation. This is the winner s key to success.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.A. avoid B. acceptC. improveD. consid

6、er解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在的句子的语境可知，成功者的秘诀在于不是把注意力集中在谁该受到责备而是集中在怎样改善糟糕的境况。此处的动词 remedy意为：改进，改正，纠正；所以improve改善，改进”符合题意。答案：C方法二：根据定义（definition ）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为： be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, defi ne, represe nt, refer to, sig nify 等。【例 1 】Do you know

7、what a “territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal usually the male, claims （声称） as its own.由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘”方法三：根据复述推测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词 义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致义域”（意义范围）。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。同位语复述：在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使 用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。同位语前常有or, similarly, th

8、at is to say, in other words, n amely, or other, say, i.e.等。【例 1 】In fact, only about 80 ocelotsan endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today 由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临 灭绝野猫。定语从句复述：【例 1 】Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixi ng foreig n food such

9、as caribou ,wild boar ,and rein deer with surpris ing sauces .According the passageThe Pines is a.A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaura nt where you can ask for some sp

10、ecial kinds of food通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。方法三：根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述， 我们可以根 据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：un like, not, but, however, while, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。【例 1 】 A child s birthday party doesrinave totbe ahassle it can be a basket

11、 of fun.What does the underlined word “ hassle”aragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party desig ned by specialistsB. a pla n requiri ng careful thoughtC. a situati on caus ing difficulty or troubleD. a dema nd made by guests根据对比关系，这里hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，很容易判断 理解题的答案为C。方法四：根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意

12、义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短 语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。【例 1 】 Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similariyoquacious该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的”方法五：根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。【例 1 】I feel that since y

13、ou are my superior , it would bepresumptuousof me to tell you what to do .”The word “ presumptuous the middle of the passage is closest in meaning toA. full of respectB. too con fide nt and rudeC. lacking in experieneeD. too shy and quiet根据since引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司”，我们可以 推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆

14、的”意思，后半句的意思是：我 告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。方法六：根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推 断生词词义。【例 1 】William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life mongledyarn（纱线）， good and ill together. ”The underlined word “mingled!n the last paragraph most probably means .A. simple B. mixed C.

15、sad D. happy句中good and ill together更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们 不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的”答案是：B限时训练：5min（2010重庆高考）AOne morni ng more tha n thirty years ago, I en tered the Track Kitche n, a restaura nt where every one from the humblest卑 微的）to the most powerful came for breakfast. I no ticed am empty

16、 chair n ext to an elderly, un shave n man, who looked somewhat disheveledHe was weari ng a worn-out hat and was alon e. I asked if I might joi n him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously bega n a conv ersi on and spoke about a wide rang of thin gs. We n ever in troduc

17、ed ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a sec ond cup of coffee, I asked,My I get you someth ing ?”A coffee would be ni ce.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more ,and he accepted

18、ano ther cup of coffee, Fin ally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my frie nds. He asked,How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”Who?”The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Dow ns.”I could hardly believe it. I was buy

19、ing, offeri ng a free breakfast, and feeli ng pity for one of the world richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat every one with respect, no matter who I thi nk they are, and no matter ano ther huma n being with kindn ess and sin cerity.56. W

20、hat does the underlined word disheveled mean?A. U nfrien dly.B. U ntidy.C. Ge ntle D. Kind.57. The author bought coffee for the old man becauseA. he thought the old man was poor B. he wan ted to start a conv ersati onC. he in ten ded to show his polite ness D. he would like to tha nk the old man58.

21、How did the author probably feel after he talked with his frie nd?A. Proud. B. Pitiful. C. Surprised. D. Regretful59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should lear n to be gen erous. B. It is hono rable to help those in n eed.C. People in high positi ons are not like what we ex

22、pect.D. We should avoid judgi ng people by their appeara nces.BACD【2012陕西卷】CEating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies

23、 have linked high exposure暴露）to environmental pollution to an in creased risk of heart problem, but two an alyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke 中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed t

24、o high levels of pollutants （污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure tha n those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patie nts showed that even air that the U. S. Environmentai Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “ moderate ”好)quality and rel

25、atively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% withi n 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certa inly modestcompared with other risk factors such as smok ing and high blood pressure. Howev

26、er, it is importa nt to be aware of these dan gers because every one is exposed to air polluti on regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulati on by the EPA of polluta nts may not only improve en vir onmen tal air quality but could also become n ecessary to protect public health.53. The tex

27、t mainly discusses the relati on ship betwee nA. heart problems and air qualityB. heart problems and exercis ingC. heart problems and smok ingD. heart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word modest in Paragraph 3 most probably meansA. relatively highB. extremely lowC. relatively lowD. extreme

28、ly high55. What can we lear n from the text?A. Eat ing fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA con ducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulati ons on polluta nts should be made.【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病 的风险，

29、但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病 的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53【答案与解析】A主旨大意题。根据本文主题句一一第一自然段的最后一 句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。54【答案与解析】C词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可 以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。55【答案与解析】D事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。二.完形填空【2012山东卷】Whenever we hear about the homeless，most of us think of the Developing world. Bu

30、t the 36 is that homeless ness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin. Germanys capital. They first 39 one long hot summer whe

31、n most Germa ns were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made san dwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42. What these44 to givepeople also n eed is warmth an d 43 ，” says Rita. The Mullers did nt their ph

32、one nu mber to the street people and told them to phone any time. Rita 45 there was somebody at home to an swer the pho ne and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldnface ano ther ni ght on the street.36.37.A. resultA. traditi onalB. truthB. develop ingC. reas onD. ideaC. typicalD. wealthy38.A

33、. preparati onsB. housesC. mealsD. suggesti ons39.A.beganB.metC. calledD. left40.A. asleepB.aloneC. acrossD. away41.A. brought up B.set upC.put asideD.gave away42.A.enoughB.n ecessaryC. helpfulD. expe nsive43.A. fameB.freedomC. courageD.caring44.A. hesitateB.agreeC. prete ndD. intend45.A. make sense

34、B. found outC. make sureD. worked out46.A.openB.crowdedC. no isyD. n ear【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。当我们谈到“无家可归”时，我们就想到了发展中国家， 但是，就像德国这么发达的国家，在大街上也随处看到无家可归的人。 一对有爱 心的德国夫妇舍弃了外出度假的时光，为那些无家可归的人做饭，提供住宿。后 来，花完了自己的积蓄，他们还向公司求助，让更多的人们关注那些无家可归的 人。让这个世界多一份关爱，少一份痛苦。36. 【答案】B【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。【解析】此处result结果；truth事实；reason原因

35、；idea想法，主意。每当我们听 到无家可归这个词，我们大多数人就会想到副站长国家。但事实是无家可归的到 处都有。37. 【答案】D【考点定位】考查形容词词义辨析及学生对上下文的语境理解能力。【解析】此处traditional传统的；developing发展中的；typical典型的；wealthy富裕的。我们有多少人想看到一个像德国这么富有的国家也有人住在大街上。38. 【答案】C【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及学生对上下文语境的理解能力。【解析】根据后文 Kurt Muller and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiche可知： 他们为德国首都柏林的

36、无家可归者做饭已经一年了。39. 【答案】A【考点定位】考查动词词义辨析。【解析】此处met遇到；left离开；called打电话；叫；begar开始。他们从一个漫 长而炎热的夏天开始的。40. 【答案】D【考点定位】考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力。【解析】此处asleep垂着的；alone独自的；across穿过；away离开，远去。他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始，而此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。41. 【答案】B【考点定位】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。【解析】此处set up安装；布置；临时搭起；put aside储存；撇开；bring up提出； 抚养；gave away无偿赠送；暴

37、露。Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他们在街 上布置好桌子，给无家可归者提供食物。42. 【答案】A【考点定位】考查形容词词义辨析及学生对上下文语境的理解能力。【解析】此处enough足够的；necessary必须的；helpful有帮助的；expensive昂贵的。由后句中的what people also need （人们还需要的是）可知，此处应该 表达的是穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够”。43. 【答案】D【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。【解析】此处fame名誉；名声；freedom自由；courage勇气；caring关心；关怀。他们还需要温暖和关怀。44. 【答案】A

38、【考点定位】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解能力。【解析】此处hesitate犹豫；agree同意；pretend假装；intend打算，想要。穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上的人，并告诉他们随时给他打电话。45. 【答案】C【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义及学生对上下文语境的理解能力。【解析】此处make sens有道理；find out找出；查明； make sure确定；work out 算出；制定。前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给街上的人，因此此处应是：Rita确保家里有人随时接电话。46. 【答案】A【考点定位】考查形容词词义辨析及学生对上下文的理解能力。【解析】此处open开放的；cro

39、wded拥挤的；noisy嘈杂的；near附近的。她家 对那些不能在街上再呆一夜的人是敞开着的。 Be open to意为 对某人是敞开的； 对,开放”。三.Grammar-Inversion1倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现 在时和一般过去时。常见结构：1）here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Ahead

40、sat an old woma n.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则 不能完全倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.2倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的 谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does或did,并将其置于主语 之前。1）句首为否定或半否定或带有否定意义的词，如n o, not, n ever, seldom, little,hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, no sooner than等。Never have

41、I see n such a performa nee.Not un til the child fell asleep did the mothereave the room.注：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。Not only did herefuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.注：只有当Notonlybut also!接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。 典型例题学海无涯多歧路“ 3A ”相伴行万里!12No soonertha n it bega n to rain heavily.A

42、. the game bega nB. has the game begu nC. did the game beg inD. had the game beg un解析：“no sooner.than.一,，就” 引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时,than 后面的从句用一般过去时：No sooner +S.+had done +than+S.+did和 hardly when意思一样2）so, neither, nor#部分倒装表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak Fren ch. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.典

43、型例题：-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-1 dont know,.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。 意为的确如此。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its rai ning hard. -So it is.3）only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way, can

44、 you leann English well.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only whe n he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.4）as, though引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语 随实义动词一起放在主语之前Try hard as he will, he n ever seems able to do the work satisfactor

45、ily.5）其他部分倒装 sothat句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was hehat he did not dare to move an in ch. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should等词，可将if省略,把were, had, should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it aga in.典型例题:1. , he knows a lot of thin gs.A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he小试牛刀：1. Only in this wayprogress in your En glish.A. you makeB. can you makeC. you be able to makeD. will you able to make2. Only after liberati onto be treated as huma n bein gs.A. did they beg inB. they had begu