名词可数名词和不可数名词

1、主要考查三个方面：1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法；3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。名词的数规则名词的复数形式规则读音例子1一般情况在词尾加 s在清辅音后读 /s/ 在元音及浊辅音后 读/z/map sea girl day apple 规则读音例子2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 的名词后加 eses 一般读作 /iz/class watchbox-_ brush(刷子）-3以f 或fe结尾的名词ves一般读作leaf （叶子） _thief( 小偷) 变f 和fe为v再加es/vz/knife wife (妻子）

2、规则读音例子4以y 结尾 的名 词以辅音字母 y 结尾的名 词，变 y 为 i ，再加 es（e）s 一般读 作/iz/family party story city 以元音字母 y 结尾的名 词 +ss 一般读作/z/toy boy day5.以 o结尾的名 词有生命的一般加 -eshero _ potato _tomato piano radio无生命的一般加 -szoo photo可数名词复数形式的不规则变化规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式man woman foot tooth goose 特殊： child mouse 2单复数同形sheep deer 3只有复数形式tr

3、ousers clothes chopsticks glasses （眼镜） goods（ 商品 ）4一些集体名词用作复数people police cattle（牛 ） staff （全体职员）规则例词5表示“某 国人”变 复数加 - sAmerican German European 单复数同形Chinese Japanese 以 -man 或 -woman结尾的改为 - men或-womenEnglishman Frenchwoman 记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余 s 加后面常见的不可数名词类别例词orange 橙汁milk牛奶water水液体wine 酒juice果汁tea 茶物质名

4、词coffee 咖啡soup汤oil油食物bread 面包meat肉cheese奶酪自然物体soil 土壤sand沙子wood木头类别例词抽象名词情感joy 高兴 friendship 友谊 peace 和平学科math 数学 geography 地理 physics 物理 chemistry 化学概念advice 建议 information 信息 news 消息 time 时间 money 金钱 population 人口 knowledge 知识 music 音乐不可数名词的量化具体的量数词量词 of 不可数名词 two bottles of orange大概的量表示量的限定词不可数名词

5、 some good pieces of news不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of 一块； a bottle of一瓶 a group of 一群；a pile of 一堆 a pair of一组/ 双/ 对； a piece of一片/ 张/ 块 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词单词词义可数名词不可数名词fish鱼，鱼类 （条数，种类）（复数形式： fish ）鱼肉room房间 a room空间glass玻璃杯 a glass; 眼镜（glasses ）玻璃time次数，倍数 three times时间experience经历 an experience经验单词词义

6、可数名词不可数名词work作品 a work工作water水域（ waters ）水orange橘子（ oranges ）橘子汁food食物种类食物【 2016 广东】The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.A. glassB. glassesC. candle D. candles【 2016广西来宾】 There are many about this farm. Yes, lots of are planted on it.A. photo; potatoB. photos; pot

7、atosC. photos; potatoesD. photoes; potatoes1. Help yourself to some. There are lots of vitamins in them.A. tomatoB. tomatoesC. tomatosD. potatos2.if you take a plane, you cannot take onto the plane with you.A. knifeB. knifesC. knivesD. a knives3. The have caught the two already.A. policeman; thief B

8、. policemen; thiefsC. policemen; thievesD. policeman; thieves【 2016重庆】 It s sports time. Most football on the playground.A. boy B. boysC. boys【 2015攀枝花】 All theare fromstudents in Class 1 are playingD. boysA. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; GermanC. man doctors; GermanyD. man doctor; German【 20

9、15广安】How manycan you see in the picture?TwoA. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep【 2015天河】 Would you like something to drink? , please.A. Two bottle of orangeB. Two bottle of orangesC. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottles of orangess所有格使用场合与构成方法例子1单数名词在末尾加 sthe boy s father名词所有格复数般在末尾加the teachersroom名词

10、不规则复数名词后加 sChildren s Day3表示各有关系时 , 各名词末尾均须加 sJanes and Mary s bikes（两人各有）表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加 sJane and Mary s bike（两人共有） of 所有格the story of Sun Yang Sun Yangs story孙杨的故事名词 +of+ 名词” 表示物体所属关系。使用场合与构成方法例子多用在无生命事物名词前a map of Chinathe legs of the chair也可用于表示人和其他有生Do you know the name of the命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时

11、候boy sitting in bed?注意双重所有格s. of + 名词所有格Lucy is a friend of my sister露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。 of + 名词性物主代词a picture of her son s她儿子的一张照片（ 属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子 ） 由“数词 + 名词”构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有 连字符“ - ”。a two-day holiday两天的假期a 200-metre-wide river一条 200 米宽的河 少数名词使用的固定搭配（ to 所有格）the way to the bank the

12、 key to the doorthe answer to the question【 2016山东东营】 Are you sure this is a photo, the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didnt it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling s C. of Jia LingD. of Jia Ling s【 2015武威】 mothers can t go to parents meeting because they are too busy.A. Ja

13、ck s and PaulB. Jac ks and Paul sC. Jack and Paul sD. Jack and Paul【 2014广东】Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.A. Woman B. Women C. Woman s D. Women s2015黑龙江】 Whose room is this? Is it theYes, it iss; Tom s and Tim ss only about fiveA. twins ; Tom and Tim sB. t

14、winC. twins ; Tom and Tim【 2015临沂】 I live near the station. It walk A. minute sB. minuteC. minutes D. minutes1. school is quite near the bus station.A.Ted and Tom s B. Teds and Tom s C. Ted and Tom D. Ted and Toms 2. Do you know the boy who is playing soccer there?Certainly. He is a friend of my A.

15、brotherB. brothers C. brothers D. brothersReading timeA GREedy dog went into abutcher s shop and stolea big juicy bone. He ran away so fast that the butcher could not catch him. He ran out into thefields with his bone. He was going to eat it all byhimself.the dog came to a stream . There was a narro

16、wbridge across it. The dog walked on to the bridge, and looked into the water. He could seeanother dog with a big bone i n his mouth.the GREedy dog thought the bone in the water looked much bigger than the one hehad stolenfrom the butcher .the GREedy dog dropped the bone from his mouth. Itfell into

17、the water and was lost. Hejumped into the water tosnatch the bigger bone from the other dog.the GREedy dog jumped into the water with a big splash. He looked everywhere but he couldnot see the other dog. Hisshadow had gone.the silly dog went home hungry. He lost his bone and got nothing because he h

18、ad b een tooGREedy.Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in anger,he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated,saying: If you would onlyspare my life, I would be sure torepay your kindness.The Lion laughed and let him go.It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by somehunters , whobound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing h